Figure 1
The collection of modern stone stones has the theory of "mei qingmu show". "Meiqing" refers to the "eyebrow pattern" produced by the "eyebrow pit" of Longwei Mountain in Wuyuan, Jiangxi. "Muxiu" refers to the Duanyan with "stone eyes" produced in the "Shangsan Pits" of Rotten Keshan in Zhaoqing, Guangdong.
The "eyebrow clarity" of Sheyan depends on the production pit and quality of the eyebrow pattern.
Eyebrow tattoos refer to the eyebrow-shaped textures that are unique to the stone.
Figure 2
Although the perspective of the cognition of eyebrow lines has changed from ancient times to the present, the "eyebrow pit" has always been one of the representative pits in the dragon's tail stone, and has a pivotal position, and many ancient texts on she yan will mention "eyebrow pit". To this day, the eyebrow pattern stone produced by the "eyebrow pit" is still one of the signs of high-quality she yan, and the best stone quality and the highest market price in the "mei zi pit" are still the Tang mei stone produced by the "mei zi pit". There is also the "eyebrow pit" pit wall stone, although the eyebrow lines have been slightly scattered, but its texture is full of dynamic beauty, still let people love it.
"Meizi Pit" is the first of the four famous pits of Sheyan, and the "Water Gang Pit", "Venus Pit" and "Ribbed Pit" are distributed in a small hillside of Longwei Mountain, and the pit mouth is very close, of which "Meizi Pit" and "Water Gang Pit" have eyebrow stone production.
Figure 3
"Meizi Pit" in the lower part of Longwei Mountain, from Furong Creek to Yankeng only a few tens of meters, Mining during the Tang and Song Dynasties, there is no record of mining after the Yuan Dynasty, only in the early 1980s to re-large-scale mining, but with the gradual increase in market demand, the good stones produced are less and less, and mining is now prohibited.
In the Tang Dynasty, she yan was divided into two categories: eyebrow grain stone and venus stone, and on the black and blue color of the stone, or distributed beautiful eyebrow lines, such as a flock of geese, like a smile eyebrow blooming. Or it is full of gold stars of different sizes and sizes, like the wind sweeping pear blossoms, like the starry sky, grinding firmly but not slippery, buckling jade vibrating gold sound, caressing tight and warm.
Eyebrow pattern is a unique ornament in the she, the beauty of the eyebrow pattern to the "eyebrow pit" producer, "water pit", "water fern pit", "Ye Jiu pit" and "Waizhuang pit" production of eyebrow patterns second, practicality to "water fern pit" producer is better.
Figure 4
The mining and production of she yan in the Song and Yuan dynasties has entered the peak of history, from the famous old pits such as "Meizi Pit", "Venus Pit", "Rib Pit" and "Water Port Pit" mined in the Tang and Song Dynasties, to the subsequent "Water Fern Pit", "Ye Jiu Pit", "Tight Foot Pit", "Bili Pit", "Jiyuan Pit" and "Waizhuang Pit" and many other stone pits, the exquisite brick stones produced have gradually formed more than 50 sub-categories of ribbing, eyebrow pattern, Venus and caviar pattern.
Eyebrow tattoos and Venus reflect two different forms of beauty and aesthetic taste. The eyebrow pattern is dominated by quiet and elegant line changes, which constitute the pattern of the surface of the stone, and Venus is dominated by warm and colorful dot changes, which constitute the pattern of the surface of the stone. Therefore, in history, people have formed two completely different views of "eyebrow wrinkles" and "Venus as precious" out of their respective preferences for these two kinds of stones, which also directly affected the production of eyebrow patterns at that time.
Figure 5
Although the literati of the Tang and Song dynasties had a lot of praise for the eyebrow pattern stone, the bricklayers before the Northern Song Dynasty had to remove the eyebrow lines on the stone when making the stone, or leave the eyebrow pattern on the back of the stone. The reason may be that some black and dense appearance of eyebrow lines contain more carbon elements, and the hardness of the eyebrow lines is higher than that of the parts without eyebrow lines, which directly affects the grinding ink, and may also be related to the aesthetic concept at that time.
Now from the profile of the stone, it can be seen that it produces a fold structure during the fluctuation movement of the formation, and the active carbon elements are gathered together, forming a texture higher than other levels in the stone, and the brow pattern is formed when it is cut open. If you use simple tools to pry and peel along the stone layer when mining and cutting, you can see that the eyebrow lines are higher than other parts, and the ancients did not have modern power tools to quickly process the flattening.
Figure 6
The ancients said: "Eyebrows are blue or purple, short clusters such as silkworms and rhinoceros patterns, and the elderly and wide ones such as biao patterns and pine patterns." According to the specific form of eyebrow lines, people divide the eyebrow lines of each pit mouth into broad eyebrows, thin eyebrows, long eyebrows, short eyebrows, pair eyebrows, eel belly eyebrows, Goose Lake eyebrows, water wave eyebrows, tabby eyebrows, jujube heart eyebrows, white eyebrows, cluster eyebrows, etc. More than 10 varieties, in the old days, to pair eyebrows, eel belly eyebrows, Goose Lake eyebrows as precious, and now with the mining of stone and the change of people's aesthetic concepts, the pursuit of eyebrow stones has changed, of which the best one is Tang eyebrows, Song eyebrows are second, and the spiritual eyebrows of "water pits" are even more amazing.
The eyebrow lines produced by the "eyebrow pit" are broad eyebrows, thin eyebrows, jujube eyebrows, caviar, dragon eggs, brocade eyebrows (stone patterns are horizontal like gold halos between eyebrows), Venus eyebrows (there is Venus in the eyebrow lines), eel belly eyebrows (eyebrow lines such as eel belly patterns), bean eyebrows (slightly darker and darker in the stone and short dense eyebrow lines in the spots), golden flower eyebrows (there are golden flowers and golden halos in the eyebrow patterns), short eyebrows, and goose lake eyebrows (the eyebrow lines on the yan face are more like the shape of the flocks of geese on the lake).
Figure 7
The main pit mouth of the Yanhu eyebrow is the "eyebrow pit", and some of the eyebrow pattern stones produced by the ancient pit system such as the Ridge Back Pit are also in line with the beauty of the Goose Lake eyebrow pattern, which can also be called the Goose Lake eyebrow. The stone quality is the best in the "eyebrow pit", and the ridge back is lower.
Eyebrow lines are made of many ribs, some eyebrow lines in the corner of the eyebrow and divergent into ribs, or that the eyebrow lines spread out into ribs, so a piece of stone has eyebrow lines, its substrate is definitely ribbed, fine ribbed or dark fine ribbed, these several ribs can be collected into eyebrow lines.
The "eyebrow pit" is divided into three pits from top to bottom: upper, middle and lower.
Figure 8
"Eyebrow pit" refers to the Ming and Qing Dynasties along the Song Dynasty mining along the middle of the "eyebrow pit" vein continues to mine the stone products produced upwards, the eyebrow pattern is a long linear eyebrow, called "floating young eyebrow", the hardness is lower than the middle and lower two pits, is in 2000 the frontier "eyebrow pit" ore vein in the uppermost section of the mining of the stone products, the center of the ore vein is the eyebrow pattern is relatively small, scattered, thin, black and purple, weak refraction, the edge of the vein of the eyebrow pattern is scattered, the substrate is relatively loose, the stone color is light, the refraction is not strong, but does not affect the grinding ink practical, A small number of floating young eyebrows can also become fine bricks.
In addition, in the position on the upper left side of the "eyebrow pit", there is also a "caviar pattern" stone product of the eyebrow pit, the stone color is yellow, there are caviar points, and the two kinds of eel belly eyebrow lines of blue black and eel yellow are also derived from this. It is characterized by eyebrow lines such as a line of marks, the length of a piece of stone does not change significantly, the two heads are pointed, the middle is slightly bulging like a jujube core called jujube heart eyebrow pattern, and there are dragon eggs (golden yellow circle texture is called duck eggs by the locals), line eyebrows and other stone products. These stones are appreciative, but the content of sericite is relatively low and there is little refractive light, so it is less practical than traditional stones. (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3)
Figure 9
"Eyebrow pit" is also known as Song pit, eyebrow lines are relatively coarse, long eyebrow lines are interlaced with each other, some eyebrow corners are not pointed and do not retract, diverge outward, into ribs, the texture is slightly thicker than the lower pit, the color is silver black and silver white, and the lower ink is slightly cooler than the upper and lower pits. Among them, sericite is rich in content and strong refractive light, although the stone quality is not as good as the eyebrow pit, but the light sense is obvious.
Near the lower pit in the middle pit, the eyebrow shape is thinly curved, and the eyebrow corner is slightly scattered. Sericite is more delicate, and its eyebrow lines are closer to those of Tang Pit eyebrows. (Figure 4)
"Eyebrow pit", also known as Tang pit, is the lower section of the eyebrow vein, the stone is delicate and tightly moisturized, the stone color silver black is glowing with blue-gray luster, mostly thin and gathered arc-type eyebrow lines, the eyebrow angle is more condensed slightly upward angle, dark and shiny, the length of the eyebrow pattern does not exceed 1 inch (Song literature records that "the eyebrow is like a nail mark or like a silkworm"), the substrate is lustrous, of which the best of the stones, the bottom is textureless, the silk mica particles are fine, viewed after different light angles and wet water, the silver glows, the background color is silver black, and the eyebrow lines are soft. (Figure 5)
Figure 10
In the autumn of 2001, the locals of Yanshan discovered the ancient tunnel of the Meizi Pit of the Tang Dynasty during the excavation of the Songkeng mine, and the excavated stone was partially covered with Venus, and the bottom of some of it was silvery black, with strong refraction and a delicate and soft texture. This dazzling and delicate color is extremely rare. Among them, more than ten pieces of stone have very small eyebrow lines, the eyebrow lines are thin and condensed, the eyebrow shape is slightly curved, the eyebrow angle is pointed, and the slightly upturned, which is different from the eyebrow lines of other pits in the eyebrow pit. In the previous decades, this kind of eyebrow pattern stone has never been found, some collectors according to the mining location and the shape of the pit, and the Song Dynasty literature recorded tang pit eyebrow pattern comparison found completely consistent, the Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan years mined eyebrow pit old hole was finally discovered, Tang pit, Tang mei word was born, Tang pit eyebrow pattern stone is also seen again after nearly a thousand years of silence.
The eyebrow lines of the ancients have "nail marks" and "lying silkworms", and "nail marks" refer to the thin and concise lines of their eyebrow lines, with slight arcs, and the tip of the eyebrows is condensed and slightly upturned. "Lying silkworm" refers to its slightly thicker lines, such as silkworm slight bends. "Eyebrow pit" and other eyebrow types, such as the Tang Dynasty ladies's "Eun Mei", there are slender and slightly gapd eyebrows in the center, there are masculine straight eyebrows. Its common feature is that the lines of the eyebrows are condensed and thick black, and the corners of the eyebrows are gathered.
"Meizi pit" and other pit mouths have "sub-stone" stone, in the Furong Creek, rice paddies, old house foundation dug out of the sub-stone, to the Furong Creek sub-stone is the best, of which there are also a small number of eyebrow sub-stone, but Tang Pit zi stone is very rare, all kinds of sub-stone skin on the skin of the long-term formation of pearl skin paste, is also the unique place that attracts many collectors.
Figure 11
"Eyebrow pit" and other pits have "light plate" stone products, the so-called "light plate", that is, there is no obvious texture and stone characteristics of the stone stone, is the stone outside the positive vein. But there are also a small number of good products, either in the pure and delicate stone, or in the beautiful and rare texture. They are more common in the "light plate" of "eyebrow pit" and "water gang pit".
The "light plate" of the "eyebrow pit" is slightly refracted, and the substrate has dark spots like caviar dots, or contains banded eyebrows (Chang'e eyebrows). The "light plate" of the "water gang pit" is slightly refracted, or has small dots, with water wave eyebrows, the texture is delicate and warm, the "light plate" of the "ribbed pit" has ribbing, and the "light plate" of the "Venus pit" has more Venus points, or dark stripes, and the texture is harder than other pits.
The "bottom plate" in the stone refers to the bottom of the stone, such as the description of the stone "the bottom plate is transparent", which means that the stone quality of the stone as a whole is the same as above and below. The meaning of "light plate" and "bottom plate" in Sheyan is completely different from that of "top plate" and "bottom plate" in duanyan.
There is also the famous "Qinglang Jie" stone in the Sheyan, and everyone has given it to the "eyebrow pit". However, the exact pit from which "Qinglang Jiao" originated and what kind of stone it is, from ancient times to the present, there are many opinions. People have synthesized ancient records, industry agreements, aesthetic habits and other conditions, and reached a consensus that the "Qinglang Jie" stone is: "a stone with a blue appearance, an inner treasure light, and a pearl-like jade beautiful stone". (Figure 6)
Figure 12
In ancient texts, several types of explanations representing "green langyao" are: rocks formed by tropical marine plant corals; a kind of malachite, also known as green green; bamboo.
In the Tang Dynasty Pi Rixiu's "Taihu Poems and ShangzhenGuan", there is "a path between the Qi tree and ten thousand green langs". In the Tang Dynasty Du Fu's poem "In the Cave of the Feast of the Zheng Horse House", there is "fine smoke in the yin cave of the main family, leaving guests in the summer and green lang".
This shows that "Qinglang Jie" was referred to as turquoise bamboo by quite a few ancient literati. And from ancient times to the present, the main stone color of the real stone is black, even the temple green of the "Venus Pit", the green caviar of the tea leaf of the "Jiyuan Pit", and the green stone of the "Bili Pit" are also far from the turquoise color of the bamboo, so who should be the stone that can reach the ancients' praise of the green color of the she yan and the beauty of jade? Today's stone use and collectors classify the stones of "Qinglang Jie" into four types:
First, from the "eyebrow pit" silver-black textureless stone.
Second, from the "eyebrow pit" blue-black textureless stone.
3. Silver-black (or bluish-black) untried stone from the "water pit".
Fourth, from the "eyebrow pit" silver black (or blue-black) textured stone. What is the "Qinglang Yue" in Sheyan has no solution.
Figure 13
The market price of eyebrow pattern stones is the highest in sub-stones, followed by old pit stones, and new pit stones again.
The market price in the Stone of She, with the highest price of tangmei stone in the "pit under the eyebrow", was the reason why the largest piece of stone with tangmei was excavated in 2001 at a price of 8,000 yuan, creating the highest price of eyebrow grain at that time, sensational Yanshan Village, which produced the stone, people began to know that the eyebrow pattern stone was the most valuable, and since then, the value of the eyebrow pattern stone has increased rapidly. Zhongkeng Songmei and Shuigang Pit Shuibomei (Figure 7, Figure 8) are the second, and the current shed stone that can be hundreds of thousands of yuan is mostly exquisite stone and larger size of these three kinds of pit mouth stones, "Qinglang Jie" is the main force to boost the price. Other pits such as "ribbed pit" and "water fern pit" (Figure 9, Figure 10) "Ye Jiu Pit" (Figure 11) "Waizhuang Pit" (Figure 12) "Camphor Tree Back" (Figure 13) and other pit mouth eyebrows, the market price is downward in turn, of which the Goose Lake eyebrows, water wave eyebrows, the eyebrows are expensive, tabby eyebrows (Figure 14), eel belly eyebrows, jujube eyebrows are second, like the "bridge head pit" eight-inch rectangular slender jujube eyebrow stone materials are now the market price has exceeded 1,000 yuan, wide eyebrows, thin eyebrows, long eyebrows, short eyebrows are mostly common products, The principle of market price change is that the famous products of the famous pit are the highest, the ordinary products of the famous pit and the famous products of the ordinary pit are second, and the ordinary products of the ordinary pit are the lowest.
There are many stones similar to longwei stones in various parts of the mainland, including stones produced in Yushan, Jiujiang, Otani, Shangfengshi and other places. In particular, jiangxi Jiujiang eyebrow pattern stone is very similar to Longwei Mountain eyebrow pattern stone.
Jiujiang brow stone itself is a local output of Jiangxi, the geological structure is not much different, and there are many similarities with the dragon tail stone, which can be confused.
Figure 14
There are two kinds of counterfeiters, one is to make the general Jiujiang brow stone into a wooden box with the word "Chinese Sheyan" as a tourist souvenir to sell, and the other is that there are often bad merchants in the market who impersonate the eyebrow stones at the mouth of the wuyuan Yanshan pits, making them into medium and high-grade stones for sale, which is very harmful, and with the dragon tail stone becoming less and less, these counterfeit products are more and more in the market. And many ordinary student stones are also made of general Jiujiang brow stone and Yushan ribbed stone, Taobao also has Yushan ribbed stone and Jiujiang brow stone made of stone, some marked Yushan ribbed stone and Jiujiang eyebrow stone, some do not indicate, the market price is very cheap, belongs to the convenience of the public.
Compared with the Sheyan brow stone, the size of the Jiujiang brow pattern mountain material is very large, there are also stones, most of the stone color is light, the purity and refractive index are not as good as the stone of the old pit of the stone, the color of the stone pulp and stone powder is slightly darker than the stone, and it is gray-black. The Venus on the stone is generally round and large, yellowish and dull, and the silver star is hard and grainy, the eyebrow lines are not obviously refracted, most of them are connected into pieces, and the texture is not clear. A few of them are excellent, the purity and sericite content is higher, the eyebrow lines are closer to the stone material, the ink is acceptable, and it is not easy to see now.
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