Orchard Port, Liangjiang New Area
As a shipping center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under construction, in recent years, in addition to improving the supporting facilities and port functions of the strategic intermodal hub ports of Guoyuan Port, Fuling Longtou Port, Wanzhou Xintian Port and Jiangjin Luohuang Port in Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing has also planned to build a number of regional and professional port groups with clear levels. For example, in the central urban areas, Yubei, Banan, Jiulongpo and other places have made clear arrangements for accelerating the layout of their regional and professional ports.
Yubei District said that it will rely on the Yuhuai Railway, the East Ring Line of the Railway Hub and the planned Luobei Port Railway Special Line, the Yuchang Expressway, the Yuchang Expansion Capacity, etc., to build a comprehensive freight hub port for multimodal transportation of the Luobei Railway and Public Water, which will be integrated into the city's large channel and logistics construction. According to the plan, Luo moraine Port will build 5 berths of 5,000 tons and a design throughput capacity of 17 million tons. Jiulongpo District proposed to accelerate the construction of the first phase of the Huanglei Port project, synchronously implement the collection and transportation of railways and highway links, and build a multimodal transport system of railway and public water in the western trough valley by relying on the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway and the Ring Expressway. It is reported that Huangbei Port is about 2 kilometers away from the Huanglei Railway Station of Chengdu-Chongqing Railway, and its first phase of the project is planned to be 1 3,000-ton and 5,000-ton multi-purpose berths each, with a design capacity of 1.72 million tons.
Compared with Yubei District and Jiulongpo District, which each plans only one port, the "14th Five-Year Plan" of Banan District promotes the construction of two ports in one go, namely the second phase of the Fo'eryan Wharf Expansion Yard and the Chongqing Port Maliu Operation Area. Among them, Fo'eryan Wharf will be seamlessly connected with Chongqing Highway Logistics Base and Nanpeng Station of the East Ring Line of the Railway Hub to form a multimodal transport hub of public railway and water, connect the ASEAN International Trade Corridor with the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, and increase its annual throughput capacity to 3.5 million tons after the completion of the second phase. The Maliu operation area will build a modern wharf based on pieces of groceries and bulk cargo, and plan to build 2 new 3,000-ton dry bulk berths and 2 berths for miscellaneous goods, with a length of 600 meters and an annual throughput capacity of 2 million tons.
We have noted that in addition to the Maliu operation area, the other three major ports have been successfully included in the "14th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Transportation in Chongqing" issued in October last year, which is of great significance for accelerating the construction of these ports and improving the port collection and transportation capacity. Among them, Luo moraine Port, Huangbei Port and Luohuang Port, Zhongxian Xinsheng Port, etc. are defined as five regional key ports, and FoErYan Wharf is designated as one of the 8 specialized fulcrum ports. However, it is confusing that the Donggang Ro-Ro Terminal, located in the Tea Garden New Area and put into operation at the end of April 2016, did not appear in the 14th Five-Year Plan for the South Shore District and seems to have been forgotten. It should be known that Donggang was once an important part of Chongqing's key planning and construction of "three bases and four ports", and it is also the only ro-ro hub port in the city that is laid out on the south bank of the Yangtze River, with a prominent status.
Back to the point, next, let's think about why Yubei District, Jiulongpo District and Banan District are so actively promoting the planning and construction of their respective ports. On this issue, we try to interpret it from the following aspects:
First, reduce logistics costs and enhance economic competitiveness
Economic theory tells us that the elements of a country's economic development include natural resources, labor, and capital. If the various factors of production increase in proportion to each other, the economy will naturally increase as well. In modern society, however, natural resources can be considered a given. Although the labor force can increase, the annual increase is also very limited. Therefore, among the three factors of production, the one with the greatest possibility of change is capital. In other words, the accumulation of capital is the most important factor in promoting the economic growth of a country or region.
It should be noted that if a place wants to avoid the phenomenon that the return on capital will continue to decline because of the diminishing marginal return, which will eventually lead to the phenomenon that its enthusiasm for capital accumulation will become lower and lower, it must first continue to reduce the logistics costs of the whole society and improve the efficiency of logistics. This is especially true for Chongqing, which is in the hinterland of the interior.
The development of multimodal transport is recognized by society as one of the effective means to reduce logistics costs. Multimodal transport in the usual sense refers to the two or more means of transport to connect with each other, transshipment to jointly complete the transport process of cargo transport, according to the participation in the intermodal transport in the whole process of the combination of various modes of transport, can be divided into molten iron intermodal transport, public water intermodal transport, air-rail intermodal transport, water and water transport, public rail intermodal transport, etc., of which, relying on water transport, public iron water, river and sea direct multimodal transport system, is undoubtedly the most economical, environmentally friendly, and most suitable for medium and long-distance transport mode, so it has become the first choice for inland areas to reduce logistics costs.
For example, in recent years, The Orchard Port in Liangjiang New Area has relied on the construction of a multimodal transport hub, which has reduced its logistics costs significantly. According to media reports, after the imported ore of Shaanxi Iron and Steel Group is loaded and unloaded in the coastal port, it is transported to Guoyuan Port through the Yangtze River and sent to Hanzhong through the Port Oferang Railway, and its logistics cost is 40 yuan less than the original imported iron ore after arriving at the coastal port and directly transferring to the railway to Hanzhong.
Because of this, in the context of the vigorous development of multimodal transport in the country in recent years, the economic and social value of inland river ports has gradually enlarged. In this sense, Yubei, Jiulongpo, Banan and other places plan to build ports, while relying on the port railway, highway, trunk highway and other collection and transportation channels, the development of iron and water multimodal transport system, in essence, is to reduce the logistics costs in the region, improve logistics efficiency, enhance the development of new momentum, and then achieve the purpose of supporting economic development. For example, Jiulongpo District has repeatedly mentioned that relying on Huangbei Port will "accelerate the reconstruction of a Kowloon industry"; Banan District has been even more blunt in saying that the construction of Fo'eryan Wharf and Chongqing Port Maliu Operation Area are respectively to serve the development of China's western timber trade port, Maliu River Development Zone and Chongqing International Bio-City.
Second, develop the hub economy and enhance the industrial energy level
The pivot, explained in the "Ci Hai" as "to rush, the key to things". Hub, lead the whole body. Hub economy is a new model of economic development that takes transportation hubs and information service platforms as the carrier, takes the gathering flow and radiation as the characteristics, takes the innovation of the scientific and technological system as the driving force, optimizes the spatio-temporal configuration of economic factors, reshapes the industrial space division of labor system, and comprehensively enhances the urban energy level. According to the different types of transportation hubs, the hub economy can generally be divided into four types: railway passenger and freight stations, ports, airports, and rail transit stations. In recent years, the TOD that everyone is familiar with is actually a type of hub economy.
Orchard Bonded Logistics Center (Type B)
Speaking of the sample of Chongqing's hub economy, it is impossible not to mention the only port-type national logistics hub in the western region - Guoyuan Port in Liangjiang New Area. As we all know, the port was originally just a place for goods to enter and leave. However, Orchard Harbor has given new connotations. In the warehousing supporting area of Orchard Port, a number of commodity trading markets such as the western commodity spot trading market, the world commodity intelligent trading center, the bulk commodity trading and the digital supply chain industry cooperation project are laid out, involving the trading of bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, steel, as well as digital trade, supply chain financial logistics, third-party payment, settlement and other functions. In the Orchard Bonded Logistics Center (Type B), it has settled in a number of manufacturing projects such as Corning's Original Plate Glass West Center. Outside the port area, there are a large number of enterprises such as COSCO SHIPPING, ABB Group, Minsheng Group, Yuxinou and so on. In fact, the Yufu Industrial Park and Longxing Park adjacent to Guoyuan Port can also be regarded as important development results of the hub economy of Guoyuan Port.
With the successful effect of Orchard Port in the past, it is not difficult to understand why Yubei District, Jiulongpo District, Banan District and other places will be so active in promoting the planning and construction of their respective ports. From the map, Jiulongpo District Huangqian Port, close to Xipeng Industrial Park, Kowloon Industrial Park, Jiangjin Shuangfu Industrial Park, Degan Industrial Park, etc., after the completion of the project, not only the industrial development of the above-mentioned industrial parks has brought unique transportation advantages, transforming their respective location advantages into economic advantages, but more importantly, in accordance with the industrial layout idea of "port area production city", Jiulongpo District will also rely on the hub economy of Huangbei Port to provide important support for its development of the port industry. During the "two sessions" in Chongqing last year, some deputies suggested that the construction of the Xipeng Group Lingang Industrial Park should be started as soon as possible on the north side of the Huanglei Port and the south side of the Western (Chongqing) Science City, with a construction area of about 11.75 square kilometers.
Location map of Huanglei Port
This is precisely where the "14th Five-Year Plan" of Jiulongpo District proposes to "accelerate the reconstruction of a Kowloon industry". However, in the future, when the time is ripe, it is not known whether Huanglei Port and its Lingang Industrial Park will package and declare bonded logistics centers or even comprehensive bonded zones, and expand opening up at a higher level.
Not only that, in the future, Huanglei Port will also cooperate with Chongqing International Logistics Hub Park and Chongqing New Airport to build a freight hub system of water, rail and air division of labor and cooperation in the western (Chongqing) Science City by strengthening the interconnection of logistics business and service processes, which will support the high-quality development of the industry in the region and also help the rational and efficient aggregation of resource elements in the western (Chongqing) Science City, and accelerate the construction of the "Belt and Road", the Yangtze River Economic Belt, The new land-sea corridor in the west and the strategic pivot point for the linkage development of the twin-city economic circle in the Chengdu-Chongqing region.
Renderings of timber trading ports in western China
Let's talk about the FoEr Rock Pier, which is the focus of Banan District. In March last year, we wrote an article "" mentioning that the Western China Timber Trade Port, which was signed by the Chongqing Municipal Government and the China Forestry Group, is located in foer rock wharf, focusing on the trade of logs, panels, sawn timber and wood and bamboo products, and is scheduled to be completed and put into use in 2024.
In this way, the Western Timber Trade Port can be seen as a showcase of the achievements of the Folden Dock Hub economy. Of course, in turn, we can also say that Banan District has accelerated the construction of the second phase of the Fo'eryan Wharf project to expand the yard, realized the seamless connection with the Nanpeng Highway Logistics Base in Chongqing and the Nanpeng Station of the East Ring Line of the Railway Hub, created a multimodal transport system for iron and water, and built an open pattern for RCEP and the international markets such as the European Union and Russia, in order to better support the development of the timber trading port in western China.
This article is original by Chongqing Road Society (ID: cqmalushe), welcome to follow