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After the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty jointly destroyed the Liao, the two sides enjoyed a period of peace. But as long as there are people with hearts, they can see that there is an undercurrent surging deep under the surface calm. Because Emperor Huizong of Song secretly supported Zhang Jue's rebellion against Jin, and the surrender of Emperor Tianzuo of the Liao State was exposed, it undoubtedly violated the prior agreement not to invite each other to surrender and rebel. Coupled with the poor performance of the Song army in xuanhe and the Northern Expedition, it directly made the Jurchens despise them.
By 1123, three years before the Song and Jin wars, Jin Taizu died of illness. In order to complete the ascension of Emperor Wu to the throne, the Northern Song Dynasty sent a delegation led by Xu Kangzong to carry a large number of valuable gifts to the Shangjing Huining Province of the Jin Kingdom. What he saw and heard along the way was undoubtedly the last tranquility before the great crisis.
Yanshan Province
Yanshan Prefecture in the Northern Song Dynasty was Nanjing Youzhou in the Liao Dynasty
After leaving Bieliang with his interpreters and guards, Xu Kangzong first had to pass through Xiongzhou and Zhuozhou. After crossing the old Baihegou on the border of Song and Liao, he came to Yanshan Province, which had been reluctantly recovered earlier, that is, the former Liao State Nanjing Jingjin Province. The group immediately saw the 40-zhang-high wall building and knew that there were 910 large and small city towers in the whole process, so the defense was very tight.
And it does look like there is a prosperous scene here. Because it is connected to Korea, Jurchen and other places in the east, and to Yunzhong and the Tuotuo River in the west, Yanshan Province is not only the land of merchants in the north, but also the magnificent Buddhist temple and the palace of the former Liao. The market is filled with a variety of fruits, rice, vegetables and brocade. However, in terms of folk customs, in addition to reading poetry and books, the junxiu children here also practice riding and shooting, so their combat effectiveness is far superior to that of their Confucian colleagues in the interior. At the beginning of the Song Army's Northern Expedition, it was also repeatedly beaten by the Jurchen Han'er troops. In the end, it was only by relying on Jin Guo's help that he spent money to redeem the major targets for which he was supposed to be responsible.
The purple part of the way is Nanjing Youzhou during the Liao Dynasty
Continuing north from Yanshan Province, it was Lu County, the ancient battlefield where Cao Cao conquered Wuhuan and Jiandun Shanyu. But the glory of the prosperous world obviously could not shine here, and many unabashed scenes of nausea were enough to make the scalp of the Northern Song ambassador feel cold. Due to the land-scraping raids of the Jin before they left Yanshan Province, and the subsequent drought, the remaining residents had no choice but to kill their children and eat. Fresh bodies are also sold at a price on the side of the road and sold to other hungry people for food.
At the same time, the situation of the various units arranged by the Song in these areas was also very different. Guo Yaoshi, who had come from the Liao Dynasty, was favored and good at scavenging, and obtained a large amount of Taicang Caoyun rice. Although the soldiers of the Changsheng Army under his command were born of hungry people, they were now fat and strong. Coupled with the excellent equipment in his hand, he is naturally arrogant. However, the Song Dynasty soldiers from Shanxi and Shaanxi were as thin as wood and did not have any restraint on Guo Yaoshi. Although both Ma Kuo and He Guan within the Song court advocated at least three additional troops of comparable size from Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi to prevent the disobedience of these former Liao and Han armies. However, the cruel status quo of resource allocation has undoubtedly made this plan directly frustrated. Later, when the Jurchens decided to go south, the Northern Song Dynasty only dared to send the Changsheng army out to meet the battle.
The Northern Song Dynasty could only rely on the Han Er, who had resisted itself, against the Jurchens who were about to go south
The way to Shangjing
Song dynasty envoys along the way witnessed many relics of the Jurchens destroying the Liao
After that, the mission successively passed through Sanhe County and other places, and exited the customs in Qingzhou near Tangshan. Cross the small mound that serves as a border marker and immediately change to the carriage and horse provided by Jinguo. Then he arrived in Cheongju and ate the first meal that the Jinguo people invited themselves. As a result, the traditional Jurchen food customs still made Xu Kangzong almost spit it out. After drinking, the female Allah served the Song Dynasty guests millet, mustard seeds, vinegar, meat, and a soup made of animal hearts with flesh and blood. This combination made Dr. Bieliangshi, who ate the most mutton, sigh and feel that it was difficult to swallow.
Next, everyone has to pass through Pingzhou, Luanzhou and Yingzhou. Xu Kangzong saw that the terrain along the way was dangerous, which was an extension of the Yanshan defense line outside the sai. I also thought that this was the battlefield of the Northern Expedition of the Duke of Qi Huan and the Lone Bamboo Kingdom, but now it has become the land of the Hu people. The result of the ensuing comparison undoubtedly made the civilian officials who were familiar with history a little sullen.
The capitulators of the Liao state eventually became important promoters of the idea of destroying the Song Dynasty
In fact, when Zhang Jue of Pingzhou Zhizhou rebelled against the Jin Dynasty, he hoped to use the Northern Song Dynasty as a backup. Bieliang Chao also wanted the land of Pingzhou to consolidate the Yanshan defense line, but he did not feel that he had offended the Jurchens. Therefore, zhang jue was only sealed as a moderation envoy, and no actual reinforcement was given. As a result, Zhang Jue fled into the territory after his defeat, and the Northern Song Dynasty chose to kill Zhang Jue to apologize after facing the criticism of Tucheng and his old friends in Pingzhou.
This move undoubtedly offended a large number of former Liao Han'er, including Guo Yaoshi, and made them very dissatisfied with the Zhao family's Tianzi's change of the day. Through these areas, Xu Kangzong could also feel the deep disappointment of the locals for the Song Dynasty. Coupled with the Song Dynasty's harsh treatment of the Liao and Han chinese doctors, almost the entire former southern official system was pushed towards the Jurchens. It was these angry people and the captured members of the Liao royal family who became important instigators of revenge in the South of the Jin Dynasty.
Many Liao officials regretted their defection to the Northern Song Dynasty
Later, when passing through Jinzhou and Xianzhou and other places, the group finally saw the former tang Dynasty Andong Capital Protectorate' hometown. There, too, they met the clerical officials of the Jin Dynasty who had come to receive them. However, when the latter examined the Song Dynasty's state documents, he found that the Bieliang side actually called itself a state rather than a state. Considering that the state character in the Analects has always been a contemptuous name for the foreign regime, the Jin people immediately asked the Song envoys to revise the state book. Although Xu Kangzong did not have the strength to bind the chicken, he did not lack the nerdy characteristic of confucian scribes. He immediately said that there are many uses of the Four Books and Five Classics to refer to China as a state, and that even dead or alive will refuse to correct them anyway. This kind of verbal offensive with several ways of writing a word also makes the gold people who are rough and ink feel very bored. The Guoshu storm was over, and Xu Kangzong finally found a long-lost cultural self-confidence in his long-term anxiety about the superiority of Jinguo's armed forces. In Suzhou, Tongzhou, Xinzhou, and later Huanglong Province, Xu Kangzong could see the starving people in Guannei who had been resettled in the Jin Dynasty. Only those scholars were often taken captive to participate in the great exploitation of the virgin land. Although the land is relatively rough, the entire new organizational regime has shown great vitality and is the best test of tolerance and absorption. Seeing that these Han people could not live well in the territory of this dynasty, but wanted to come to the Jin Kingdom, which had delicate relations with the Song Dynasty, Xu Kangzong's heart was even more mixed.
The vitality of the Jurchens made Song Ling look in his eyes and be anxious in his heart
Shangjing saw and heard
Located in the territory of present-day Jilin Province, the Jurchen capital Huanglong Province
In the Tuoshu Village near Huanglong Province, the Song envoys met many captives from different sources, as if they had entered a mini-World Exposition. There are not only the descendants of Tiele from the steppe, but also the surrounding areas of Tuguhun, Bohai, Khitan, Murongwei, Uighurs, Dangxiang, Xiren, and even oasis residents of small countries in the western region.
Because this was the place where the Liao State held various foreign prisoners of war, it is now also taken over by the Jurchens. The harsh and remote environment made it difficult for most of the captives to escape, so they had to settle down. However, our original geographical and linguistic environments are very different, and we often face the situation of not being able to communicate with each other. Some were forced to learn Chinese and intermarry with each other to reproduce. However, considering that Xu Kangzong did not understand the Persian-Turkic language left by the Central Asian-steppe world, he was naturally reluctant to mention it in the records.
Song envoys also saw many foreign captives in the territory of the Jin Dynasty
At that time, the Jin Dynasty did not have a mature tax system, so even noble captives had to earn a living by herding or cultivating land. However, all the members of the Northern Song Dynasty mission could not imagine that the monarch of their own country, who did not dare to provoke, would soon join with their precious son. Go to this multi-ethnic family in the Northeast Asian border region and enjoy the ice and snow world that you never thought of before. Later, after passing through several old city walls left by the Liao State, the delegation arrived at the residence of Wu Mu Langjun in Pu Tat Village. It is very close to the heart of the Golden State. According to Jurchen tradition, the envoys who came to deal with them were all white-faced, Khitans, Bohais, Jurchens, or Xiren who could speak Chinese. The deputy envoys were generally readers in the Yanyun Han'er group, reflecting the stereotype of Jurchen on the delicate skin of the Song people and the good writing.
The traditional Jurchen style of eating made the Song Dynasty envoys unbearable
After accompanying the Envoy to dinner, the receptionist took them to the premises. It looks like a relatively simple thatched roof, the walls are all airtight mud walls, and it adopts a semi-cellar pattern to resist the low temperatures at night and in winter. But on the earthen bed, there are large pillows and thick mink quilts. Outside the building, there are also heavily armed Jurchen warriors, most of whom have round faces, are equipped with heavy armor, swords and strong bows, and are tall and thick. On the second day of arrival, the mission was finally introduced into the court to meet the new monarch. Due to the country's ingraination, the land of the Jurchen Shangjing Huining Province is flat, and the houses and tents are scattered and arranged in an orderly manner. The only common denominator is that all houses and tents have windows facing the sun. The newly established imperial city wall is only more than 1 zhang high, and although the majestic wooden palace has not yet been renovated with tiles, the buildings are already filled with rocks, rockeries, Buddha statues, and landscape paintings that are enough to fake the real thing. The palace is guarded by elite Jurchen warriors armed with long-handled bones, and thousands of craftsmen of various nationalities work day and night.
The equipment of the Jurchen warriors also made the Song people pay special attention
After Yan Wu begmai still received the Song envoy in the tent. He sat on a double-layered thick leather cushion, wearing a turban that resembled a sangha hat and a jade band around his waist, looking about 37-38 years old. In the face of the distinguished guests, he ordered the wine to be served and had a large plate of pine nuts, pastry, venison and goose meat all sent to the desk. He even cut the meat himself, and prepared for Song Ling a slice of oil-soaked pork called "meat plate" with a few shallots inserted on it. In addition, wheat cakes, steamed buns, pepper cakes and other pastries should be eaten with honey. Although the diet is rough and luxurious, the Jurchens use jade plates to pack fruits, gold utensils to fill wine, and eat with tortoiseshell decorated tableware. It embodies the original abundance and is not lacking in fine aspects.
After eating, the Jin people also let more than 200 singers and musicians from the Liaoguo Sect Come out to play music. After enjoying the entertainment of music, dancing flags, playing with knives and cards, poles, wrestling, cockfighting, etc., each messenger was given a gold belt or a silver belt, as well as a hundred and ten pieces of cloth.
The real cabaret show also has an element of showing off
Of course, the Jurchens also learned that the Song people had the custom of shooting salutes, so they asked the princes and nobles to change into the costumes of ordinary soldiers and compete with the emissaries. Each person has three arrows and is free to choose whether to shoot with a bow or a crossbow. Fortunately, the song dynasty's escort soldiers were also tried and tested border guards, so the chief guest did not feel embarrassed. After yan wu begged for money, he also rewarded the victors on both sides with clothes and famous horses. Finally, everyone carried out a dressing ceremony according to the Jurchen tradition. Participants exchange exquisite costumes, gold and silver or jade, and exchange keepsakes in a harmonious atmosphere, which seems to be happy and harmonious.
After fully enjoying the lavish reception of the Jurchens, the emissaries of the Jin Kingdom sent the Song envoys all the way back to the border. People on both sides drank and had fun along the way, and the female companion messenger even shed tears in her eyes, and was very nostalgic for her new partner. In fact, judging from other Records of Song Envoys, the early Jurchens were indeed simple and straight. Until the Song jin went to war, they did not show a bad attitude due to the change of the situation, and even treated the Song envoys with high-standard etiquette. Before leaving, he clearly told the other party that this was the last time we would feast on your envoys, and everyone would be the enemy from now on.
Yan Wu Begmai was destined to become a monarch who embarrassed the Northern Song Dynasty
The sorrow of the envoys
During the banquet, jinguo had already begun preparations for war
On his way back to China, Xu Kangzong had already witnessed the preparations for the Jin Dynasty. The Jurchens not only recruited Yan yun han'er in large numbers to join the army, but also busied themselves with collecting military food and armor battles from the Liao, Xi and Northern Song dynasties. There are also people who organize large-scale archery training. Except for the Song Dynasty, no opponent around it deserves such a big fight. The Northern Han Er also did not forget to remind the Song envoys that a big war was coming. The intention is both to remind, but the attitude is also to watch.
After returning to song land, Xu Kangzong found that the Han army from the former Liao state had already had a stalemate with the Northern Song dynasty troops, and the former repeatedly said that fanzi's treatment was better than that of the Great Song Forbidden Army because of its excellent treatment, and threatened to kill the latter directly. This undoubtedly lays a time bomb for future cooperation. The responsible Yanshan Fulu Security Envoy, who also knew Yanshan, was also sending a sealed military information report to Bieliang, indicating the ambitions of the Jin State.
Guo Yaoshi's Changsheng Army will become the vanguard force in destroying the Song Dynasty
But Xu Kangzong still had bitterness to say. Seeing the battlefield of the achievements of the former emperors and generals, now they are all outside the territory, but the optimism in the court has also sublimated into political correctness. Emperor Huizong of Song even issued a strange order: Those who dare to speak falsely and do things on the side will flow for three thousand miles, and the fine will be three thousand, and they will never be spared!
Therefore, he could only write all his worries into the notes of the book, "Xuanhe Yiwei's Itinerary to the Golden Kingdom". Silently waiting for the great flood of the era that is about to erupt. As for those who block the way, they are also doomed to pay for their own stupidity.