With the rapid development of computer technology, integrated wiring systems are also changing, but the overall goal is to move in two directions, as follows:
1) Next generation wiring system integrated wiring system;
2) Intelligent building, intelligent community wiring system.
Integrated Cabling System is simon's total building integration cabling (TBIC) system launched in early 1999 according to the needs of the market. The TBIC system extends the range of applications of structured cabling systems to support remote transmission of voice, data and weak current signals from all building automation systems with twisted pair, fiber optic cable and coaxial cable as the main transmission medium. A fully open, integrated information highway was laid for the building. Its purpose is to provide the building with an integrated cabling platform that will truly become a plug&play building.
The basic idea of an integrated cabling system is:
"The comprehensive support of the current structured wiring system and the sound and data system brings us an enlightenment, whether we can use the same or similar integrated wiring ideas to solve the integrated wiring problem of the building self-control system, so that the building control system is like a telephone/computer, becoming a plug-and-play system."
Simon explains the integrated cabling system as follows.
1. The current situation and problems of the overall building wiring system
The commonality of each weak current system is the wiring system. Traditionally, different application systems (such as telephones, network systems and building automation systems) within the building have had their own independent wiring systems in different historical periods, and they are not related to each other. The design and construction of the system are also completely separate. The process seems simple and easy to manage, but during the operational phase, it is difficult to enhance the new system or expand the system, because all the cables have a specific purpose. Cabling systems lack versatility and rapid and flexible scalability.
The birth of the Structured Cabling System solved the problem of integrated wiring of telephone and network systems. It is independent of the application system, supports multi-vendor and multi-system applications, and is flexible and convenient to configure to meet current and future needs. Structured cabling has long since become an international standard, providing the building with integrated telecommunications system support services.
Looking at other subsystems in the building, such as air conditioning automatic control system, lighting control system, security monitoring system, etc., it still uses separate wiring belonging to each in-use system. This status quo is similar to telephone and network cabling before the advent of structured cabling systems– which lack openness, flexibility, and standardization. This way of wiring is often changed from power line wiring, which obviously has traces of the industrial era. This is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Service of a structured cabling system to a building
The development of science and technology is step-by-step, and only when people feel the existence of the problem will there be a new solution. There are many problems with this current situation of separate wiring, such as:
□ add new systems and control points to be rewired;
□ integrated network requires integrated cabling to support;
□ increasingly fast data transfer speeds require high-speed transmission cables.
The automatic control system has been learning from the network system, and as the network transmission speed continues to accelerate, the control system's requirements for network speed will become faster and faster. Therefore, it needs to be incorporated into the network cabling system for comprehensive consideration, specifically:
□ shared sensors, such as air conditioning automation systems and lighting control systems, require flexible cabling
□ digital trends make low-level sensors/actuators increasingly involved in digital transmission
□ personal environmental control system
2. Integrated wiring system of the overall building - TBIC system
Siemon introduced a new cabling system TBIC (Total Building Integration Cabling) system in response to market needs, that is, the overall building integrated wiring system, which aims to provide an integrated wiring platform for the building, with twisted pair, optical cable and coaxial cable as the main transmission medium to support the transmission of voice, data and various building self-controlled weak current signals. The TBIC system supports all system integration scenarios, which makes the building a true plug-and-play building, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Services of the Simon TBIC system to the building
3. The role and significance of TBIC system
(1) Support for the demonstration period of the building
□ system integration support. With today's system integration technology still immature, it is one of the functions of TBIC to equip the building with the ability to continuously equip new systems in the future.
TBIC gives the building the ability to continuously learn. The owner can reasonably choose the system according to the specific characteristics of the building, the availability of funds and the technical level at that time, and comprehensively consider the key issues such as which system to go up and when to go up, while not worrying about the need for future expansion and adoption of new technologies. Because integrated cabling provides a plug-and-play physical platform for the building. As technology evolves, many new applications will emerge, and the plug-and-play functionality of integrated wiring makes it easy to enhance the new system.
□ is conducive to fair competition. The unified cabling platform simplifies system selection by making quotations between different contractors belonging to the same application more comparable, making system selection more transparent.
□ gives the owner greater autonomy. There is a famous market sales case: a razor manufacturer sends a razor for free, and when the product is accepted by the market, it increases the price of the blade, so that the user spends more money to buy the manufacturer's patented blade. The unified and open wiring platform makes the application system replacement and upgrading more selective. TBIC returns greater autonomy in selecting products to users, which is conducive to eliminating the passive situation of "riding the tiger".
(2) Support for the design period of the building
The designer uniformly considers the wiring scheme of the building, which is conducive to taking into account the interconnection requirements of the entire building, designing the wiring at the height of the system, uniformly designing the cables, making full use of resources, and protecting user investment. At the same time, this also puts forward higher requirements for design.
(3) Support for the construction period of the building
□ wiring system construction. A wiring construction team to carry out unified wiring construction, the use of the same cable and wiring methods, not only reduce the comprehensive cost of materials and labor, but also greatly reduce the probability of different construction teams at the same time and the same place construction, reducing the resulting construction management difficulties.
□ application system construction. For the application system, pipeline construction is an inefficient and time-consuming work, and now it is all entrusted to the same construction team for unified construction, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and making the construction process from civil construction to wiring equipment installation more clearly hierarchical. The integrated wiring system makes construction management more linear. The key to this phase is how to coordinate the cooperation between the various application system construction teams. This also places higher demands on contractors of integrated cabling systems.
(4) Support for the operation and maintenance of the building
□ a single cabling system reduces training costs.
□ manageability of all cables for quick system failures.
□ cables are reusable.
□ adding new systems is easy.
4. Several issues of common concern
1) System cost. Price is one of the most concerned elements of the building owners. Does the TBIC system enable owners to enhance their investment or reduce their investment? What is the amplitude? These two issues are also of constant concern to us. According to Simon's estimates in the U.S. market, TBIC reduces owners' investments in traditional cabling systems by about 10 to 20 percent, and if you include the savings over the entire life cycle, it is believed to exceed 30 percent.
2) Industry standard. Building integrated wiring system is gradually becoming an international trend, more and more manufacturers and standardization organizations have realized the importance and necessity of integrated wiring system. Building Industry Communication Service International (BICSI) is already working to develop standards and design installation manuals. ISO/IEC is also preparing to publish standards for integrated cabling systems. Simon is an active member of these standardization organizations, and the TBIC system is compatible with these upcoming standards.
Siemon has made the following design guidelines for integrated cabling systems:
Because each weak electronic system is networked, they can all be easily incorporated into the telecommunications cabling system. TBIC is such an integrated cabling system that provides a transmission path for all weak current remote transmission signals. TBIC's subsystem is compatible with an American standard ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A and the international cabling standard ISO/IEC 11801.
(1) System composition and topology
The physical topology of the subsystem still uses the conventional star structure, i.e. from the main wiring rack (MC), through the interconnect patch panel (IC) to the floor patch panel (HC), or directly from the MC to the HCO
The horizontal system is configured from HC to a single or multi-star structure. The single-star structure refers to the direct connection from the HC to the device, while the multi-star structure provides greater flexibility for the application system through another layer of the star-shaped zone wiring block (Zone Cross-connect, ZC). The topology of the TBIC system is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Topology of the TBIC system
(2) Length limit requirements
The distance between the MC and any one HC cannot exceed:
□3000 meters - single-mode fiber;
□2000 meters - 62.5/125 or 50/125 percussion 1 multimode fiber;
□ 800 m - UTP/ScTP cable;
The distance between the IC and any HC cannot exceed 500 meters.
Regardless of the transmission medium used, the maximum distance from HC to the information outlet cannot exceed 90 meters. The maximum transmission distance for the entire horizontal communication is 100 meters.
(3) Subsystem
Compared with the integrated wiring system, the subsystems are consistent. The only difference is in the application of BAS in TBIC systems, allowing the use of zone patch panels to fetch meeting points.
(4) Regional patch panel
Zone patch panels provide a more flexible and convenient service for horizontal wiring connections. It is similar to the concept of a meeting point and can be installed side by side with the meeting point in the same place. The main use of the ZC is to connect the equipment of the building control system, while the assembly point (CP) is used to connect the information exit/connector.
ZC allows jumpers, installation of various adapters and active devices, whereas the meeting point cannot. Active devices include a variety of controllers, power supplies, and electrical equipment.
The connection from the ZC to the field device can be star, daisy-chained, or any kind of connection, it is a free topology. This gives many field signals (such as fire alarm signals) and greater freedom to connect according to the requirements of the system.
(5) Regional patch panel mounting position
The following factors need to be considered:
□ floor area
□ number of field devices
□ active equipment and power requirements
□ the type of connection hardware
□ the requirements for protective boxes
□ coexist with meeting points
Zone patch panels should be installed near the center of the service area, which helps to reduce the length of the field cable.
(6) Connection of field devices
According to the existing system application, the field device connection can be divided into two types: the first is the star connection method, that is, the device is directly connected to the HC or ZC through a horizontal cable; the second is the free connection method, some field devices can use bridge connection or T-shaped connection to ZC.
This free connection method can only be used to connect ZC to field devices. The connection from HC to ZC or from HC to field devices must use a star connection.
(7) The position of the control panel of the building control system
The networked controller can be connected with an information socket or directly to the ZC or CP. For all devices to be connected and have the greatest flexibility, the controller of each application system (e.g. DDC controller) should be close to the ZC or HC because the controller is in the center of the wiring connection.
(8) Shared cables
When a cabling system supports multiple applications, such as voice, data, images, and all weak current control signals, it is not permissible for a single cable to support multiple applications. Application-independent cables support a specific application. For example, when using 2-core wire to connect a specific field device, the remaining 6-wire in the 4-pair UTP cable cannot be used for other applications, but can be used for other purposes that support the same application system, such as as as a 24V power cord, etc.
(9) Connect the hardware
Each connection hardware used to connect horizontal or vertical wiring should support certain application-specific systems.
When the field device has RJ-45 or RJ11 jacks, the MC series of cables with the same or higher transmission characteristics should be selected. The MC Series cables are available in T568A and T568B, two different standard versions, and can be used as a place to connect system controllers and operator workstations, or other standard network nodes. When used to connect other field devices (such as sensors and actuators, etc.), the information module can be omitted and the 24AWG twisted pair is directly connected to these devices. Most field devices are connected using crimping screws and cables directly. Some cable crimp terminals and crimp pins are also available as auxiliary connections.
When using high-density connectivity hardware to connect voice/data systems and building automation systems, the application system areas must be clearly demarcated and separated on the connected hardware. For the management of cables with different systems, it can be distinguished using labels with different colors and insertion modules.
(10) Special application devices
All units used to support special applications must be installed outside the horizontal and vertical wiring systems. These devices include a variety of adapters. User adapters can be used to convert the transmission mode of the signal (such as from balanced to unbalanced). For example, a baseband video adapter converts the video signal generated by the camera and transmits it on a 100C UTP.
Integrated wiring systems are not widely used, and there are very few application cases, what is the reason? The basic idea of integrated wiring system is good, but the investment is large, and some subsystems may not be used, so that the owner increases the investment. How to obtain greater market application for integrated wiring systems is an urgent problem to be solved.
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