In our sketch avatar
The performance of the facial features is particularly important
Especially the way the ears are drawn
It also tests the professional skills of the painter
The ears are not as visible as the rest of the human face
Many students do not pay much attention to the performance of the ears
It's often this casual
It is possible to make a good work mediocre
Today to talk about the ears in the sketch, is not many students can not draw the ears, the studio teacher is not often said that you paint the ears like pig ears, in fact, the ears as a human body facial features sketch there are many skills.
Don't think that the ears are not important Oh ~, only pay attention to the shaping of the eyes, nose and mouth, will lead to the overall incongruity of the picture, the examiner is easy to think that you are learning to draw for the exam, the foundation is not solid.
Structure of the ear
The ears are located on both sides of the head, between the atrium, and consist of the outer ear chakra, the inner ear chakra, the ear screen, the counter-ear screen, the earlobe and other parts. Except for the earlobe, which is a fatty body, the other parts are cartilage tissue.
Second, the characteristics of the ear
The ears naturally grow on the sides of our heads, and during our lifetime of growth, the changes are not very large, nor are they like the folds of facial muscles as we age, nor do we have rich expressions of facial muscles, eyes, and hands.
With the rotation of the head, the angle of the ear is constantly changing, the ear is spaced, and the relationship between the ear and the head can also well represent the space, front and back relationship of the person's head.
Third, the proportion relationship of the ear
The degree of inclination of the ear and the tilt of the bridge of the nose are generally close to parallel
The length of the ears and from the base of the nose to the arch of the eyebrow, the middle court can generally be considered equal
The widest part of the ear is about 1/2 of the length of the ear
Divide the ear height into three points, and the middle one is the position of the ear hole
For the proportional relationship, we study the general situation, first there are general and then there are special circumstances, in order to better grasp. When drawing special situations, there are general standards as a reference, so that you can be more confident of drawing special situations well.
How to draw good ears
If you want to draw a good ear, it is a top priority to be familiar with the structure and characteristics of the ear. The ear is long on the side of our head, if you do not grasp well, it is easy to insert the ear painting on one side, rather than growing naturally, so there are many places to pay attention to when painting, and the following will be combined with examples to explain in detail if you draw a good sketch of the ear.
1. The basic shape of the ear is quickly outlined with a pencil, the important parts of the ear are fixed, the relationship between light and dark of the picture is first expressed, and the basic prototype of the ear is roughly drawn with a paint pen with a color shade.
2. All the light and dark relationships on the basic shape just outlined are expressed, the place of blurring is atomized, the place where it should be darkened is darkened, and the three-dimensional sense of the ear is expressed; some places coincide with the hair, and the ear grows backwards, so the back position can be blurred, and each part is not focused on processing.
3. Wipe the dark part of the napkin again, while wiping the transition to the gray part, do not rub the dark part into the gray part, at this time you can see that the volume and space of the ear have come out.
4. Use the painting pen to carefully depict the dark part, and the contrast between the gray surface and the dark side is more intense, so that the sense of space and volume of the picture is more intense. At this time, we do not need to use the transition tone, but to express the volume of the ear.
5. In-depth portrayal, mainly to the dark part of the molding of the supplement, improvement, gradually transition to the bright part, the bright gray surface, the bright side according to the actual situation of the carved out one by one, here need to pay attention to is that the ear of the undulating point, such as the ear wheel nodule and downward walking of the outer ear wheel, the inward walk of the ear wheel foot and other concave and convex places to portray out, so that the sense of volume and space sense is more intense. There is also attention to the texture of the ear, which is also very important, the portrayal of texture will make the ear more like the ear, do not draw too stiff.
Ear painting points
The ear is mainly composed of four parts: the outer ear chakra, the inner ear chakra, the ear screen, and the earlobe. Among them, the outer ear chakra runs through the upper and lower parts of the ear, inside and outside, and from the inside to the outside, we must pay attention to the big turn of the points and points, and its shape changes are relatively rich. The outside is the thinnest part of the outer ear chakra, but the turning is the crispest, the cartilage sense is the strongest; the inner side is the turning point of the outer ear chakra inward, the shape is thicker, and the twist here should be strengthened in the treatment. The upper and lower parts of the inner ear chakra change very strongly, and the earlobe is full of shape, and a strong sense of physical space should be reflected when processing. However, the earlobe part is not composed of cartilage, and attention should be paid to the texture difference from the upper ear chakra part. The shape of the ear screen is the weakest, but the ups and downs are stronger, pay attention to the expression of these two faces. The portrayal of other places can be properly clear.
Considerations for ear painting
1 . When taking shape, pay attention to the interspersed relationship of the shape at that place.
2 . The structure of the ear is complex, and many small gray surfaces will be formed under the influence of light sources, and attention should be paid to the changes in the tonal level of these gray surfaces when expressing.
3 . Grasp a few darker dark sides of the ear, and you can't paint it.
4 . Adjust the chiaroscuro and projection lines so that their undulating changes are closely linked to the structure of the ear.
Seventh, the shaping of the ear
1. First of all, although the appearance characteristics of each person's ears are different, the structure is basically the same. Also, the ears are oblique when the head is level, and the overall tilt is similar to the bridge of the nose. Secondly, because most of the ears are composed of elastic cartilage tissue, the external morphology presents a feeling of circles in the square and a square in the circle, so the outer contour of the ear must be drawn with a sense of volume.
2. As shown in the following figure, through the portrayal of the body junction line, reflection, gray surface and bright surface, the sense of volume can be better shaped. Because the triangle fossa above the ear is mostly contained in the shadows, the light receiving surface, gray surface, junction line, reflection and projection on the ear wheel are the focus of our portrayal.
3. Compared with the ear wheel, the ear wheel and the earlobe, the ear screen, the triangle socket and the ear canal are relatively close in space, in order to open up the front and back space between them, we should appropriately weaken the black and white contrast of the back part when shaping. Moreover, the ear screen is not a simple two drum bags, it is composed of two protrusions, so it is necessary to reflect its volume by representing subtle changes in the junction line.
4. The earlobes are thick and thin, but regardless of thickness, they must reflect the sense of volume by drawing the junction line, arc surface, bright surface and reflection at the bottom. In addition, the part in front of the earlobe that connects with the head is not a simple straight line, and its undulating twists need to be carefully expressed according to different situations.
Angular characteristics of the ears
Front ears
The pattern of ear performance in the frontal overhead angle: the overall height of the ear that looks down becomes shorter. The top surface of the inner and outer pinna, ear socket, etc. increases, and the bottom surface disappears or becomes smaller. The overall perspective has a downward trend, and the upper width is narrower.
The law of ear performance in the frontal upward angle: the overall height of the ear that looks up becomes shorter. The top surface of the outer auricle, ear socket, etc. disappears, and the area of the bottom surface increases. The overall perspective has an upward trend, and the lower width is narrower.
Semi-lateral ears
Semi-lateral angle ear performance rules: the width of the semi-lateral ear is the largest. The inner and outer pinnas are narrower and the shadows are wider. The façade of the triangle fossa and the ear socket increases, and the area increases.
Full side ears
Full-sided angled ear performance is regular: the lateral ear as a whole becomes narrower and rectangular. The façade of the triangle fossa and the ear socket is further enlarged, and the sides of the inner and outer ear wheels, earlobes, and ear screens are further reduced, and the virtual and real changes caused by the spatial relationship between the front and back of the inner and outer ear wheels are noted.
The shape of the ear is irregularly shell-shaped, its contour is C-shaped, wide above and narrow below, and in the center is a concave bowl body. The ear part is mainly composed of several parts such as ear wheels, ear screens, triangle sockets and earlobes.
Ear wheel: Because the external form of the ear wheel presents a circle in the square and a square feeling in the circle, it is necessary to pay attention to the outer contour junction of the ear wheel, from top to bottom, thickness, depth and square rhythm, and also to distinguish the junction line, reflection, gray surface and bright surface on the ear wheel.
Ear screen: the ear screen, triangle socket and ear canal are larger than the ear chakra in space, and the ear wheel and the earlobe are behind, in order to open the space before and after the ear, we must appropriately weaken the black and white contrast of the back part, and pay attention to the relationship between primary and secondary and virtual reality in the portrayal.
Earlobe: When representing the object's earlobe, regardless of thickness, it is necessary to show the junction line at the bottom of the earlobe, gray surface, bright surface and reflection.
Triangle fossa: Most of the triangle fossa in the upper part of the ear is in the dark part, and the undulating changes of the projection shape formed on the ear wheel are the key to reflecting the volume of the ear.
From this figure, we can see that the black and white gray of the inner contour of the ear is very demanding.
Note: The ears are also characteristic, the outer contour line must be paid attention to, each model's ears have different characteristics, and the undulating changes must also be there.
Step by step:
The first step is to shape, to show some important chiaroscuro relationships in the ear first, pay attention to the different shades of these places, which places are heavier, which places do not use cards, are all exquisite.
The second step is to draw out all the chiaroscuro relationships in the ear, or pay attention to which places are heavy, which places are light, and the heavy places are heavy, and then the dark part is blurred, and the sense of space comes out. The back of the ear is also basically empty, because the ear is erect and has a distance from the hair, so the ear cannot be painted on the hair.
The position of the ear is close to the back of the head, in addition to the side ear, from the rest of the direction to see the ear is a relatively backward position, this position in the processing of the overall is to be virtual, but not too virtual, because in any case the ear is erect, and is also a position to be portrayed, so this degree must be grasped well. As shown in the figure below, the distance of the ear is relatively far, so it is necessary to follow the law of near and far, not the real size, but from the perspective of the near and far small. At the same time, we must also follow the principle of near reality and far away from virtuality.
The ears on the front side are more advanced than the facial features in space, and we do not have to deal with the special gray when dealing with it, but it cannot be stronger than the facial features. First we have to consider the facial features in a plane, then the cheekbones and ears, which can basically be divided into 2 large faces. The face of the facial features is slightly inclined, and the cheekbones and ears are a plane for this angle, so pay attention to these changes in the processing of the sense of space.
If you really can't, you can look at the high point, that is, the turning point, where the twist is undulating, and the line drawing is like this. The pinch point of the key point is marked in the figure, which can highlight the three-dimensional feeling of the ear.
The part of the opposite ear wheel angle is the highest place inside the ear, of course, this also varies from person to person, and women may be a little flatter, and the sense of volume will not be so strong. When we paint, we can be like a painting interlining, the highest point is the light, and then the gray surface, the heavy gray, the dark side, the dark side and the heavy gray side are stuck with a heavy color line, and this sense of volume comes out. The rest of the parts are like this, you just need to find a few bright colors of the ear, and then use the same method to portray, pay attention to the bright colors are also distinguished, the highest point is the brightest, and then in the downward row, pay attention to the bright side will not be brighter than the bright side of the face, after all the paintings can be lined up on the ear a set of lines, the overall void.
Note that these positions marked in the above figure all require heavy colors, so what is the basis for drawing these heavy colors? Of course, these places have a certain sense of space, they are not flat, but prominent, so heavy color is needed to pull away from the sense of space with the plane. One deep and one shallow, there is space
A key point is that the thickness of the earlobes should not be thin. Paper towel kneaded into a face, can not find the characteristic shape, squinting eyes, look at the shape of the cochlea, the cochlea is the entire dark part, the color is dark, this pinch point is still the strong turn, the ear is drawn in this way uneven, there is a three-dimensional sense.
Finally, some areas will be relaxed, adjust the shape, and the line will be good.
After reading it, do you think it is easier? In fact, yes, in a few key points,
The first is the shape and outer contour of the cochlea, the second is the thickness of the earlobe, the third is the pinch point to reflect the three-dimensional sense, and the fourth is the interspersed relationship of the ear structure.
To reveal to you a few ears of the little secret oh ~ ~ ~ cough, knock on the point!
The ears should not be drawn too straight, and in the place where the earlobe is close to the head, you can focus on pinching it, with special emphasis on the ear screen that protects the ear hole.
The inner ear chakra resembles a letter "y" that extends upwards to the outer ear chakra. There will be a projection, and drawing this projection can better represent the physical relationship of the inner ear chakra.
There is a pinch point at the earlobe, pay attention to it, here the twists are clear, but also to highlight the outer contour line.
The difference between the front and the side of the ear painting is that if you paint the front, the portrayal is not so deep, mainly focusing on shaping the face, and the side is more demanding, and what I said is well reflected in the picture, which will give you extra points for the picture.
Let's take a look at a few sketches of ears, whether they match oh.