【Red Pavilion Forum】Deeply understand the historic achievements and historic changes in the new era

Text/Qu Qingshan

The author is the president of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

Source: Qiushi, No. 1, 2022

Historical cognition is an important foundation of historical self-confidence. The more comprehensive the understanding of the historical process, the more profound the grasp of historical laws, the richer the party's historical wisdom, and the more active it will be in grasping the future. At the special democratic life meeting on party history study and education held by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee from December 27 to 28, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized this.

The "Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centenary Struggle" (hereinafter referred to as the "Resolution"), which was deliberated and adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a Marxist programmatic document; it is a political declaration of Chinese communists in the new era to keep firmly in mind their original mission and mission, uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics; and an action guide for taking history as a mirror, creating the future, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

The "Resolution" comprehensively sums up the major achievements and historical experience of the party's century-old struggle, and is of extremely great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for promoting the whole party to increase wisdom, enhance unity, increase confidence, and enhance fighting spirit, to understand the laws of history, enhance historical consciousness, grasp historical initiative, and strengthen historical self-confidence, to keep firmly in mind the mission of the original heart, to inherit the red gene, to promote the whole party to further unify its thinking, unify its will, and unify its actions, and to unite and lead the people of all nationalities throughout the country to win the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

One

The "Resolution" clearly divides the party's century-long struggle course into four historical periods, namely, the period of the new democratic revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Judging from the length occupied by each historical period, the fourth part, "Creating a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics," uses the most ink and ink and occupies the largest space, more than one-half of the "Resolution." If we say that the first part, "Winning the Great Victory of the New Democratic Revolution," the second part, "Completing the Socialist Revolution and Advancing Socialist Construction," and the third part, "Carrying Out Reform, Opening Up, and Socialist Modernization," are the "big strokes" in the course of the party's century-long struggle, the fourth part is the "work strokes" in the party's century-long struggle.

Why did the "Resolution" make such a layout and arrangement, and what kind of considerations did it have?

First, our Party has systematically summed up the history of the first three periods. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his explanation of the Resolution: "The history of the Party during the period of the new democratic revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, the third plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the first two historical resolutions have been systematically summarized; the achievements and experiences of the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization have been seriously summarized by the Party Central Committee on the twentieth and thirtieth anniversaries of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party. I delivered a speech at the conference celebrating the fortieth anniversary of reform and opening up, and also made a systematic summary. For the first and second historical periods, the summary of the first two historical resolutions "the basic expositions and conclusions of which are still applicable today". For the third historical period, the serious summary carried out by the Party Central Committee and the systematic summary of General Secretary Xi Jinping are still of great guiding significance.

After arduous struggle, Chinese achieved the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way on the land of China with their own hands, won the battle against poverty, and historically solved the problem of absolute poverty. The picture shows the winning work of the 4th China Picture Contest Cuckoo Special Award, "Daqing 3100 Smiling Faces blooming happy pictures of poverty alleviation households", which was completed by the Daqing Photographers Association in a puzzle way, and the main picture is Wang Yulan, a poverty alleviation household.

Second, the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an intermediate link between the past and the future, one end connected to the past and the other to the future. The past, the present, and the future are connected, and today comes from yesterday, and tomorrow comes from today. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphatically pointed out in his explanation of the Resolution: "Highlighting the key point of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is conducive to guiding the whole party to further strengthen confidence, focus on what we are doing, and enter a new journey and a new era of meritorious service with a more lofty attitude." ”

Third, perceptual understanding needs to rise to rational understanding in a timely manner. Comrade Mao Zedong once said: "Our practice proves that we cannot immediately understand what we feel, and only what we understand can we feel it more deeply." Feeling only solves the problem of phenomena, and theory solves the problem of essence. "Only by summing up, summarizing, and refining, and scientifically abstracting the things we feel, from this to the other, from the table to the inside, can we understand the essence of things, grasp the laws of history, enhance historical consciousness, and carry forward the spirit of historical initiative." The new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics was created by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, and the unity of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country. Every Chinese is a participant, a witness, a practitioner of this era. Although everyone has personal feelings and personal experiences about the new era, if they do not systematically summarize and do not rise to the height of rational understanding in time, then these feelings and experiences are still only in the emotional, partial, and incomplete stage, and it is inevitable that they will have one-sidedness and historical limitations.

The "Resolution" concentrates the wisdom of the whole party, carries forward democracy, pools the wisdom of the masses, and conscientiously and timely takes stock, sorts out, and sums up the new era, which undoubtedly plays an extremely important role and significance in maintaining the good momentum of development in the past and continuing to forge ahead in an indomitable fighting posture.

Two

The part of the "Resolution", "Creating a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics", reviews the extraordinary course of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, uniting and leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to forge ahead, fully reflects the latest achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era, and systematically summarizes the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country in the new era.

To study and comprehend this part of the "Resolution," we first need to understand and grasp the decisive significance of the "two establishments." The "Resolution" profoundly summed up the party's century-old struggle and the great practice since the Eighteenth National Congress of the party, and came up with a major political conclusion, that is, "two establishments." The "Resolution" pointed out: "The party's establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping's core position as the core of the party central committee and the core of the whole party, and the establishment of the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era reflect the common aspirations of the whole party, the whole army, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and are of decisive significance to the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era and to the historical process of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." The foothold and key point of this major political thesis lies in the sentence "It is of decisive significance to the development of the cause of the party and the state in the new era and to the promotion of the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."

In what historical context and under historical conditions were the "two establishments" established? It was established under the new stage of development and the new historical orientation of the new era. What kind of era is the new era? What is the connotation? The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China has a special paragraph for discussion, and the "Resolution" has further emphasized it. The "Resolution" pointed out: "The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has made overall plans to grasp the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world in a hundred years, emphasizing that the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an era of inheriting the past and opening up the future, and continuing to win the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions, an era of decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and then comprehensively building a socialist modern power, and an era in which the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country unite and struggle and constantly create a better life. The era of gradually realizing the common prosperity of all the people is an era in which all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are working hard with one heart and one mind to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and an era in which the mainland is constantly making greater contributions to mankind. This is the connotation and characteristics of the five aspects of the new era, and these five aspects also determine the goal of struggle and the historical task of our party in this historical stage. The "Resolution" points out: In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the main task facing the party is to achieve the first centenary goal, start a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal, and continue to advance toward the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It can be seen from this that the new era has marked the development of the cause of the party and the state in a new historical position.

It is precisely in the historical orientation of the new era that General Secretary Xi Jinping, with deep people's feelings, outstanding political wisdom and strong mission, has led the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to carry forward the great spirit of historical initiative, solved many difficult problems that have long been wanted to be solved but have not been solved, and accomplished many major things that were wanted to be done in the past but have not been accomplished, and promoted the cause of the party and the country to achieve historic achievements and historic changes. In this process, General Secretary Xi Jinping has become the well-deserved core of the party, the leader of the people, and the commander of the army, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era has come into being and followed the trend. Among them, the "first establishment" was established at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the "second establishment" was established at the Nineteenth National Congress of the Party. The "two establishments" are the inevitable conclusions drawn from summing up the magnificent course of the new era, and have been proved completely correct by practice.

In a mature Marxist political party, the establishment of a strong leadership core always complements and promotes the guidance of scientific thought. The great struggle in the new era has produced the party's strong leadership core, and the party's strong leadership core has led the great struggle in the new era; the great practice of the new era has bred and spawned the party's innovative theory, and the party's innovative theory has led the great practice of the new era. The strong core, advanced ideas and extraordinary undertakings reflect each other, and in the process of interaction and mutual change, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.

The "two establishments" are not only the most important political achievements and the most valuable historical experience since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, but also a solemn historical conclusion drawn from profoundly summing up the Party's century-long struggle. Establishing a mature and stable leadership core and establishing the guiding position of scientific theories has always had a bearing on the success or failure of the party's cause and on the party's future and destiny. During the revolutionary war years, the Zunyi Conference in 1935 actually established Comrade Mao Zedong's leading position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative in the Party Central Committee, began to form the first generation of the Party's central leading collective with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core, and saved the Party, the Red Army, and the Chinese revolution at the most critical juncture, becoming a turning point in the history of the Party. In the following 10 years, from the Zunyi Conference to the Seventh National Congress of the Party, it is precisely because of the gradual formation of the party's first generation of central leading collectives with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core that our party can better sum up historical experience and conduct theoretical thinking from the height of the overall situation and strategy, so that Mao Zedong Thought will continue to develop and mature, and guide the Chinese revolutionary ship to ride the wind and waves and sail triumphantly to the other side of the glorious shore. Writing the "two establishments" into the "Resolution" is not only the result of historical development and the crystallization of historical struggle, but also the enlightenment of historical experience and the manifestation of historical laws, which fully demonstrates our party's high degree of historical consciousness and historical self-confidence.

Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall. By adhering to and safeguarding the "two establishments," our party will be able to adhere to the correct direction of progress under the complex conditions of the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the in-depth evolution and interaction of the great changes in the world that have not occurred in a hundred years, ride the wind and waves without getting lost, and constantly push forward the cause of the party and the people; it will always grasp the law of development, use the scientific world outlook and methodology to plan the development of the cause, cope with risks and challenges, and lead the people of all nationalities throughout the country to constantly open up the bright prospects for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Three

We can understand and grasp the historic achievements and changes that have taken place in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the two levels of theoretical innovation and practical change.

——From the level of theoretical innovation, deeply grasp the latest achievement of the sinification of Marxism, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. How did Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a What kind of scientific connotation, historical status and great significance does this idea have? The Resolution comprehensively and profoundly expounds this. The "Resolution" pointed out that since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communists with Comrade Xi Jinping as the main representative have persistently integrated the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific reality and with China's excellent traditional culture, adhered to Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thinking of the "three represents" and the scientific concept of development, profoundly summed up and fully applied the historical experience since the founding of the Party, and proceeded from the new reality to create Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era. The "two combinations" mentioned here are a deepening and improvement of our party's understanding of this issue and an important theoretical innovation.

General Secretary Xi Jinping made profound thinking and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the cause of the party and the country in the new era, and on major issues of the times such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the new era, how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, what kind of socialist modern power to build, how to build a socialist modern power, what kind of Long-term ruling Marxist political party to build, how to build a long-term ruling Marxist political party, etc. Put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country. The Resolution expands the major issues of the times answered by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era from "one major issue of the times" in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to "three major issues of the times".

General Secretary Xi Jinping is the main founder of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism, Marxism in the 21st century, the essence of the Times of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, and has achieved a new leap in the sinification of Marxism. Of the above four sentences, the first, second, and fourth sentences began to be spoken after the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and have been speaking all along, and this time they were clearly written into the "Resolution." The phrase "the essence of the times of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit" is a new evaluation given by the Resolution to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which was officially put forward in the party document for the first time.

On the basis of the "Eight Clears" in the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the "Resolution" uses the "Ten Clears" to further summarize the scientific connotation and core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era.

The first is to make it clear that the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force, and the whole party must enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", and achieve "two safeguards".

This article refers to the eighth clear "the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the party is the highest political leadership force" mentioned here, adding the expression that "the whole party must strengthen the 'four consciousnesses', strengthen the 'four self-confidences', and achieve 'two safeguards'".

The second is to clearly uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the general task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; on the basis of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, we will walk in two steps to build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful socialist modern power in the middle of this century, and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.

This article adds the expression "promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization".

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has placed scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and made strategic planning and systematic deployment. A large number of major innovative achievements are emerging, some frontier fields have begun to enter the stage of running and leading, and scientific and technological strength is moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, from point breakthrough to system capability improvement, which has significantly enhanced its supporting role in promoting economic and social development, improving the country's comprehensive strength, and meeting the people's growing needs for a better life. The picture shows the scene of the "5G + Industrial Internet Achievements Exhibition" of the China Optics Valley Science and Technology Convention and Exhibition Center taken on November 20, 2021. Xinhua News Agency, Wu Zhizun/Photo

The third is to make it clear that the main contradiction in mainland society in the new era is the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, and we must adhere to the people-centered development thinking, develop people's democracy in the whole process, and promote the all-round development of the people and the common prosperity of all the people to achieve more obvious substantive progress.

This article adds the expressions "people's democracy in the whole process of development" and "more obvious substantive progress has been made".

The fourth is to make it clear that the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a five-in-one integration of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction, and the strategic layout is to comprehensively build a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepen reform, comprehensively govern the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly govern the party strictly.

This article expresses the "five in one" and "four comprehensives" in the "eight clear-cuts". These two concepts appeared for the first time in the "Resolution", and after expanding, they can make the reader more clearly understand the connotation of "five in one" and "four comprehensive".

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has grasped the construction of ecological civilization with unprecedented intensity, and the protection of the ecological environment in the mainland has undergone historic, turning and overall changes. Heiquan Village in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, has been disturbed by wind and sand for a long time, and after decades of unremitting efforts by local villagers, the raging "Yellow Dragon" has been firmly locked by layers of "green nets" and realized "green and rich together". The picture shows the windproof sand fixation forest belt of Xishawo under the Qilian Mountains. Zheng Yaode/Photo

The fifth is to clarify that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The sixth is to clearly and comprehensively promote the overall goal of governing the country according to law, and to build a Socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country ruled by law.

These two articles are original.

Seventh, it is clear that it is necessary to adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, so that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, better play the role of the government, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other, promote high-quality development, and coordinate development and security.

This one is brand new.

Eighth, it is clear that the party's goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a people's army that obeys the party's command, can win battles, and has a fine work style, and builds the people's army into a world-class army.

This article is the original.

The ninth is to make it clear that major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics should serve national rejuvenation, promote human progress, promote the construction of a new type of international relations, and promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

This article adds the expression "serving national rejuvenation and promoting human progress".

The tenth is to clearly define the strategic principle of comprehensively and strictly administering the party, put forward the general requirements for party building in the new era, comprehensively promote the party's political, ideological, organizational, work style, and discipline building, run system building through it, deeply promote the anti-corruption struggle, implement the political responsibility of managing the party and governing the party, and lead the great social revolution with a great self-revolution.

This article retains the expression "putting forward the general requirements for party building in the new era" and places it at the end of the "ten clear-cuts", echoing the party's leadership from beginning to end.

The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China summarizes the core content of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era from two aspects, on the one hand, the "eight clears" from the ideological and conceptual level, and the "fourteen adherences" from the basic strategic level. The Resolution enriches and develops the "Eight Clears" into the "Ten Clears", reflecting that since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has been further enriched and developed in practice. The "Ten Clears" are a re-summarization and refinement of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and are a major achievement of the party's understanding of the law of the Communist Party's governance, the law of socialist construction, and the law of the development of human society.

——From the level of practical change, we should deeply grasp the new achievements of practice in the new era. The "Resolution" systematically expounds the major strategies, major work and major measures launched by the Party since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, focusing on summarizing the original ideas, transformative practices, breakthrough progress and landmark achievements.

These 13 aspects are: adhering to the party's overall leadership, comprehensively and strictly administering the party, economic construction, comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, political construction, comprehensively governing the country according to law, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, national defense and army building, safeguarding national security, adhering to "one country, two systems" and promoting the reunification of the motherland and diplomatic work. If we compare the 13 aspects of the "Resolution" with the 14 aspects of the basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era expounded in the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we will find that 13 aspects are mainly from the practical level, and the "fourteen adherences" are from the perspective of strategy, the former is the development and deepening of the latter in the field of practice, and at the same time the development and deepening of the "Ten Clears" in the field of practice.

The exposition of each of the 13 aspects of the "Resolution" is generally carried out in accordance with the historical context, the background of the times, the process of practice, the chronological order, the logical relationship, and the specific content. The content of the narrative is in various fields, under what kind of historical conditions, what kind of problems General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee are facing, what kind of thinking they have made, what kind of strategies they have put forward, what kind of measures they have taken, how they have led the whole party and the people of all nationalities in the country to do it, how they have done it, and what kind of results have been finally achieved. It can be said that it is a comprehensive summary and comprehensive display of the achievements and experience of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core in governing the country in the new era.

These historic achievements are comprehensive and groundbreaking. For example, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way on the land of China, comprehensively winning the battle against poverty, and historically solving the problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years; the mainland's GDP has exceeded the 100 trillion yuan mark, and its per capita GDP has exceeded 10,000 US dollars, ranking among the ranks of the world's middle-income countries; the mainland has achieved a large number of landmark achievements in basic and frontier fields such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration engineering, supercomputing, quantum communications, large aircraft manufacturing, and aircraft carriers, and has achieved a certain number of landmark results in some fields, from "following up" to "running" to " And run", "lead" leap; build the world's largest social security system, 1.02 billion people have basic pension insurance, 1.36 billion people have basic medical insurance, people's living standards have improved significantly...

These historic changes are deep and fundamental. For example, we have persisted in administering the party in an all-round and strict manner, vigorously grasped the building of work style from the implementation of the spirit of the eight provisions of the central authorities, carried out the anti-corruption struggle with a zero-tolerance attitude, realized the transformation of managing the party and administering the party from lax and soft to strict and rigid, won an overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle and comprehensively consolidated it; persisted in comprehensively deepening reform with the overall goal of perfecting and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the state governance system and governance capacity; basic institutional frameworks in all fields have been basically established, and historic changes and systematic reshaping have been realized in many fields. Integral reconstruction; adhere to the requirements of entering a new stage of development, firmly establish a new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other, and realize the fundamental change of the traditional development concept and development model...

Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the most fundamental reason for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country is that General Secretary Xi Jinping, as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole Party, is at the helm and leading the way, and that there is a scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era.

This is the conclusion drawn by history, this is the answer given by practice, this is the judgment made by the people.