Wen 丨 Little Beaver Burke @bigfun community
As a military feminine mobile game with a rare theme in recent years, the "Ashes Front" japanese service has been online for nearly one year, and the Chinese mainland, as the main market of the game, was also publicly tested on September 23, 2020.
Like the game Japanese service correspondingly launched the Japanese unit, it can be expected that the national costume will also launch a series of Chinese-specific units and the skin of the existing units. The following is with the author to sort out these possible units.
Due to the length of the aircraft part, it is split into two parts: "middle" and "lower".
Note: This article is partially quoted from the public account "Burning Island Group", with deletions and changes, and the author has obtained the right to reprint.
3. The Central Air Force of the National Government in Nanjing before and after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
In 1937, the then Nationalist government in Nanjing cobbled together a wanguo air force through the procurement and integration of the air force of local warlords. Before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937), the number of air force aircraft on paper reached 1200, but in fact only 346 were actually used as military aircraft, of which only 296 were included, nine brigades, five temporary independent squadrons, and a provisional brigade of the Central Aviation Academy.
In the air force organization, the first, second, and eighth are bomber brigades, the third, fourth, and fifth are destroyer (fighter) brigades, the sixth and seventh are reconnaissance aircraft brigades, the ninth is the attack aircraft brigade, and the provisional brigade of the Central Aviation Academy is a mixed brigade, and there are fighter planes and reconnaissance aircraft in the squadron. The five provisional independent squadrons include four squadrons of reconnaissance aircraft and one squadron of fighters.
(1) Fighter part
At the beginning of the War of Resistance, the brightest air force unit had to be fighters (then known as destroyers), mainly equipped with the Curtis Hawker biplane fighter imported from the United States, the export version of the Boeing P-26 "toy gun" Boeing 281, and a small number of fighters imported from Italy.
It should be emphasized that these aircraft are not "old", the general factory time is only 1-4 years, which can be regarded as new equipment, but in that era of aviation technology and tactical development, every year there are new aircraft developed and successfully put into service, and new air combat tactics are created, so these aircraft quickly become "obsolete" products.
The Third, Fourth, and Fifth Squadrons of the Air Force are fighter squadrons, each with three squadrons of fighters, of which the three squadrons are subordinate to the 7th, 8th, and 17th squadrons, the fourth brigade is subordinate to the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd squadrons, and the 24th, 25th, and 28th squadrons are under the five major groups, with a total number of aircraft of 82.
Three squadrons of 7 squadrons: 9 Hawker III, 8 squadrons (mainly equipped with Italian-made aircraft): 2 Breda BR.27s, 3 Fiat CR-32s, 17 squadrons: 10 Boeing 281s.
In 1935, on the recommendation of Italian air advisers, the Nationalist government in Nanjing purchased from the Italian side the Breda BR.27 and Fiat CR.32 fighters, which were mediocre in performance and as inferior in quality as the CV35 mentioned above (especially with many engine problems). Among them, the Breda BR.27 purchased 18 aircraft, arrived 11, and crashed 5 in training within 1 year because of the defect of the aircraft fuel supply system, which is called a pilot killer, and the remaining 6 did not survive for several years, and retreated to the second line after the outbreak of the all-out war. Another Fiat CR-32 was purchased with 9, these CR.32s were equipped with Wickers machine guns instead of the standard Beretta SAFAT machine gun, nor did they have a standard version of the fin-like heat sink, headlamp, but some were equipped with radios, due to the difficulty of obtaining the alcohol, gasoline and benzene mixture required for the aircraft engine (this mixture of fuel was mainly due to Mussolini's Italian oil shortage), so the contract was terminated after receiving a total of only 9.
The Breda BR.27 and Fiat CR-32, two Italian aircraft with mediocre performance and, due to various mechanical problems, were ultimately unable to perform their due abilities on the battlefield.
The real fighter force in the early days of the War of Resistance was the American-made Curtis Hawker III fighter.
"Hand Crank 29 Lap Warning" This picture shows the same type of manual landing gear rocker on the Grumman F4F Wildcat
As early as 1933, the U.S. government peddled 50 Hawker 2s to the then Nanjing Nationalist Government and the Guangdong Government, and in 1936 mobilized national donations to order 102 improved Hawker 3s. The Hawker 3, which is the same as the Hawker 2 series mentioned above, is an improved export version of the F11C carrier-based fighter designed by Curtis for the U.S. Navy, except that it has a hand-crankable retractable landing gear, which is designed for Grumman and is consistent with the landing gear of the F3F "Flying Barrel" and the F4F "Wildcat" (if you don't want to bite the mud and land on the street you must practice Kirin arm strength). Due to its heavy weight, the aircraft's data is generally similar to that of the Hawker 2 (BFC) on a fixed landing gear, but the machine gun on the left side of the nose is replaced by a .50 caliber M2 (Old Mother Fan Ecstasy), which has a maximum speed of 360 kilometers per hour and a bomb load of 225 kg (500 pounds, a 250-pound hanging point on the left and right wings). This batch of fighters became the absolute main force of the Air Force in the early days of the War of Resistance, accounting for 90%, and the results of the battle against the Japanese army and sea aviation were almost all created by this batch of Hawker 3 fighters.
814 air battle painting, IV-1 for Takashi aircraft, hit by smoke is Momozaki Yoshio Mikō
The Boeing 281 fighters equipped with the 17 squadrons of the three squadrons have been mentioned earlier and will not be repeated here.
Four Squadrons 21: 10 Hawker III; 22 Squadron: 9 Hawk III; 23 Squadron: 9 Hawk III, 1 Folk Woolf FW-44. Squadron Leader Le Yiqin, the No. 2204 Hawk III, made many achievements in the Songhu War of Resistance, and was still able to avoid falling behind in the face of The Japanese HNA's carrier-based fighters with similar performance. Finally, on December 3, 1937, Nanjing was outnumbered during the wartime defense and martyred.
The German Fw-44, equipped by Squadron 23, was produced by the Famous Fw-190 and Ta-152 Falk Wolf Company, nicknamed the Goldfinch (it can be seen that Falk Wolfe gave his aircraft a bird name is a tradition), and the designer was also Kurt Tyncker. In the 1930s, the biplane Fw-44 was ideal for trainers, with a set of driving equipment in both the front and rear seats, making it easy for instructors to train with new pilots and avoid accidents. Fokker exported a total of about 20 Fw-44 trainer aircraft to China, which were received by Chen Jitang's Guangdong Air Force and transferred to the Central Air Force with the defection of the Guangdong Air Force.
The Falk WolfFW 44 "Goldfinch", a classic trainer aircraft, is well known
On August 14, 1937, the fourth brigade was ordered to transfer to the Hangzhou front-line airport, just when the Japanese naval aviation dispatched Type 96 land attack aircraft from Taiwan to sneak attack, Gao Zhihang led the team to take off emergencily when the fuel tank was empty, shooting down 3 Japanese aircraft (6 at that time), creating the "814 Victory".
Because of this "814 victory", Gao Zhihang was promoted to fighter director of the Chinese Air Force, responsible for commanding fighter operations across the country, but because the Air Force itself does not have many fighters, this title actually has no practical significance. On November 21, Gao Zhihang's Fourth Brigade, which had already moved to Zhoujiakou Airport in Henan Province, once again encountered a sneak attack by Japanese aircraft, and this time Gao Zhihang still rushed to the landline in spite of himself, preparing to repeat the "814 Victory", however, a bomb hit his landline, and Gao Zhihang was martyred.
Five Squadrons (Combat) 24: 10 Hawker III, 25 Squadron: 9 Hawker III, 28 Squadron: 9 Hawk III, 1 Fokker Woolf Fw-44.
The most famous pilot of the five brigades was Liu Chugang, the squadron commander of the 24th Squadron, one of the "Four King Kongs" of the early Anti-Japanese War Air Force, with a landline of No. 2401, and he was also one of the early aces of the Chinese Air Force (the Chinese recorded 11 battle results, and one claimed the battle results), and participated in many air battles in the Battle of Songhu and the Defense of Nanjing.
On October 26, Liu Chugang was ordered to lead a small team of three aircraft to reinforce the Shanxi battlefield when encountering bad weather and not crashing into the Kuixing Tower in Gaoping County, Shanxi Province. The plane did not explode, did not catch fire, and hung quietly upstairs. When the rescuers arrived, Liu Chugang's left hand was still holding the operating lever, but the soul of the hero had already left!
It can be said that the air force fighters in the early stage of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression defended the motherland's air supremacy with great losses.
Regarding the subsequent introduction of the Soviet-made "I-15" and "I-16" British Gloucester "Fighter", the author will continue to write about a variety of US fighters in the future.
The motto of the Central Aviation School of Kasabashi is covered in blood.
(2) Bomber and attack aircraft parts
At the beginning of the all-out war, the bomber fleet of the Central Air Force was more scattered than the equipment of the fighter fleet, and a large number of so-called bombers were improved from reconnaissance aircraft, transport aircraft and even civilian airliners (of course, the difference between military and civilian aircraft in the early 30s was not obvious), and the aerial bombs that could be carried were generally low, and the powerful bombs could only be carried by the extremely rare Number of American Martin BW-139Cs.
The first brigade of the Air Force has 1 and 2 squadrons, the second brigade has 9, 11 and 14 squadrons, and the eighth brigade has 10 and 19 squadrons, with a total of 65 aircraft. The Ninth Brigade is an attack aircraft brigade, with 26, 27 and 30 squadrons under its jurisdiction, with a total of 26 aircraft. thereinto:
A large squadron of 1 squadron: 9 Northrop 2EC, 1 Fleet -7; 2 squadron: 9 Northrop 2EC.
Second Squadron 9 Squadron: 9 Northrop 2EC, 11 Squadron: 9 Northrop 2EC, 14 Squadron: 9 Northrop 2EC.
10 Squadrons of the Eighth Squadron (mainly equipped with Italian and American aircraft): 6 Savoia S.72, 6 Douglas O2MC, 19 Squadron (mainly equipped with German aircraft): 6 Heinkel He-111A0s, 1 Fokker Woolf Fw-44.
26 Squadron of the Ninth Brigade: 10 Curtis A-12 attack aircraft, 27 Squadron: 10 Curtis A-12 attack aircraft, 30 Squadron: 6 Martin-139WCs.
The Air Force's largest major bomber was the Northrop Gamma 2E single-engine two-seat bomber, A-16, produced by the Hangzhou Aircraft Factory and the Northrop Company of the United States since 1934. The aircraft was originally a civilian fast mail carrier modification, and was one of the relatively large production models in the early days of Northrop Company. It is equipped with a 9-cylinder Wright R-1820 engine with 710 hp, a maximum speed of 352 km/h and a range of 2,300 km/h. The armament consisted of two 7.62 mm machine guns with a ammunition capacity of 450 kg (1600 lbs). In the development of fashion, it is a fast light bomber with a relatively fast speed and moderate bomb load.
Although it looks ok, in fact, the Northrop Gamma is a very bad civilian aircraft modification military aircraft
However, the Norwegian aircraft can only be used as a bomber in China, and in the United States Land Aviation, it is listed as an attack reconnaissance aircraft, the bombing method can basically only drop bombs horizontally, the sights are also very backward, the self-defense weapons are weak, and the only advantage is that it is cheap, convenient for ground maintenance, and can form a relatively large-scale fleet in a short period of time. The Nuo aircraft was an established equipment in the bomber fleet of the Chinese Air Force, and has been the main force of the Japanese army since the "813" Songhu War of Resistance, but it is also suspected of causing serious casualties due to accidentally hitting the concession.
On the morning of August 19, 1937, seven each of the 9th and 11th squadrons of the Second Brigade were ordered to attack and bomb the Japanese ships in the sea around Sheshan and Bailonggang outside the mouth of the Yangtze River. The No. 904 aircraft piloted by Shen Chonghai, the commander of the 9 squadron, suddenly found that the engine failure was smoking when it passed over the South Hui in Shanghai, and Squadron Leader Xie Yuqing signaled it to return to the sea, but the Shen Chonghai crew insisted on continuing to move forward to kill the enemy and report to the country, and gradually lagged behind and followed behind the fleet.
Later, in order to boost morale and morale, the Nationalist government modified the missing No. 904 to a version of the aircraft that collided with the Japanese ship Izumo. Of course, there is no eyewitness to prove that the 904 aircraft hit the Izumo (there is no record of the Izumo being hit).
Regarding Shen Chonghai's impact, many domestic media used "impacting enemy ships" to attract people's attention in order to incite, but the Japanese side did not record this
The Italian Savoia-Machetti S.72, equipped with the 10th Squadron of the Eighth Brigade, is an enhanced version of the Savoya Company's S.71, using the design of the S.71's upper monoplane, fixed landing gear and three engines, replaced by the 550-horsepower Alpha Romeo "Pegasus" engine authorized by Bristol.
But the Italian Air Force itself had little interest in the Savoyard bomber, and the company had to look abroad. In 1935, the prototype of the S.72 was donated to China, and finally more than 6 S.72s were directly licensed for production in China and assembled in Nanchang (an early attempt to change technology in the market). After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, all 6 S.72s were destroyed.
Six Brigades 15 Squadron equipped with 7 Caproni Ca. The Type 111 was also a transport bomber produced in Italy, and before the outbreak of World War II, the Italian Air Force dealt with african natives in the African colonial war, so savoyah's successor models SM.79 and SM.81 were also purchased and tried in small quantities by the Chinese Air Force, and all were destroyed in training in 1938. With the full outbreak of World War II, aviation cooperation between China and Italy was completely interrupted, and the Italian style in the Chinese Air Force was only a flash in the pan.
From top to bottom: Savoia-Machetti S.72, SM.81 and Caproni Ca. 111, the use of these Italian aircraft in China is only short-lived
The Douglas O-2 reconnaissance/bomber, equipped with 10 Squadrons of the Eighth Group, was the longest-serving and most versatile biplane reconnaissance/bomber in the United States between the two world wars, with a total of more than 50 types.
The O-2 is a rugged model, and of course, even by the standards of the late 1930s, this 1920s-designed multi-function miscellaneous machine is not suitable for high-intensity modern battlefields.
In 1929, the Nationalist government purchased 10 O-2MC reconnaissance/bombers from the Douglas Aircraft Company for the first time, and the Chinese custom version used the 525 hp PW "Hornet" engine, and the "C" at the end of the model represented China. Between 1929 and 1936, the Nationalist government purchased a total of 95 aircraft in eight batches, which served as reconnaissance aircraft/light bombers, equipped with the Sixth and Eighth Brigades and several independent squadrons.
The air-cooled Douglas O-2MC, an old commuter aircraft designed in the 1920s, is not suitable for high-intensity anti-war air combat battlefields
The German-made Heinkel He-111A0 bombers equipped by the 19th Squadron of the Eighth Brigade will not be repeated.
The Cortis A-12 Sherrike ("Shrike", meaning "Bird of Berau", the Central Air Force abbreviated as "Xu Ji") two-seat attack aircraft was the earliest and only dedicated ground attack aircraft in China at the time, capable of 210 kg of ammunition, equipped with four 7.62mm machine guns and 1 7.62mm rear-firing machine gun, with a maximum speed of 293 kilometers per hour and a range of 774 kilometers.
The A-12's four forward-firing machine guns were located near the landing gear, and a 7.62mm machine gun was used in self-defense at the rear of the fuselage. It can carry 10 30-pound bombs and 2 flares, or 4 100-pound bombs, for a total ammunition load of about 400 pounds (which is really small). In the summer of 1936, the Chinese government purchased 20 aircraft at a unit price of $24,328.45, all of which were assembled at the Hangzhou Central Aircraft Factory upon arrival. The A-12 participated in many attacks against the Japanese army in the Battle of Songhu, and suffered heavy losses, so it retreated to the second line and was changed to a training aircraft.
A-12 "Berlau Bird" light bomber
Next is the highlight, which is also the most recent game of the new bomber satellite, the probability is extremely high.
The Martin-139WC equipped by the 30th Squadron of the Ninth Brigade is the only heavy long-range bomber in the Air Force in the early stage of the All-out War of Resistance, developed by the American Martin Company, the Chinese Air Force purchased a total of 9 in two batches, and the similar aircraft equipped by the Us Army Aviation is called the B-10B.
This type of bomber is the godfather of the American aviation industry, Glenn Thompson. L. Martin paid for his own self-made work, and all the performances were very advanced at the time. The aircraft was equipped with two 770-horsepower Wright R-1820-33 engines, the maximum speed of 350 km / h, almost the limit speed of most fighters in the same period (even including the US LuHang's own monoplane P-26 fighter), with a range of 1320 km, ranking among the best bombers in the same period, the ceiling of 7380 meters, also reached or approached the limit of most models at that time, the bomb load of more than 1 ton, in the mid-30s was a very advanced weapon.
The only surviving Martin B-10 bomber on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force
In February 1937, the first six Martin bombers arrived in Shanghai, assembled at Hongqiao Airport and handed over to the 30th Squadron for reception. After the outbreak of the "July 7 Incident", it was transferred to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and transferred to the Eighth Brigade, and prepared for battle together with the German Heinkel He-111A0 of the 19th Squadron and the Savoyat S.72 bombers of the 10th Squadron. During a training session, Martin No. 3002 crashed.
The day after the outbreak of the "813" Battle of Songhu, the whole brigade was ordered to be transferred northward, and the Martin planes departed from Nanchang and Quian, and the No. 3006 plane piloted by Ma Xingwu and Zhang Xiyou crashed in the skies over Linchuan due to sudden weather changes on the way, and the crew was martyred, and only 4 Martin planes arrived at nanjing Daxiaochang Airport to report, and they attacked the Japanese army in Shanghai after refueling and hanging up the bombs.
On August 16 and August 20, the 30 Squadron was twice ordered to shanghai in search of battle. On the 20th, the Martin was intercepted by ground artillery fire and 6 Japanese aircraft, and the 3003 aircraft was shot several times but was able to return safely. On August 25, the Eighth Brigade dispatched three Heinkel aircraft and two Martin aircraft, escorted by Boeing 281 destroyers of the 17th Squadron, to attack the enemy ships and landing forces off the coast of Wusong. However, on the way through Nantong and Zhenjiang, it encountered dense clouds obscuring the route, and the Martin proposed to climb above the clouds to sail, but the He-111 and Boeing 281 fighters could not climb to that height and prepared to turn back.
However, when returning to Jurong, the Martin found that the weather on the north bank of the Yangtze River had turned clear, so it took a detour, followed by 5 Boeing 281s and completed the mission. However, on the way back to Kunshan, seeing four Japanese planes attacking the Heng fleet, the Boeing 281 immediately went to the rescue, and the Martin accelerated back. Unfortunately, two He-111 bombers were shot down by the Japanese in this battle, and the captain's landplane was also scarred and feathered. The Sherryk A-12 attack aircraft of the Ninth Brigade that attacked on the same day also suffered heavy losses.
After the war, the review and disposal was severely punished, the Ninth Squadron was abolished, the 26th Squadron was merged into the 27th Squadron, the Brigade Commander was demoted, the Eighth Brigade was transferred to the bombing school for training, and the 30th Squadron Squadron Leader was demoted to a lower rank. During the training, a martin was damaged in a crash.
On 13 October, the Eighth Brigade was again ordered to bomb the Japanese-occupied airfield and military facilities in Shanghai, and in the afternoon, three Heng planes and Martin planes each flew to Nanjing University Campus Airport, refueled and hung bombs at midnight, and before leaving, a Martin plane malfunctioned, and Huang Zhengyu, the new squadron commander of the 30 Squadron, led the wingman Zhang Qi to take off late at night, because of the unfamiliarity with the terrain, the mountain plane was destroyed and killed, and this accident was the most tragic non-combat damage of the Martin plane.
On October 22, two Heng planes and the only remaining Martin plane attacked Shanghai Kunshan Airport again, and the Martin plane was injured by ground artillery fire, and when it returned to nanjing, it was forced to land on the hill of Xiaolingwei in Nanjing, and the ground-touching plane was damaged and injured. At this point, the first batch of 6 Martin-139MC bombers purchased were all lost.
It is a pity that most of such cutting-edge bombers have been lost for non-combat reasons.
Kyushu paper bombing, it is said that the reason why the Martin was loaded with leaflets was actually because if the bomb was loaded, the range would be insufficient
The second batch of three Martin aircraft arrived in August 1937, assembled in December, and handed over to the 14th Squadron, mainly foreign pilots, to receive. In March 1938, one was injured by enemy aircraft in Hankou, and the remaining two were available. The shape of the Martin bomber was a round head and a round belly, with a cute appearance, but in the Chinese Air Force, it set a good story for the first attack on Japan. In April 1938, in order to show China's determination to never yield to the War of Resistance, the Air Force planned a "humanitarian expedition to Japan", which was later commonly known as "paper bombing".
Because the main air crew of the 14th Squadron equipped with Martin aircraft at that time were all foreigners, they were quite resistant to such a dangerous operation, and the price was prohibitive, and finally the Air Force had to lay off the foreign air crew and replace it with Chinese pilots. In order to carry out the expedition to the Japanese mainland, the Martin aircraft was also modified as necessary, installed a secondary fuel tank and a German-made radio directional instrument, and set up a radio station in Hankou, Nanchang, Quzhou, Ningbo, Changsha, Wenzhou and Lishui, and sent professional personnel to station and cooperate with it. Finally, the only remaining He-111 of the former 19 Squadron was transferred for liaison and logistical purposes.
Miyazaki's Kyushu paper bombing manga, excerpted from "Miyazaki's Miscellaneous Notes", interested students can go to see it
The new 14 squadron personnel, composed of former 30 squadron personnel and graduates of the fourth phase of the aviation school, conducted more than a month of secret training at the Phoenix Mountain base in Chengdu. At 3:23 p.m. on May 19, 1938, two Martin planes took off secretly from Hankou, and the long plane No. 1403 was piloted by Xu Huansheng! The crews Su Guanghua, Liu Rongguang, Wu Jichong, the wingman No. 1404 was piloted by Luxury Yanbo, and the crew Jiang Shaoyu, Lei Tianchun, and Chen Guangbin landed at Ningbo Liangsheqian Airport at 5:55 a.m., and at 11:48 p.m. that night, they took off again for an expedition to Japan.
Later, the Martin had several more sorties, but the results were not significant. On July 5, the two Martin planes were again ordered to attack Shanghai from Nanchang at a distance, and when they returned, the No. 1404 aircraft ran out of fuel and forced it to land in Susong, Anhui, leaving only one No. 1403 aircraft. At this time, the tactical significance of using Martin aircraft to carry out bombing missions was not great, so he was transferred to Hankou and was expected to fly to Lugou Bridge to drop leaflets on the anniversary of the "July 7 Incident".
As the situation deteriorated, the 14th Squadron disassembled the previously injured Martin aircraft into parts and transferred it into Sichuan, but the assembled Martin aircraft could not be restored and was only used for training. In an air raid evacuation, one was wrecked, and the other was soon sealed, and in 1945 the nose turret and some ordnance equipment of this aircraft were still visible at the Chengdu Flight School, which was used as teaching equipment in the ordnance classroom. The Martin 139WC bomber of the Chinese Air Force has disappeared completely, and the results of this cutting-edge bomber are really lamentable.
The follow-up Chinese Air Force also introduced the Soviet SB-2, TB-3, American B-25, B-24 and other models and supporting "fast flying tiger" rapid deployment tactics, if there is an opportunity, the author will add explanations, thank you for the readers to watch (bow).