Precautions for driving on snowy and snowy roads in winter

As the weather gets colder and the snow and ice are getting closer and closer, this inevitably brings trouble to friends who travel by car. Driving on ice and snow roads, not to mention the 200,000 new drivers who have just hit the road, even some of the veteran drivers can not say that they have absolute certainty. So are there any tips for driving on snowy roads?

The basic characteristics of vehicles driving on snow and ice roads

First of all, it is necessary to understand and master the basic characteristics of the vehicle driving on ice and snow roads. In the case of ice and snow, the most important thing for the vehicle in driving is the vehicle braking problem. According to the normal standards stipulated by the state, the braking force of the four wheels should be equal, and if the braking force is not equal, the vehicle is easily skidded and deviated. Specifically, if the rear brake force is greater than the front wheel brake force, the vehicle will "drop the butt"; if the front wheel braking force is greater than the rear wheel braking force, the vehicle will deviate. The fatal cause of the vehicle's side skid deviation is that the brake shoes are too thin, and the serious ones will also lead to extremely weakened friction coefficients or brake failures. Therefore, when performing winter maintenance on the vehicle, attention should be paid to adjusting the braking device of the wheel.

In addition, the vehicle is driving on the ice and snow road, because the friction coefficient between the car tire and the road surface is reduced, the adhesion is greatly reduced, the car drive wheel is easy to slip or idling, especially when going uphill, starting, stopping, there will also be a phenomenon of sneaking after the car; if the vehicle suddenly accelerates or decelerates during the drive, it is easy to cause side slip and direction deviation; when braking urgently, the braking distance will be greatly extended, more than four times higher than the general dry road; due to the influence of ice and snow, Non-motorized vehicles or pedestrians sometimes have the problem of sudden falls or deviate from the normal direction of travel.

After understanding the driving characteristics of the vehicle on the ice and snow road, it is necessary to master different driving skills according to different situations.

Vehicles in the driving, facing different roads, different climates, to maintain a safe driving distance. Drivers should be mentally focused and deal with the situation in a timely and decisive manner. Especially driving on ice and snow roads, whether it is a new driver or an old driver, the most critical thing is to do: reduce the speed, collect the oil in advance; tap the brake, the engine brake; relax the distance, wide and narrow. Specifically, special attention should also be paid to the following aspects:

When starting on ice and snow roads, you should slowly refuel and slowly lift the clutch

If the wheel slips at the start, it can be hung into a higher gear than usual, such as a car can start in two gears, a truck can use three gears when it is empty, and a second gear when a heavy car starts. When the clutch is released, it is slower than usual, and adjusting the size of the transfer force is best solved with a semi-clutch amplitude. The throttle is smaller than usual when starting, as long as the engine doesn't turn off. Once the wheels have been turned, immediately change into the lower gear, you can normally refuel and go. These require the driver to change gears quickly, and the throttle, clutch, and gear coordination should be accurate.

Especially when starting on a slope, once the start slips, it is necessary to make full use of the method of tight direction to correct. The specific method is: when the front-wheel drive model slides sideways, immediately stop starting, slip back a little, let the front wheel avoid the smooth position to start again; rear-wheel drive models, the tail slides to the left, the direction is played to the left, the tail slides to the right, the direction is hit to the right, so that part of the side sliding force can be offset, and after the body is straightened, at the same time return to the right steering wheel, and then slowly start on the line.

According to the above practice, if the car is still unable to start, it should be spread under the drive wheels with sand, ash or weeds to increase the adhesion of the wheels; if the vehicle starts after the situation of slipping, it is necessary to step on the brake pedal in time to stop and then start again.

In driving, always keep driving at a low speed and smoothly

Since the braking distance increases with the increase of speed, controlling the speed and maintaining a large safe distance from the car in front of it are the keys to driving on snowy and ice roads. In general, urban roads should be controlled at a speed of 10 kilometers per hour, and ordinary suburban roads should not exceed 15 kilometers per hour, depending on the road and traffic environment. For maintaining a large safety distance, specifically, how high the driving speed, how long the safe driving distance should be maintained, such as the speed of 30 kilometers per hour, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 30 meters. Because the driver's fastest time from the detection of the situation to the time of stepping off the brake pedal is 0.03 seconds, and the mechanical reaction time also needs a distance of 8.33 meters. Therefore, if the speed of the vehicle is too fast, the safety distance between the two vehicles is short, and the consequences in case of emergency are unimaginable.

In addition, when driving long distances on ice and snow roads, in addition to following the above requirements, drivers should also wear colored glasses and carry anti-skid items such as snow chains and triangle iron with the car.

On ice and snow roads, it is forbidden to rush in the direction

When you need to steer, you should also slow down first, increase the turning radius appropriately and slow down the steering wheel. Hold the steering wheel with both hands and operate it evenly and gently, otherwise it will slip sideways. This is because the steering is too strong and the steering wheel is laterally shifted, causing the resistance of the front wheel of the vehicle to suddenly increase, and the phenomenon of throwing the tail out of the car under the action of inertia. Especially on the road in the mountainous area, sometimes the ice and snow pavement is intermittent, and when hitting the direction, it is best to take measures in advance to complete the break. If you are in a sharp direction on the ice and snow road, it is likely that a major traffic accident will occur due to skidding across the road or rushing out of the roadbed.

Drive on snowy and snowy roads, using as little foot brake as possible

Because driving on ice and snow roads is not allowed to neutral or turn off the taxi, so when it is necessary to slow down and stop, you should first use the "pull-off" brake of the engine to decelerate, so that the engine speed drops rapidly and forces the drive wheel speed to decrease. Models with ABS anti-lock braking systems should do so with or without. For example, when the vehicle is driving in 4 gears, first release the right foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal, the left foot quickly step on the clutch, change the gear to 3 gears, in case of emergency, you can also directly change from 4 gears to 2 gears or even 1 gears, and then lift the clutch, and then gently and repeatedly tap the brake pedal with the right foot to slowly stop.

Overtaking also requires learning

It is best not to overtake on snowy roads and follow the car in front of you with caution. Because the car in front of you has rolled the snow out of the ice rut, be more careful! It's best to let the ice rut be sandwiched between the two wheels and go around. If you have to change lanes if you want to overtake, don't hit the steering wheel and slowly drive out of the ice rut before overtaking. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the distance between the vehicles before and after the lane to be changed, and when you can overtake, turn on the turn signal first, look at the rearview mirror in the corresponding direction, and then change the lane when there is no danger. If the vehicle is stuck in the snow and cannot walk, without affecting the safety of other vehicles, you can hang up the reverse gear, lightly step on the accelerator and clutch to slowly reverse backwards, leave the slip area and then drive forward.

Good line of sight should be maintained in the front and rear windshields of the vehicle

Before driving on a snow day, first check whether the wiper and glass water are normal, because the snow on the roof will flow down from the front windshield after melting, and the mud thrown up during the driving of the front car will also splash on the windshield, at this time, it is necessary to spray glass water with the wiper to brush clean, in order to maintain a good driving line of sight. In the car, but also to open the electric defroster of the rear windshield, if the rear windshield fog will hinder the line of sight of the rearview mirror, the driver is not good at judging the situation of the vehicle behind. If there is fog on the glass on both sides of the front windshield and reflector, you can open the warm air switch in the car, and the large air volume blows away the fog on the glass, and you must not wipe the fog on the glass with cotton cloth or towels in your hand, otherwise, you may cause the disaster of killing yourself because of an easy small action.

Maintain a large lateral safety distance when meeting the car

When driving in and out of the main road, through intersections, left and right turns, meeting both sides of the car, and when encountering pedestrians and bicycles, take full care of others, give way politely, and always maintain a large lateral safety distance. Especially when some new drivers or cyclists are driving slowly, they should be more understanding, generally do not flash lights and whistle to urge, otherwise it will cause mental panic to others. Sometimes, bicycles and pedestrians may fall in the non-motorized lanes of mixed sections or on both sides of the alley, due to road slips, and drivers would rather stop and give way than rush to drive, avoiding possible personal injuries at any time.

Be sure to maintain a good mental state

For those experienced old drivers, although the ice and snow road is not terrible, it is also necessary to be cautious and slow, and deal with different situations. And the ice road is indeed a test for new drivers. As the saying goes, "to be soft and rigid", the various operations of driving a vehicle should be gentle. Especially on the overpass with a large slope, it is difficult to go up and downhill, it is easy to turn off, and new drivers can change to the auxiliary road to avoid the danger of driving in the bridge area many times. We must remember not to panic in the event of a sudden emergency, let alone make radical moves, but should be calm and calm, according to their own analysis and judgment, decisive handling.

In case of a traffic accident, you can't be grumpy and complain. Generally snow day driving speed will not be very fast, a collision or a scratch will not be too much of a problem, even if the problem is very serious, the accident is urgent is useless, hurry up to the police to find the police to deal with or through the insurance company to solve is not better?

In addition, ice and snow road driving should always pay attention to the gasoline meter, long-term low-speed driving and starting stop consumption is extremely large, generally lower than three-quarters of the fuel gauge indication should be as soon as possible to the gas station to fill up the gas.