Xu Zong (image from the Internet)
Civilized paper Vermilion ink overprint "Six Dynasties Wenxuan"
The academic achievements of the Qianjia school are manifested in many aspects such as annotation of classics, philology, phonology, epigraphy, history, geography, and so on. Due to the development of the times, the science and psychology since the Song and Ming Dynasties have gradually become abstract and mystical, becoming dead dogmas, thus detaching themselves from reality and gradually becoming factors hindering social development. At that time, a large number of previous cultural relics on the ground and underground were continuously excavated and discovered, such as bronzes, tablets, epitaphs, cliffs, statues, etc. The constant emergence of these new materials has both enriched the interpretations of the classics by earlier scholars and questioned the rigid dogmas of the classics. On the third hand, during the Qianjia period, scholars were still in a state of fear of the early Qing Dynasty literary prison, "because of the cruelty of the Shun, Kang, Yong, and Qian Dynasties literary prisons, scholars never talked about the actual affairs of the government of the dynasty" (Qian Mu, "Outline of National History"). "Scholars are under such high pressure that they have no choice but to make a living in the pile of old paper; and the so-called 'old paper' is only valuable for the long-standing scriptures. In this way, the energy of scholars is more concentrated on the scriptures. However, the more they made a living in the pile of old papers, the spirit of the Confucians in the early Qing Dynasty to 'apply what they had learned' became more and more reduced, and as a result, they became a simple study that focused on the training of famous things at the height of the moment. (Yang Donghuan's Speech on Chinese Academic History)
The Qing Dynasty scholar Xu Zhuo and his engraving of the "Golden Stone Cun" left a sample book
Daoguang Five-Year Zhu Mo Overprint "Six Dynasties Wenxuan"
Xu Zhuo wrote "Detailed Meaning of The Record of Washed Injustices" (picture from the Internet)