Original Shiyujun China reported Esperanto News yesterday
The latest issue of The Courier will be available next week. This issue focuses on the oceans: nearly 3 billion people depend directly on marine and coastal biodiversity for their survival, yet 66 percent of the marine environment is currently severely affected by human activities; 71 percent of the earth's surface is warming; the area of dead waters starved of oxygen and marine life is expanding; and studies show that coastal areas currently homed by 300 million people are expected to flood at least once a year within 30 years. By 2050, the settlements of 150 million people are expected to sink below the high tide line. By the end of the century, regions that currently hold about 10% of the world's population will be threatened – either flooding or permanently submerged... It can be said that "the danger of sea level rise is imminent", and it is time to reverse the situation and strengthen protection.
In addition to these topics of deep consideration, cultural diversity is another major theme presented to us by the Courier. In this issue, we will first introduce you to the cultural part of the new issue of the magazine and start a journey of African American culture.
Why "Greasy Tuesday"?
Every year in February or early March, a carnival is held in New Orleans, south of Louisiana, USA. More than 40 African-American tribes will also participate, dressed in exaggerated festive costumes and participating in symbolic ceremonial song and dance competitions.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" >▲ African-American ©UNESCO in Indian-style holiday costumes</h1>
In fact, Christian districts around the world have the habit of celebrating Mardi Gras, and African Indians (African Americans influenced by Native American culture) celebrate in a particularly special way, so there is a separate name Mardi Gras Indians.
supplement
Mardi Gras is of French origin, and the festival was also brought to New Orleans by the French, and Mardi Gras literally means "greasy (fat) Tuesday." On this day people prepare hearty food and eat meat openly. Because when midnight comes, all the revelry has to stop. This was followed by a period of fasting of more than forty days, which could not be lifted until Easter.
Carnival in the broad sense begins on the "twelfth night" after Christmas and ends on "greasy Tuesday" for a month. The final Tuesday is both the climax and the end.
This pre-fasting festival also has another name, carnival, which also derives from the custom of fasting, and in Middle Latin, carnelevarium means "to remove meat".
How is New Orleans celebrating this holiday?
On March 3, 1699, the French landed in New Orleans, and in the decades that followed, French settlers in New Orleans celebrated the holiday with street parties, masquerade balls, and sumptuous dinners.
In 1827, after a group of students traveled to Paris, they added elements of what they saw to the festival: they dressed in colorful costumes and danced through the streets of New Orleans. 10 years later, the first recorded carnival parade appeared, a practice that continues to this day. Other festive customs include sprinkling beads or other ornaments, wearing masks, decorating floats, and eating king cakes.
Why is the Carnival of African Descent different?
Mardi Gras Indians have their roots in an unknown history: in the 19th century, free African Americans developed a cultural fusion with Native Americans in North America, known as the Black Indians. What elements have been produced by their cultural collision? And why dress up as An Indian? Take a look at a clip from The Courier's 2021 issue 1, "New Orleans: African-American Communities Pay Homage to Native Americans."
Selected from the new issue of the "Courier" influence column
The Second Session of the Courier Class .mp3 reports from China on Esperanto News at 00:0002:08
The "carnival Indians" is one of the least known traditions of the American South. Every year in February or early March, more than 40 "tribes" join the New Orleans Carnival celebrations, competing in symbolic competitions and competing in ceremonial songs and dances.
The tradition of the karnavalaj indianoj of Mardi Gras (Antaŭfasta Mardo) these unu the plej nekonataj in suda Usono. Ĉiujare en februaro aŭ frua marto, pli ol kvardek "triboj" aliĝas al la Karnavalo de Nov-Orleano por konkuri en simbola batalo, superante unu la alian per siaj ritaj kanzonoj kaj dancoj.
Their festive costumes weigh up to 70 kilograms and are set with countless pearls, sequins and rhinestones, paired with bright ostrich headdresses. The ornaments are made entirely by hand and can last up to a full year. In each tribe, members have their own division of labor. The Great Chieftain's house is both the headquarters and the sewing workshop, where people gather to spend a lot of time stringing beads, and the tribal culture can be passed on by word of mouth. These costumes are inspired by the dresses of the Native Americans of the Great Plains of North America. When black slaves went into exile in the Louisiana estuary, Native Americans reached out to help. It is in this way that the city's African-American community pays homage to the Natives.
The bunteco of iliaj kostumoj is inspired by the ceremonyj vestoj of the indiĝenaj popoloj the Grandaj Ebenaĵoj. Tio estas maniero por la afrik-usonaj komunumoj de tiu urbo omaĝi al la usonaj indiĝenoj, kiuj akceptis fuĝintajn(流亡的)sklavojn en la marĉoj de Luiziano.
In the late 17th century, the French brought their traditional carnival to Louisiana, but excluded the African-American community, and the African-American community in New Orleans was forced to create its own celebrations.
Forbaritaj de partopreno in the karnavalaj festoj – important tradition of the francoj in Luizianon fine of the 17-a jarcento – the nigrulaj kvartaloj of Nov-Orleano starigis siajn proprajn festojn.
At the end of the 19th century, the first African Indian tribes were formed. In the eyes of the freed black slaves, becoming an "Indian" was not only a way to maintain dignity, but also a sign of their respect for the Indigenous Indians' rebellion against white rule.
The unuaj triboj of Nigraj Indianoj formiĝis in the fine of the 19-a jarcento. By liberigita nigra sklavo, fariĝi "indiano" estis maniero emfazi dignon kaj respekton al la indiana rezistado al la blankula watered.
For more details on Indian Carnival, stay tuned for the first issue of the Courier Esperanto edition in 2021.
Learn together
Karnavalo: Carnival
indiĝeno: Indigenous people
fuĝinta: Exiled
omaĝi al: Tribute
La karnavalo estas celebrita omaĝe al la kreinto de la lingvo Esperanto.
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