At this moment, the 24th Winter Olympic Games is being held in Beijing in full swing, and wonderful events continue. As early as 2008, China successfully hosted the 29th Summer Olympic Games, "becoming a historical monument of the Olympic movement". The Winter Olympics coincide with the Spring Festival, which can be described as a universal celebration. There is no doubt that Beijing has injected more Chinese elements into the Olympic Games and become the only "city of the two Olympic Games" in the world. To this end, after in-depth excavation, "Ink Edge" will present the classic works related to sports in the history of calligraphy and painting, especially ice and snow sports, to the majority of readers and friends.
On the vast historical stage, sports are a kind of road signpost. Nowadays, sports in China have become a part of people's daily lives. From the unparalleled Summer Olympic Games to the successful hosting of the Winter Olympics, it has witnessed the boom of Chinese sports and demonstrated to the world the achievements of the all-round development of Chinese society at the right time.
Ice and snow sports originally originated from life, as early as the "Sui Book of Beidi Biography" has been recorded; by the Qing Dynasty, skating has a speed skating and patterns. The "Manchurian Old Archives Secret Record" records that in the first month of the fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (1625), the Jurchen tribe of Jianzhou in the northeast held a grand ice games, and the first event was ice hockey, followed by figure skating. This was the first ice games documented.
Among the treasures of calligraphy and painting of the past, "Ice Roll" shows the style of ice sports more than 200 years ago. There are two pieces of "Ice Scroll" (Figure 1) and (Figure 2), which are similar. The Qianlong Emperor specially wrote "Ice Frolic Endowment": "The special creation of ice frolic, the common customs of the country, the bandits are clever because of difficulties, they are competing for the lead with their courage, and the martial arts are the first, and the hui is the award" (Figure 3), which explains the origin of "ice frolic", which shows that the prosperity and popularity of the ice and snow sports at that time was a sport that was popular and had a certain artistry. From two pairs of ingenious skates (Picture 4), you can get a glimpse of the leopard.
As early as the era of the ancestors, there were rock paintings recording hunting, fishing and grazing, which achieved the perfect combination of "sports" and "artistic creation". Among the Hanjian and Dunhuang murals, there are more works about sports. Juyan Jiaqu Hanjian (Figure 5) records the world's earliest "race walking" movement. The "on-the-go" speed of race walkers is set at five kilometers per hour.
Due to the limitations of technology in ancient society, daily transportation mainly relies on animal power such as horses, so there is a saying of "thousand-mile horse", which was later transferred to the metaphor of special talents. In the "Water Margin", there is Dai Zong, who travels eight hundred a day, and is known as the "Taibao of Shenxing". There are indeed such people in reality. The Northern Wei Yang Big Eye (Figure 6) can be regarded as the world's earliest "sprint champion". How fast is it? No specific figures are given in the history books. The "Biography of Beishi Yang Dayan" records: "Then the long rope was three zhangxu, and the bun was tied and walked, and the rope was as straight as a arrow, and the horse could not reach it." To the effect that Yang Dayan tied a rope about three inches long to his hair and flew away, the rope was as straight as an arrow, and even the running horse could not catch up. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, one zhang was about 2.45 meters, and three zhangs were 7.35 meters, which could make the "rope straight as a arrow", which showed that Yang Dayan must be a well-deserved 100-meter trapeze.
Saying that the sprint and then looking at the long run can undoubtedly be traced back to "praising the father to chase the sun". China is the birthplace of football, called "Keju" (Figure 7) and (Figure 8), and there have been many calligraphy and painting works passed down through the generations, which shows the love for this sport. Poet Wang Wei's "Cold Food City East Matter": "Keju has repeatedly passed over the birds, and the swing has competed for the Yangli." ”
During the Winter Olympics, reviewing the development and evolution trajectory of Chinese sports culture, you can appreciate the typical oriental cultural charm, which is not only the crystallization of the collection and integration of the sports culture of various ethnic groups in China, but also an important part of the world's sports culture.
Qing Ji Huang Book Qianlong "Ice Frolic Endowment"
Interpretation: (Omitted)
Ji Huang was a Qing Dynasty soldier Shangshu and water conservancy expert, and in his later years he was crown prince Taibao. Ji Huang was the same as the Qianlong Emperor, and often had poetry to give and sing. Calligraphy is well known, and Yuan Mu's "Kokura Mountain House Collection" said that he was "a fine and small kai, able to write on flax". The style of this work is stable and rigorous, influenced by the "Lingfei Jing", although the traces of the pavilion are very heavy, and the words are full of bookish atmosphere. (Figure 3)
Qing Dynasty skates (Figure 4)
Qing Jin Kun Cheng Zhidao Fu Long'an Co-painted "Ice Play Map" (Partial) (Figure 1)
Qing Zhang Weibang Yao Wenhan co-painted "Ice Play Map" (full picture) (Figure 2)
Ice play is a sport with seasonal characteristics. During the Qianlong period, court painters Jin Kun, Cheng Zhidao, and Fu Long'an collaborated on the grand situation of the court ice performance at that time. Contemporaries Zhang Weibang and Yao Wenhan also collaborated on the painting of the same name later. Both paintings are included in the "Shiqu Baodi Continuation", the former stored in the imperial study and the latter in the Yangxin Hall. The two paintings are extremely similar, the difference is that in the depiction of the project "Turning Dragon Shooting Ball", Zhang Weibang painted in addition to the flag bearer and archer, there are performers, and add a project similar to the court hundred plays. After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, it brought the traditional national sports activities ice play into the interior, with rich and colorful contents, showing a generational flourishing, and was regarded as a "national custom". In order to welcome the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, not long ago, the Chinese Museum of Nationalities and the Four-Dimensional Era adopted 3D digital technology to "resurrect" this court painting "Ice Play".
Northern Wei "Yang Big Eye Statue" rubbing
Interpretation: The lord of Yi, Qiu Chi Yang Dayan, made a statue of Emperor Xiaowen. Fu Lingguang Fu Yao, the great thousand cherish the sorrow of the eternal night; the mysterious trace is not left, and the Leaf Sheng contains the confession of the guide. It is to manifest the signs of the crowd, to □□, to □ to the image, to descend to the queen, and to do meritorious deeds. The Auxiliary General, the Zhige General, the □□□□, the Liangzhou Dazhongzheng, and the founding son of Anrong County, Qiu Chi Yang Dayan, inherited the capital of Long Yao, and the Yuanhei Yingzhi was in a weak year, and he was quite superior to the first crown. Its □ also, the sound of weeping benevolence is unheard, and the waving is also destroyed by millions in one slap. Zhen Yong is nine Yu Xian Xian, and Cun Shi Na will be attached to the opposition. Jing Wang Qu is in the three chaos, and the cloud whale is in the heavenly road. Nan Qin is cheng, the earthquake brigade returns to Que, the military □, the path grotto, the bright traces of the former emperor, and the beautiful traces of the saints. Eye-catching □, suddenly flu. So he built a stone statue for Emperor Xiaowen in a district, and all the forms were not prepared. Publish the stone to record the merits, show the clouds. military.
"Yang Dayan Statue" is the full name of "Auxiliary General Yang Dayan for Emperor Xiaowen Statue", referred to as "Yang Dayan", is one of the "Longmen Twenty Pins", and together with "Shiping Gong", "Sun Qiusheng", "Wei Lingzang" three collectively known as "Longmen Four Pins", is one of the highest artistic value works in the Longmen Grottoes. With the pen Fang Jun, the lifting pressure is obvious, the pen gesture is majestic, and the knot is solemn and stable. Yang Dayan was a famous general of the Northern Wei Dynasty, brave to crown the three armies, and legend has it that his eyes were as big as wheels, so he was called "Yang Dayan", and the Book of Wei said that he "had little courage and jumped away like a fly". (Figure 6)
Hanju Yanjia Canal HanJian
Commentary: (from right to left) Jiaqu Yanhou is posted. Jiaqu Hou is in a pavilion line. The Marquis of Jiaqu galloped away. The Marquis of Juyan Jiaqu was posted.
In ancient military training, the mail that conveyed orders and sent letters cultivated a large number of "Shenxing Taibao". Postal delivery is divided into three classes, there are step delivery, horse delivery, urgent foot delivery, especially the fastest speed of urgent foot delivery. Juyan Hanjian's record of the soldiers' walking and passing documents reflects an important light-footed and good-walking soldier's ability in the military activities of the Han Dynasty. The methods conveyed by the Juyan Duwei system through walking include "pavilion line" and "second line" (secondary line synonymous). The above brief passages are all cases of short-distance walking documents by pawns. (Figure 5)
Yuan Qianxuan 《宋太宗蹴鞠圖》
Inscription Interpretation: "Keju Tu" Old Tibetan Secret House, Now GTu zhi. If it were not for the revolution of heaven and man, it should be incomprehensible and what it is said.
The original picture was painted by the famous painter Su Hanchen of the Song Dynasty. Yuan Qian chose the inscription after copying, expressing the mood of long-admiration. Ming Tang Wenfeng explained in the poem "Inscription Keju Diagram" that the first two played by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin and his brother Song Taizong, and the last four watched the ministers Zhao Pu, Chu Zhaofu, Dang Jin, and Shi Shouxin. (Figure 7)
Qing Huang Shen "Keju Tu"
Inscription explanation: Green Scarf Clothed Yellow, Taizu Ye; Top Hat Matchmaker, Zhao Puye; Micro-bearded, Dang Jinye; Aspect Red Clothed, Taizong Ye; Dark Scarf Clothed Green, Chu Zhao Lord also; Stand by, Shi Shouxinye. This picture was made when Taizu ascended the throne, when the Haiyan River was cleared, the Dao comrades were united, and the Emperor Mingchen was liang, so Taizu ordered Danqing to make a map for the sake of the emperor. Qianlong Yihai Spring In March, Ninghua Gall Scoop wrote cautiously. The inscription is vigorous and powerful with the pen, the setback is free, the grass is used as a stroke, the continuity is clever, the counting is white and black, the denseness is interspersed, the natural sky is released, the single standard is one grid, and the player and the viewer in the picture form a dynamic and static contrast, the look is lovely, and it is fascinating. (Figure 8)
(Original title: Northern Country "Mystery" Magic)
Source: Beijing Evening News | Author Xiaodong
Process Editor: u029
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