Danyu carved The ancient Fanghua of Zize - Chengtang Temple in Xinbi Village, Jize Prefecture
Journal of Culture, 2018.03, Liu Zutong (Jincheng Shangdang Drama Research Institute)
Abstract: There are ancient temples in the northwest of Xinbi Village, Zezhou, Jincheng, with a grand scale and covering an area of more than 4,000 square meters, which is a well-known ancient building complex in the "Long River" area of Zezhou. The temple is exquisitely crafted, among which the main halls of the Chengtang Temple and the Jade Emperor Temple are the winners, and the architectural features are remarkable, retaining the era style of the Golden Yuan. Based on the investigation, this article introduces in detail the general situation of Chengtang Temple and Jade Emperor Temple.
Xinbi Village is located in the northwest of Zezhou County, Jincheng City, south of Dadonggou Town, 19 kilometers away from Jincheng District, and is formed by two natural villages, Xinbi and Lizhuang. There is a temple in the northwest corner of the village, which the villagers call the "Xinbi Great Temple" (see Figure 1). The temple building is a large-scale building, covering an area of more than 4,000 square meters, and is a well-known ancient architectural complex in the "Changhe" area of Zezhou. The temple pattern is square in four corners and in the shape of "Tian", including four clusters of Chengtang Temple, Jade Emperor Temple, Taiping Temple and Futian Temple. The temple is exquisitely crafted, among which the main halls of the Chengtang Temple and the Jade Emperor Temple are the winners, and the architectural features are remarkable, retaining the era style of the Golden Yuan. The Tang and Song dynasties that surrounded the main building with low corridors were gradually abandoned, and the main hall and the box, walls, doors, etc. were changed to form a feudal space, and the main building was highlighted through the changes of different spaces, thus creating a certain artistic atmosphere.
1. Chengtang Temple
Chengtang Temple, the largest of the temples, is the main activity place of the villagers to welcome the gods, also known as the "former temple", covering an area of more than 1,200 square meters, adjacent to the Taiping Temple. The main hall of chengtang temple, the Tang Emperor Hall (see figure 2), was built in 1181 (21 years of Jin Dading) according to the inscription, and was later renovated twice during the Kangxi and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty. In 1754 (the 2nd year of the Ming Dynasty), the East Corner Hall ——— the Guandi Hall, the West Corner Hall ——— the Wu King Hall, the Southwest Corner Hall ——— Ancestral Hall, also known as the Emperor's Hall, which was rebuilt during the Qing Shunzhi and Qianlong dynasties.
The Tang Emperor Hall is the "oldest" building in the temple, with the highest artistic value. The main hall hangs from the top of the mountain, with seven rafters in front and behind. The stigma arches, multicolored double down. The top is neatly decorated, with a glazed ridge, and a green glazed square victory on it (see Figure 3). The number of stone pillars has increased significantly compared with other temples, with four square angular stone pillars, and the surface is engraved with various patterns, which means auspicious. The pillar base is a corset square stool foundation (see Figure 4), which is unique. The mountain gate was built in the south, and the Lile Building (see Figure 5) was first built in 1501 (the 14th year of Ming Hongzhi) and rebuilt in the 22nd year of Qing Jiaqing. Lilly floor width 7. 85 meters, heavy eaves rest on the top of the mountain. On both sides, there are bell and drum towers and the top of the hill, with a depth of 17 meters, which is the tallest building in the temple. In the middle, there are two floors of the small house, and on both sides of the upper floor, there is a ticket-shaped door, which is connected to the stage, which is a place for artists to make up and rest.
"Lelou is an integral part of the temple because it represents music, and the temple only represents ceremonies. The role of the temple is to gather ghosts and gods, and Lelou can seek the religious effect of Yong Yong Mu Mu and the gods and people through the theatrical performance of the gods to entertain the gods. [1] Similar to the Great Ming Law, the "rules" of the play of "Immortal Dao Dress and Righteous Husband Festival Woman, Filial Piety and Shunsun" are only allowed to be performed in Xinbi Village, and the Tang Emperor Temple Festival can only perform divine dramas, and vulgar and vulgar repertoire will never be allowed to appear on stage.
In the 1940s, Chengtang Temple was used as a grenade handle workshop of the Second Arsenal of the Jinji-Hebei Lu Military Region, and was occupied by the Donggou Grain Station after the founding of New China. In 1997, it was managed and repaired by the village committee, and from 2008 to 2010, the sacred icons were rebuilt and painted, the temple courtyard was rebuilt, the partitions of each hall were renovated, and the pillars, beams and arches were repaired.
The Taiping Temple (see Figure 6) is located on the west side of the Chengtang Temple. Founded in 1305 (9th year of Yuan Dade), it covers an area of 1685 square meters and a construction area of 529. 68 square meters, is the Jincheng city key cultural relics protection unit.
The main hall of the Taiping Temple is 11 meters long, 10 meters wide and 10 meters high, and was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. In terms of wood structure, a new attempt was made on the basis of inheriting the architectural style of the Jin Dynasty. Many of the temple pillars are flexibly arranged, often not symmetrically related to the pillars, but with a large inner forehead on the inner forehead to form a way to reduce and shift the columns. The transformation of its construction form from the Song She material system to the Ming and Qing Doukou system, and the transition of the bucket arch from true ang to false ang, is an earlier example of change in this period of change. In the 1940s, the Winery of the Eighth Pharmaceutical Factory of the Ministry of Military Industry of the Jichaluyu Border Region was produced in Guannei. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the Donggou Grain Station of the Jincheng County Grain Bureau was occupied as a warehouse. From 1999 to 2001, under the principle of keeping the ancient building structure unchanged, it was overhauled and the statue of The Old Emperor taishang was reshaped. From 2009 to 2010, the East Point Hall and the Xuandi Hall, the Sanqing Pavilion, the renovation of the courtyard, the heavy courtyard, and the new mountain gate were renovated, so that the old appearance of the ancient view that had fallen into disrepair was renewed.
2. Jade Emperor Temple
The Jade Emperor Temple (see Figure 7), also known as the "Hou Temple", is located behind the Taiping Temple, in the northwest corner of the Chengtang Temple, covering an area of 876. 4 square meters, construction area 477. 95 sq.m. The main hall ——— the Jade Emperor Hall, which was built in about 1400 (the orthodox year of Ming Yongle), the depth of the building layout is combined, on the left and right sides of the Jade Emperor Hall, the central main hall building is set off by the east and west corners of the Sun Palace and the Moon Palace, and the architectural location, roof style and height of the other halls and boxes, and the size of the area are specially treated according to "proportions". The East Side Hall is built with mountain gods, four saints, and dragon king shops, which was built in 1747 (12 years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty), all of which are organically combined with the actual terrain. The Jade Emperor Temple was once occupied as a factory workshop and a grain station warehouse. From 2008 to 2010, it was renovated, statues, paintings, and courtyards.
Futian temple, located after the former temple Wu Wang Hall, was built in the 5th year of Qing Jiaqing (1800). The main hall sculpted three statues of bodhisattvas and stone Buddhas erected in front of them, and then removed the statues of the gods of silkworm and bull king in the temple in the west chamber, and the newly sculpted statues of the gods of grain and wealth and the god of horse king were sandwiched in the east chamber.
III. Conclusion
According to the inscription, the construction and completion of the Chengtang Temple has gone through a long time, spanning the Song and Jin Dynasties, the Yuan Ming, and the Qing Dynasty, spanning more than 800 years, and can be called a model of ancient construction in Zezhou. Like the folk architecture in many places, the "Xinbi Great Temple" also tends to be standardized and stereotyped in the process of repair and improvement, and the attic buildings will directly rise the inner columns to the upper floors, removing the arches between the upper and lower columns common in the Liaojin attic building. Combined with the local culture, its artistic rhythm has been matured and developed, and the use of roll killing to make the roof partially and completely covered with glazed tiles, colorful paintings and decorative styles are changeable, avoiding simple and blunt straight lines and monotonous curves, so that people can look soft and gorgeous.