There are two main ways to propagate a plant, namely sexual and asexual reproduction, but there are many methods, such as cuttings, grafting, plant splitting, seeds, tissue culture, etc. Among them, the use of seeds to propagate is one of the more used methods.
First, the conditions that must be met for the seeds of fruit trees to take root and sprout
Any real seed, that is, a reproductive organ that has been fertilized and developed, must have two factors for its rooting and germination, namely internal and external factors, which can be divided into 5 conditions.
The intrinsic cause, i.e. the seed must be vigorous, that is, there is a potential to germinate, not a seed without vitality. Such as some old seeds, moldy and spoiled seeds, etc.
External factors, that is, external environmental conditions, mainly have four conditions: temperature, moisture, oxygen and light.
It is summarized that seed germination requires 5 conditions, but there is no soil condition.
Therefore, the seeds of any kind of fruit tree, as long as they meet these 5 conditions, can take root and sprout without entering the soil.
From the question of "which fruit tree's seeds can take root without entering the soil", I am often associated with certain peach trees. We eat a peach, sometimes thrown on the side of the road, the conditions are suitable, and we will also see peach buds growing out of the hard shell and rooting out of the soil.
Seeds of other tree species, such as Tsubaki, Elm, Poplar, Banyan and other tree species, can also take root and become seedlings when they fall with the wind, and can even grow into towering trees.
Nowadays, science and technology are developed, and almost any plant can be reproduced by soilless cultivation. The characteristics of soilless cultivation are that it is not cultivated in soil, but only with substrates and nutrient solutions, such as hydroponics.
Second, how to make fruit tree seeds germinate
First, treat the seeds
Fruit tree seeds are mixed or layered with moist sand, peat, perlite and other substrates, and the seeds are matured after completion under suitable conditions, de-dormancy, and increase germination rate and growth momentum.
Second, soak the seeds and germinate
Seeds that have not germinated after storage are soaked and germinated before sowing, such as warm water soaking, water soaking seeds, and medicinal seeds.
The time of soaking the seeds depends on the characteristics of the seeds of the tree, the soaking time of the seeds with thin skin is short, and vice versa, it is long, generally 1-3 days, the water can be changed 1-2 times a day, and the seeds are fished out to see the air, in order to prevent suffocation and affect the germination.
The third step is temperature and humidity control
During the germination period, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity, such as mixed wet sand budding, using greenhouse, greenhouse or indoor heating to promote germination, temperature control between 20-25 degrees, cover grass curtains and other thermal insulation and moisturizing, sprayed with warm water 1-2 times a day. Seeds can be sown when about 1/3 of the seeds are exposed.
The fourth step is nutrition provision
The sowing of fruit tree seeds can be soilless cultivation with nutrient bowls, nutrient solutions, etc., and if you feel troublesome, then sow seeds in the field.
Soil is to provide nutrients for seed growth, not that you have to use soil to grow fruit saplings, soilless cultivation in the nutrient solution can also provide nutrients, and there are few diseases and insect pests, the root system is developed, the growth is strong, the seedlings are strong, and so on.
Step 5, light management
Everything grows by the sun, and fruit tree seeds do not require much light, or light, during the period of soaking and germination. But after its budding, be sure to pay attention to light management.
Light can enhance photosynthesis of seedlings, create more nutrients, but also has the role of sterilization, control of apprentice growth, etc., is the main factor in cultivating high-quality seedlings.