First, the network cable
Network cables are more familiar to everyone, and there are different transmission distances according to different specifications of network cables. If the network cable transmits the network signal, if it exceeds the distance that the network cable itself can withstand, the signal will attenuate, and when it is severe, the network signal will be interrupted.
Class V, class VI are 100 meters, regular oxygen-free copper Class 6 line can reach about 120 meters, if you want to increase the transmission distance, between the two twisted pairs can be installed repeaters, up to 4 repeaters can be installed. If 4 repeaters are installed to connect 5 network segments, the maximum transmission distance can reach 500m.
Second, optical fiber
The transmission distance of the network cable is limited and cannot solve the long-distance data transmission, so optical fiber can be used for long-distance transmission. Optical fiber is divided into multimode and singlemode, and the distance transmitted by multimode is farther than the network cable, but it is shorter than that of singlemode. In 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet, multimode fiber can support up to 2000 meters of transmission distance; and in 1Gbps Gigabit network, multimode fiber can support up to 550 meters of transmission distance; so multimode is now used less.
Single-mode fiber can support longer transmission distances than multimode fibers, and single-mode fibers can support transmission distances of more than 5000m in Ethernet to 1G Gigabit networks. Single-mode optical transceivers use twice as many devices as multimode optical transceivers, so the overall cost of single-mode optical transceivers is higher than that of multimode optical transceivers; single-mode optical transceivers can transmit distances of up to 150 to 200 km. So for long-distance transmission can be solved with optical fiber, such as remote monitoring projects.
3. HDMI cable
HDMI high-definition multimedia interface, generally used on high-definition displays, can be connected to hdmi monitors and displays, and now many network boxes can also be connected to the TV through the cable to transmit audio and video signals. The general HDMI signal transmission is less than 30 meters, so the maximum distance transmitted for the general quality wire is about 15 meters. So how does HDMI transmit over long distances? There are many ways to extend HDMI, and you can also use HDMI fiber optic cables, which can be used according to the actual situation.
1. You can use the conversion extender
The HDMI signal does not pass through other devices (transmission 120 meters). HDMI signals generally cannot be transmitted directly to more than 30 meters with HDMI cables, and there are almost no HDMI finished lines above 30 meters on the market. In this case, if it is only a simple transmission of HDMI signals to the display device, HDMI signals do not pass through other devices, we can use the method of network cable extension signal, with HDMI network cable extender to extend the signal, HDMI network cable extender is divided into the sending end (HDMI input, network cable output) and the receiving end (network cable input, HDMI output), can be extended 100 meters (Class 5 network cable), 120 meters (Class 6 network cable).
2. HDMI fiber optic extender
Of course, if you need to transmit farther, you can also use an HDMI fiber optic extender.
DVI
DVI is a digital video interface, the general DVI line can only effectively transmit the signal of about 5 meters, more than 5 meters will produce signal attenuation. This drawback greatly limits the popularity and application of DVI devices. DVI-D can only receive digital signals; DVI-I can receive both digital signals and analog signals, and the transmission distance is short, 7-15M.
V. VGA line
The VGA cable transmits an analog signal, which is a data transmission line that connects a computer graphics card to a monitor or television set and transmits information in this way. It is responsible for outputting the corresponding image signal to the display and is the bridge between the computer and the monitor. It has been widely used in the field of color displays, but it is easy to attenuate, the transmission distance is short, and it is susceptible to interference. But its transmission distance is stronger than HDMI and DVI, and its 3+4/6VGA transmission distance is 20-40M.
RS232 and RS485
1、RS232：
RS232 has a limited transmission distance, with a maximum transmission distance of 15 meters, and can only communicate point-to-point, with a maximum transmission rate of 20kB/s.
2、RS485：
The RS485 has a maximum transmission distance of 1219 meters. The maximum transmission rate is 10Mbps, and the maximum communication distance can be reached at a transmission rate of 100Kb/S.
Special cables with impedance matching and low attenuation can reach 1800 meters! More than 1200 meters, can be added repeaters (up to 8), so that the transmission distance is close to 10Km.
7. USB cable
The abbreviation usb (Universal Serial Bus) is an external bus standard that regulates the connection and communication of a computer to an external device. It is an interface technology applied in the PC field. The USB interface supports plug-and-play and hot-swap capabilities of the device. The effective distance specified by the USB protocol is 5 meters, and a longer USB extension cable can be used, and the quality of the cable is better. Inferior USB extension cables cannot reach 5 meters. Of course, if the USB cable is to be transmitted over a long distance, it can also use an extender.
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