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Donglan, which is a historical place name, changed its name in the Yuan Dynasty, and it has also been an area inhabited by ethnic minorities since ancient times, so the local customs and habits are also self-contained, and there are still many sayings.
Just like the old local history of Donglan County now, the local Spring Festival customs are still very rich and very regionally representative.
The Spring Festival is also the most important festival of the year in Donglan folk, and there is also the custom of sending stoves to the king on the 23rd day of the waxing moon, until the Chinese New Year's Eve, it is all kinds of Preparations for the New Year.
In particular, the Zhuang people have a custom of "killing pigs in the New Year", but in these days, only the twenty-eighth day of the Waxing Moon is not suitable for killing pigs, according to local folk traditions, if pigs are killed at twenty-eight, then pigs cannot be raised after that.
When it comes to Chinese New Year's Eve, it is generally a night of worship, worship of ancestors, sacrifices to the stove king, boiling rice dumplings, scooping rice dumplings, family feasts, anyway, all the way down, Chinese New Year's Eve is the busiest time; at night, adults around the fire pond to keep vigil, the children have to read at night, "academic progress" meaning; and women, do needlework at night, there are clever hands. In short, this night the whole family did not sleep, each doing its own thing, preparing for the next day's things, talking about the past and the present.
In addition, there was a Yao tribe before, called Nunu Yao, the national habit in the Chinese New Year's Eve this day can not eat rice, some taboos.
On the morning of the first day of the New Year, as long as the first chicken cry in the village is heard, the whole village competes to set off firecrackers, and then the boys go to climb the pillars, which means to grow tall; the girls compete to fetch water and drink the first sip, which is called "smart water", and the girl who drinks this water must be the most intelligent and capable.
On the first day of the Zhuang New Year, everything is also a good omen, if it is illegal, it is also a sign that the whole year will not go well. For example, women cannot go ahead of men, and children cannot cry, otherwise they will affect the fortunes of the year, and everything will not go well; the first fire of the New Year must be slowly ignited, and must not be blown by mouth, otherwise it indicates that there will be a wind disaster in that year; at noon, there can be no nap, there is lazy meaning; you cannot quarrel and say unlucky words, otherwise the family will not prosper; things cannot be borrowed, for fear of ruining the family; you cannot sweep the floor, nor can you send red cloth and red paper to others, which is the meaning of family wealth outflow.
These days can not be outside drying clothes and fabrics, afraid of attracting harrier eagles to catch chickens, ducks, which is also the local ecological environment summed up the customs; there are first to the first nine taboos of grinding rice, scooping rice, chopping wood, etc., will make a loud noise activity, which day there is this sound, the meaning is more, the first two interpreted as six livestock are not prosperous, the family wealth is damaged and agricultural affairs encounter wind disasters, the first three collapses, the first four collapses, the first five collapses of the water wheel ... Anyway, there are different unlucky statements every day, try to avoid it if you can avoid it, and do what you should do before you Chinese New Year's Eve.
The old Customs of the Spring Festival of the Han people in Donglan, in addition to most of them similar to the local Zhuang people, there are also some "unique" sayings.
When Chinese New Year's Eve, it is necessary to pile up garbage outside the door to burn, but also to add firewood and grass, burn as much as possible, and burn until late at night, so that in the next year there will be no harriers catching chickens, the same way, the fire in the stove at home can not be extinguished overnight, must burn vigorously, so that the family business can prosper in the next year.
Chinese New Year's Eve rice, Donglan Han people are also called "Nian Geng rice", in addition to being the same as everywhere, is a rich reunion feast, must be the same, that is, cooked whole green vegetables, called longevity dish, here, one person eats a whole dish.
"Nian Geng Rice" will also carry out a "bean bu", that is, prepare twelve cups filled with water, corresponding to the twelve months of the year, each cup into a soybean, the first morning to see the results, if the representative of which month in the cup of soybeans did not rise, or the rise is not obvious, it means that there will be drought in the month, and it is very serious.
On the morning of the first day of the first year, the man in the family must get up first, take the axe and knock three times on the pillar of the middle hall, and then read: open the door first, "the sky is unscrupulous, the earth is unscrupulous, the year, month, day and day are unscrupulous", which can open the door, representing the new year's "travel luck"; in addition, in the early morning, the man must also compete for the first bucket of water, and when he arrives, then the family's chicken breeding must be the best. On the first day of the New Year, men can generally visit the door, and women cannot visit the door.
On the fifteenth day of the first month, for the Zhuang people's families, it is also very important, there is a festive feast, but there must be tangyuan on the day. The local Han Chinese have a saying that "thirty nights of fire, fifteen nights of lights", after dark to order a pair of candles, candles will be lit with a tea oil lamp, lit all night, and also hang a flower lantern on the gate.
Here in Donglan, although all ethnic groups have their own Spring Festival customs, there is a festival, which is a Zhuangjia festival, which has the greatest influence, the widest and most important influence on the Hongshui River in Donglan, that is, the Ant [Worm] Festival, and this festival is also one of the most popular customs in several surrounding counties and cities.
The ant [worm] is the frog, which is a very old festival in the Zhuang family. How did this festival come about?
There is a saying that in ancient times, there was a strong woman named Yayou, who lived by the side of the Thunder Chaos Pond, the ant [worm other] in the pond did not cry day and night, causing her to sleep unsteadily, so she was angry, boiling water poured into the pond, the pond ant [worm other] burned a lot, the surviving ant [worm other] of course felt very wronged, after all, this is their own life habits, so the heavens complained, the Jade Emperor then punished the tooth tour to separate the ants [worm other] bones in the pond and sent them to the surrounding villages, and asked the locals to bury the sacrifice, slowly, This ant [worm] section is formed.
The ant [worm] festival is not a fixed day, but a time period, from the first day of the first month to the beginning of February, and there is a process.
To put it simply, on the first day of the Chinese New Year, the ants are caught [insects], and the second day of the New Year is sacrificed to the ant [insect]; the fifteenth day of the first month is to hold a sacrifice in front of the grave of the ant [insect]; because the time when the tooth tour sends the bones of the ant [insect] to each village is different, the time for the village to hold the ceremony of burying the ant [insect] is different, basically from the 27th of the first month to the seventh day of the first month of February, and there are neighboring places that year because the bones cannot be divided, so there is no such festival.
The villages that hold the Ant [Worm Other] Festival also have different attitudes towards this festival, the scale and size are different, some villages have thousands of people to participate, and there are many derivative activities, there will be various costume performances, mainly dressed as "Ant [Worm Other] Gong", "Ant [Worm Other] Mother", "Ant [Worm Other] Boy", as well as various roles, in short, all playing activities, or singing or dancing, are for the next year's various smooth.
The ultimate activity of the Ant [Worm] festival is the song. There are all aspects of the content, but the most important thing is naturally the love song of young men and women, which is an important activity to find a partner, and it will be sung until dawn.
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