Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
Attracted the attention of the whole world
Of course
Playing with ice and snow is not a patent of modern people
While learning about the Winter Olympics,
Do you also know the history of snow sports?
Paleolithic: Human skiing originated from Altay in Xinjiang
In 2005
Archaeologists in KhanDegat Township, Altay City, Xinjiang
In a boulder cave on the east slope of the Dundeblack Valley
Human footboarding was discovered
Petroglyphs of ski hunting with a single pole in hand
Identified by archaeologists
This is the world's first archaeological account of the ski scene
Dating back to the late Paleolithic period
Altay is therefore also considered
The origin of human skiing
“
There is a row of 7 people on the petroglyph, of which 4 people follow animals such as cows and horses, 3 people bend down and pinch their hips, holding wooden sticks, experts and scholars call this a single pole, and the long strip of objects under their feet is very similar to skis, this petroglyph is the scene of the Altay people's single pole ski hunting
”
Petroglyphs in the mountain streams of the Dundebulak River valley in Khandegat Township, Altay City, Xinjiang
In ancient court scrolls
Also documented as a "winter sports extravaganza"
Sui and Tang Dynasties: Skiing activities were mostly used for hunting and marching
The Book of Sui and the Biography of Northern Di records that "the Southern Chamber Wei traveled north from the eleventh to the North Room Wei, divided into nine tribes, living around the Tuqi Mountain... The ground is covered with snow, afraid of pits and traps, riding on wood, and the common people catch mink as a profession, crowned with foxes, and clothed with fish skins. ”
In today's terms
Ethnic minorities living in the northeast of the continent
In order to facilitate fishing and hunting travel
Create your own "ride on wood" method
Race and hunt in the snow-covered mountains
In fact
As early as the Dayu period
There is a written record of skiing on the mainland
Recorded in the Chronicle of Natsumoto
Da Yu was running around when he was ruling the water
By land, by boat, by mud, by sled, and by mountain
Sleigh, according to the "History of Justice" interpretation
"The sled is short in shape like a boat, with slightly cocked ends, a man bending one foot, and traveling on the mud"
Later generations innovated on this basis
Transform it into a tool for walking on snow and ice
It becomes a sleigh
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties: "Laxue Sencha" and "Plastic Snow Lion" were winter pleasures
Song and Yuan dynasties
Because people live a rich life
This extends into snow-themed entertainment
The Song Dynasty Wu Zimu's Mengliang Records Volume VI records:
"Noble homes, such as snow falling from heaven, will open feasts, mold snow lions, install snow mountains, meet relatives and friends, sing in shallow and low, lean on jade and incense, or ride out of the lake, see the snow scenery of the lake and mountains, Yaolin Qiong trees, cuifeng like jade, painting is not as good." Poets, in this scene, they use Laxue Sencha, chant poems, and sing more. ”
Laxue Sencha
Yuanren Zhang Guobin's "Xiangguo Temple Gongsun He Sweatshirt" miscellaneous drama begins with snow appreciation, singing that "when it is the beginning of winter, it is raining heavily on this day." Little Big Brother is looking upstairs on the street here. Arrange Guo Zhuo, please let the two of you enjoy the snow and drink"; among them, Zhang Yuanwai's song "Mixed River Dragon" specifically describes the beauty of the snow scene: "The pear blossoms fall into a silver world, and the willow flying makeup is jade Qiankun." ”
Snow transport has also appeared in the north
Song Shenkuo's "Mengxi Pen Talk" records:
"Between Xin'an and the vicissitudes... The winter moon is a small bed, and it is dragged on the ice, which is called a bed. ”
"Qianlong Emperor's Dynasty And Music Map" (partial)
Southern Song Dynasty "Wulin Past Events"
There is also the content of the court drama snow
Snow lions of various shapes
It is the protagonist of the man-made landscape
The palace people will "color the golden bell"
Decorate on snow lions
furthermore
It should also be accompanied by artificial snowflakes, snow lamps, etc
Together, they set off the "lion pack"
It is the "green leaves" in a large "art installation"
Lang Shining 《弘理雪景行樂圖轴》
This kind of fun game
It has been going on for a long time
"Derivatives" are also on the rise
During the Qing Dynasty, it was still prevalent in the palace
During the Qianlong period
The palace people don't just build snow lions
There are also piles of snow elephants attached
During the Jiaqing period
Snow horses have also been added
"Qingyuan Ben December Order Chart Axis" (partial)
All works are both gods and gods
The skill of the people involved in the sculpture
Comparable to today's professional ice sculpture artists
Ming and Qing dynasties: Nurhaci held the "first ice games in history"
A chronicle of ice frolics
The earliest can be traced back to the Sui and Tang dynasties
then
The Jurchens of the Northeast invented one
New skating tool: bamboo horse
Man steps on a bamboo horse
Holding a hockey stick
You can't glide freely on the ice
By the time of the Ming Dynasty
Ice Play has evolved into a unique military training program
Special management bodies have also been established:
Skate place
Bamboo horse
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains
Ice and snow sports have been greatly developed in northern China
For the record
The Qianlong Emperor was very fond of skating
Made this period
Ice sports have reached their peak
The Qianlong Emperor also founded it
A special skating group called "Ji Yong Skate Camp"
Every year from the winter solstice to the "March 9" period
An ice festival will be held on the Tailiu Pond
Part of "Ice Play Map"
The ice knife worn by the Eight Banner Soldiers
Set steel bars or sheets of steel under wooden panels
Tie under the shoe and serve
The ice knives used in the Qing Dynasty's ice frolic activities were simple
But it includes a variety of prototypes of modern ice sports
Such as speed skating, figure skating and ice hockey, etc
There are also many ice acrobatic programs original to the Qing Palace
Extremely difficult
Qing Dynasty skates
About the project settings of Ice Play
Roughly speaking, it can be divided into the above three types
Speed skating, ice tricks, ice kicks
1. Speed skating ✦
The so-called speed skating
In ancient times there was a special saying
It's called "Rush Wait"
It is recorded in the "Jisheng in the Age of Emperor Jing"
All the shoes have iron teeth, popular on the ice, such as the stars galloping, competing for the first bid to win, known as ice skating
It means like a gallop
Win fast
2. Ice Tricks ✦
In ancient times there was a kind of project called
Shoot a sky ball or a dragon shoot the ball
It's the "hanging of the door" on ice.
Cleverly combines archery with ice skating
This project is a game though
But it also contains a strong military flavor
Qianlong said that Bingxiao was "ice frolicking although playfully questioning martial arts"
It's not without reason
Besides
There are also some items in Ice Tricks
For example, ice handstanding, lifting, pole climbing
Ice martial arts, ice acrobatics, ice multiplayer skills, etc
And in "The Biography of Zhen Huan", An Lingrong's ice play
Probably belongs to the category of "figure skating"
3. Keju on ice✦
Bow on ice
Also known as keju, grab the ball
It resembles a rugby game played on ice
This is the largest number of participants and the largest scene
The most competitive project
During the Qing Dynasty
Women are also involved in snow sports
There is a project called "Ice Maple"
Glide on the ice with a bamboo pole propped up on a raft
It was mainly for women at that time
The Qing Dynasty "Dianshizhai Pictorial" recorded
The weather in The Beijing Division has been very cold recently, the moat canal has accumulated ice for a few feet, and the ice maple has been going down the river with this, and the people and women have come and gone, very much like flying shuttles, looking at it in the wind and snow, like a picture;
There were three young girls in the North River outside the Fucheng Gate, who were hired to go to Xizhimen and tamp down the current star, which was extremely fast
Influenced by the royal family
Ice and snow sports that were originally popular outside Of Seki
In Beijing, it has also quickly become popular
Due to the freezing of the river in the middle of winter
Shipping was suspended
Porters for a living
Homemade simple ice beds to start the business of dragging ice beds
Their ice beds are about the size of a single bed
There are cloth draperies or umbrella covers around the perimeter
The bed can accommodate two or three people
Most of the people who ride the ice bed are the children of the rich or the literati
Mostly to enjoy the ice and snow scenery of Beijing in winter
Put it simply
The ice bed is also a luxury version of the snowmobile
The Imperial Qing Gongtu records three dogs pulling the ice bed
Wen Zhao said in the "Jingshi Bamboo Branch Words"
The long river under the city has been frozen, and the ice bed is still tied by cables; it is like dragging the flying kites upside down, and the Jiangnan duckbill boat is stable
So it seems
The ancients really knew how to play with ice and snow
With the arrival of the Winter Olympics
More and more people
I also fell in love with snow sports
Made us passionate
Embrace this ice and snow event!
Comprehensive sources: People's Cultural Tourism, China Meteorological News, Modern Education Newspaper, etc
Source: Popular Science China