Inaugural issue of Red China
On December 11, 1931, Red China was founded in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, and was initially the organ of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic. On February 7, 1933, from the 50th issue, it was changed to a central organ newspaper jointly organized by the Communist Party of China, the Central Workers' and Peasants' Government, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the Chinese Communist Youth League.
In October 1934, after the Long March of the Central Red Army, Qu Qiubai, who remained in the Central Soviet Region, overcame various difficulties and still insisted on publishing several issues, and then temporarily suspended publication. A total of 240 issues were published at this stage, with a circulation of about 40,000 to 50,000 copies at the highest, making it the newspaper with the largest circulation and the greatest influence in the Central Soviet Region. After the Long March of the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, on November 25, 1935, the newspaper resumed publication in Wayao Fort in northern Shaanxi. After the resumption of publication, the previous issue number was continued, starting from the 241st issue.
Later, the Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully, and the anti-Japanese national united front developed greatly. In order to facilitate the Party Central Committee to guide the people at home in a timely manner in their struggle to consolidate peace, the CPC Central Committee decided to rename "Red China" to "New China News", which will continue the previous issue number. At this point, "Red China" has completed its historical mission.
At the beginning of the creation, "Red China" did not set up column classification, and basically simply typeset the relevant content. From the 4th issue, a column entitled "Special Telegram" was set up, which published two telegrams: the Red Army of Eyu and Anhui conquered Huang'an and the Red Fourth Army captured Hongshizhai in Shicheng. After that, its column setup became more and more perfect, and its content gradually became richer, in addition to the "Editorials", "Important News", "Special Telegrams", "Provisional Central Government Bulletins", "Soviet Construction", "Central Soviet District News", "Workers' and Peasants' Newsletter", "Red Soldiers' Newsletter" and other regular columns; there are also some special columns, such as "Commandos", "Iron Hammers", "Iron Rods", and "Iron Hammers of the Proletariat", which mainly expose backward phenomena in the Soviet Union; and "Questions and Answers", which answer and explain the questions of the people or grass-roots government workers. Interpretation of Decrees", etc.; the column "Soviet Court", which mainly publishes the judgments and resolutions of various judicial departments.
"Red China" also opened up some unconventional columns according to the needs of propaganda and reporting in a certain period. On June 23, 1934, a column entitled "Anti-Japanese Front" was opened, mainly covering anti-Japanese activities inside and outside the Soviet Union; on January 16, 1936, the "Social Page" was opened to show the new social outlook of the Soviet Union and so on.
In addition, "Red China" also founded a literary and art supplement "Red Flame", which specially published live newspapers, poems, and novels created by literary and art workers in revolutionary base areas. These rich and diverse columns published a large number of policy documents, news, editorials, and reports on the construction of political, economic, cultural, social, and other political power in the Soviet union, showing the progress of the construction of the Soviet region inside and outside the Soviet region, so that the party's principles and policies could be implemented in a timely manner among the people and masses of the Soviet union. At the same time, it also reported on the international and domestic situation, publicized the achievements of socialist construction in the Soviet Union, reported on the aggressive acts of Japanese imperialism, and exposed the political deception of the Kuomintang regime.
The editorial community is experienced
The development of "Red China" can be improved day by day, which is very related to the newspaper's group of editors with great fighting spirit and high professional ability. Among them were students who had returned from staying in the Soviet Union,--Wang Guanlan, Yang Shangkun, Shakov,"; there were leading personnel who held important posts in government departments--Zhou Yili and Qu Qiubai;and there were also workers' and peasants' correspondents who had cultivated and grown up from the grass-roots masses--Han Jin and He Jian. Zhou Yili, Wang Guanlan, Li Yihao, Shakov, Qu Qiubai, Ren Qianbin, Xiang Zhonghua, and others who successively served as the chief writer or editor-in-chief of the newspaper, and Li Bozhao, Xu Mingzheng, Han Jin, and Bai Yanbo were the editors. Most of the chief editors-in-chief of the newspaper have more or less experience in running newspapers and periodicals before. Among them were editors with many years of experience; Zhou Yili was the editor of Bolsevik magazine, a central organ publication; Wang Guanlan, during his tenure as the acting director of the Propaganda Department of the Fujian-Guangdong-Gansu Special Committee of the CPC, edited the special committee organ newspaper "Red Flag Daily"; Qu Qiubai served as the editor-in-chief of the Communist Party organ publication "New Youth", and also served as the editor of "Guide" and "Forward"; and edited the first daily newspaper founded by the Communist Party, "Hot Blood Daily".
The editorial group of "Red China" has strong professional ability and rich work experience, which provides an important organizational team guarantee for the development of the newspaper. Moreover, the chief editor-in-chief of the newspaper mostly held certain positions in the Soviet government. The first chief writer, Zhou Yisu, was then a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic and a member of the People's Commissar of internal affairs. Qu Qiubai edited "Red China" at that time, he was the minister of education of the central government of the Chinese Soviet, and later the president of the Soviet University. To a certain extent, the work of a government functionary concurrently serving as the editor-in-chief of a newspaper ensures the political direction of running a newspaper, which also reflects the importance attached by the Provisional Government of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union to the editorial work of "Red China" and shows that the newspaper occupies an important position in the construction of Soviet power.
"Guidelines of the Soviet Movement"
At the time of the founding of "Red China", the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign had just been won, and it was faced with the question of how to quickly gain recognition on a larger scale and step up the consolidation of Soviet power. After its inception, Red China became an important public opinion and propaganda position for the consolidation and development of Soviet power, a weapon for organizing mobilization, and a platform for guiding the work, thus participating in the construction of Soviet power. The "Publication Speech" specified the purpose of running the journal: "To give play to the active leadership role of the central government over the Soviet movement in China, and to achieve the establishment of a solid and vast Soviet base area." To create a large-scale Red Army, to organize a large-scale revolutionary war in order to overthrow the rule of the imperialist Kuomintang, to make the revolution the first victory in one province or several provinces, in order to achieve victory throughout the country. Specifically, the newspaper has achieved remarkable results in this regard:
The first is to carry out revolutionary mobilization. The Communist Party of China has always attached great importance to the mobilization role of newspapers, and as early as the period of the Great Revolution before the beginning of the "criticism of weapons," it regarded "the weapons of criticism" as an important means of mobilization, and in the words of Mao Zedong, running newspapers well is not only "not to be underestimated," but also has "principled significance." The Soviet revolution is an arduous struggle led by the Communist Party of China to establish Soviet power in rural areas, and it is necessary to achieve a high degree of concentration of people, money and materials in a short period of time, which is inseparable from the work of revolutionary mobilization, and "Red China" bears this heavy burden. The "Publication Speech" stressed the need to "organize the broad masses of workers and peasants in the Soviet region to actively participate in Soviet power" and "enthusiastically participate in the work of Soviet power." Therefore, the newspaper adopted a variety of ways, mobilizing the masses to participate in the economic, political, cultural and social construction of the Soviet power, and mobilizing the people to actively participate in the activities initiated by the Soviet government is an important task of the newspaper.
The second is to launch public opinion propaganda. "Red China" is the "mouthpiece of the Chinese Soviet movement" and a powerful propaganda position created by the Communist Party of China and the Soviet government. On the one hand, it is an important task of the newspaper's public opinion propaganda to actively publicize the political propositions, principles, and policies of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Government and to create and guide positive public opinion on the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Government; on the other hand, it is an important task of the newspaper's public opinion propaganda to expose the conspiracy of imperialism, the Kuomintang warlords and all reactionary political factions to attack the revolution and deceive the workers and peasants, and to get rid of the influence of negative public opinion.
The third is to provide work guidance. "Red China" is an important "weapon" for the Soviet government to guide its work, directly cooperating with the daily work of the government and becoming a working platform for government management. The "Publication" pointed out: "To guide the practical work of the Soviets at all levels, to correct the shortcomings and errors of the Soviets at all levels in their work", "to establish a solid and competent Soviet power". The newspaper therefore asked the comrades who read the newspaper to "write down his opinions and work experience on the Soviets and publish them in this newspaper, so that this newspaper can become the guideline of the Soviet movement." It can be seen that conducting work guidance is another important task of the newspaper.
"Red China" was the first central organ newspaper founded by the Communist Party of China in the Central Soviet Region during the agrarian revolutionary war. After its inception, it cooperated with the central work of the Party, actively carried out public opinion propaganda for the consolidation and development of Soviet power, promoted the progress of political power building in various base areas, and at the same time played a unique role in promoting party building. "Red China," which was revived in Yan'an, also actively served the overall situation of subordinating itself to the anti-Japanese national united front, expressed the idea that the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Government should unite to resist Japan, publicized and reported the principles and policies of the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Government on the anti-Japanese national united front, and had a positive impact on the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.
"Red China" is an exemplary work of the Communist Party of China in using the Party newspaper to guide and carry out revolutionary work, an important medium for the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Government to carry out revolutionary mobilization, public opinion propaganda and work guidance, actively disseminate the political ideas, principles and policies of the Party and the Soviet Government, and make important contributions to the partial ruling of the Communist Party of China.
Source | People's Political Consultative Conference Daily
Edit | Yes
Editor| Thoughts
Audit | Rocks
Selected from previous periods
