First, industrial software
1) Overview: Judging from the history of the development of industrial industry chains in various countries in the world, developed countries such as Europe and the United States not only started very early in the development of machinery and equipment, but also occupied a prominent monopoly position in various high-end industrial software. For example, the electronic design automation software EDA developed by the famous Synopsys Technology in the United States has become an indispensable and important software for the development and production of chips. For example, the production information management system MES developed by the well-known German Siemens AG can help enterprises construct a workshop production control management platform. Another example is EUCLID, a software developed by Matra in France for building two-dimensional, three-dimensional and complex surface models, which can design various complex models such as passenger aircraft vehicle parts, and the software coverage has reached thousands of manufacturing companies in more than 40 countries.
2) Classification and share: Industrial software involves a wide range of industries and fields, which can be basically divided into five categories: product research and development, production management, production control, collaborative integration and embedded industrial software. It is worth mentioning that European and American countries firmly control more than 70% of the global software market share, especially most of the software market in the Asia-Pacific region is also occupied by Japan and South Korea, while we only have nearly 6% of the production share, especially in high-end and important industrial software still need to be imported from abroad, and formed a long-term dependence on foreign software.
3) Software giants: The world's software giants are basically European software giants such as Siemens and SAP in Germany; Dassault and Schneider in France; and ABB in Switzerland. American software giants have PTC, CADENCE (research and development); as well as General Electric, Honeywell, Emerson (production); in addition to Salesforce, Oracle (management); Japan has Fanuc, Yaskawa Electric.
It is worth mentioning that in the industrial field, the name of Dassault in France can be said to be thunderous. Almost all the world's famous car companies are the end users of Dassault Systèmes's 3D design software platform. Especially in the virtual three-dimensional world built by Dassault, not only can you see the shape, but also test drive test run, but also test performance. Dassault also participated in the research and development of a series of "big country heavy weapons", such as supporting the C919 large aircraft, ocean-going ships, rockets, high-speed rail, and tens of millions of manufacturing enterprises.
4) Global Software 100 Companies: According to PwC Global 100 Software Leaders, PwC Global 100 Software Leaders released in 2018. The report lists companies that are able to leverage new technologies to provide cutting-edge software and services to customers:
1) Microsoft (Microsoft) US $62.014 billion
2) Oracle (Oracle) United States 29.881 billion US dollars
3) International Business Machines (IBM) UNITED STATES $29.286 billion
4) SAP Germany $18.777 billion
5) Symantec U.S. $6.138 billion
6) EMC US $5.844 billion
7) VMware US $5.52 billion
8) Hewlett-Packard (HP) US $5.082 billion
9) Salesforce.com United States $4.82 billion
10) Intuit U.S. $4.324 billion
11) Adobe US $4.061 billion
12) CA Technologies US $4.053 billion
13) SAS USA $2.884 billion
14) Cisco (Cisco) US $2.836 billion
15) Dassault Systemes France $2.695 billion
16) Siemens Germany $2.613 billion
17) Fujitsu Japan $2.527 billion
18) Autodesk U.S. $2.413 billion
19) Citrix USA $2.376 billion
20) Google (Google) UNITED STATES 2.273 billion US dollars
21) Hitachi Japan $2.159 billion
22) Apple (Apple) UNITED STATES 2.110 billion US dollars
23) Infor UNITED STATES $2.099 billion
24) Synopsys US $1.934 billion
25) Intel (Intel) UNITED STATES 1.899 billion
26) BMC USA $1.878 billion
27) Sage UK $1.724 billion
28) ADP USA $1.66 billion
29) Wolters Kluwer Netherlands $1.539 billion
30) Red Hat United States $1.517 billion
31) OpenText Canada $1.496 billion
32) SunGard USA $1.464 billion
33) Japan Electric Corporation (NEC) Japan $1.441 billion
34) Sonorous Electronic Technology United States $1.435 billion
35) Hexagon UK $1.413 billion
36) Dell (Dell) USA $1.395 billion
37) Teradata UNITED STATES $1.221 billion
38) NetApp US $1.169 billion
39) NCR USA $1.157 billion
40) Epic Systems US $1.14 billion
41) Constellation Software Canada $1.134 billion
42) McKesson U.S. $1.123 billion
43) Mentor Graphics US $1.076 billion
44) PTC USA $1.073 billion
45) Trend Micro Japan $1.035 billion
46) Nuance Communications USA $1.009 billion
47) DATEV Germany 975 million US dollars
48) Esri USA $960 million
49) Cerner USA $946 million
50) ANSYS USA $917 million
Among the top 50 in the world, the United States occupies 36 software companies; 3 in Germany; 3 in Japan; 2 in the United Kingdom; and so on.
2. Database management system
The so-called database management system (Database Management System), is a large software that manipulates and manages databases, is used to establish, use and maintain databases, referred to as DBMS. It is an indispensable data management software for enterprise data management and maintenance. The following is a brief introduction to the eight commonly used database management systems in the world:
1) Oracle: Oracle: Is Oracle's relational database management system. It is a product that is directly in the database domain. It can be said that the Oracle database system is currently a popular relational database management system in the world.
2) Sybase: Sybase is a large relational database system in a typical UNIX or WindowsNT client/server environment.
3) Informix: Informix is a relational database management system produced by IBM. As an integrated solution, it is positioned as IBM's flagship data services system for online transaction processing (OLTP).
4) MicrosoftSQLServer: Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system launched by Microsoft Corporation. With the advantages of easy-to-use scalability and high integration with related software, it is a comprehensive database platform that provides data management for enterprises using integrated business intelligence (BI) tools.
5) Microsoft Access: Is a combination of Microsoft JetData base Engine and graphical user interface two features, released by Microsoft relational database management system.
6) Visual FoxPro: is a database development software launched by Microsoft, derived from fox software launched by fox software in the United States, the database product FoxBase, running on DOS, compatible with the xBase series. Developing a database with FoxPro is both simple and convenient.
7) DB2: DB2 is a series of relational database management systems produced by IBM, which are served on different operating system platforms.
8) MySQL: MySQL is a popular relational database management system, especially in web applications, MySQL is a good relational database management system. Developed by mySQLAB sweden and currently part of Oracle.
3. Aviation equipment
The so-called aviation equipment refers to the general term for aviation support materials. Mainly including: 1) Aviation technical equipment and its maintenance and repair required equipment. 2) Special equipment and tools for aviation ground service support. 3) Special instruments and equipment for aviation scientific research experiments. Specifically, it refers to: aircraft fuselage and its spare parts, aero engine and its spare parts, aviation instrument electrical equipment and its spare parts, aviation oxygen equipment and its spare parts, aviation radio electronic equipment and its spare parts, aviation standard parts and bearings.
Honeywell Aerospace's products and services are found on nearly all commercial, defense and aviation aircraft worldwide. Its Aerospace Group business units develop innovative solutions, as well as technologies and products for aircraft engines, cockpit and cabin electronics, in-flight wireless network connectivity, logistics and more. For example, aero engines are almost monopolized by European and American countries. Aero engines are known as the "jewels in the crown of modern industry", and General Electric of the United States, Rolls-Royce of the United Kingdom and Pratt Whitney of the United States are the three major manufacturers of aircraft engines in the world.
For example, most of the instruments used in China's aviation industry come from abroad, and many foreign companies occupy major markets. According to the data, as early as 2019, China's existing general aviation instrument market sales of about 50 billion yuan, of which imported equipment sales reached 30 billion yuan, equipment annual sales reached 20 billion yuan, more than 90% rely on imports. Of course, aviation equipment is not only this, but also has many categories.
Fourth, the aero engine nacelle
The nacelle is the cabin in which the engine is placed on the aircraft, and the main job is to fix the engine, optimize the engine airflow, and protect the engine from external damage. At present, the new generation of large bypass than aero engine nacelles is mainly provided by the top manufacturer of the aviation industry, the American Guderich, and China is still blank in this important field. It is estimated that in the next 20 years, the market space of China's civil large and medium-sized aero engines will exceed 1.6 trillion yuan, and the nacelles, which account for about 1/4 of the cost of aircraft engines, are expected to have a market space of about 400 billion yuan in the future.
The nacelle is the cabin where the engine is placed on the aircraft, commonly known as the "house", which looks like a fairing, and is mainly composed of the engine intake, fairing, internal fixture, reverse thrust device and tail nozzle, which plays the role of rectifier, noise reduction, protection and provides a platform for the installation of engine part accessories.
As the core equipment of the engine, the importance of the aviation nacelle is self-evident. But there are only three companies in the world that can develop civilian large-bypass ratio engines: General Electric (GE) in the United States, Pratt & Whitney Group, and Rolls-Royce in the United Kingdom. In fact, there are only 2 companies in the world that can independently develop high-thrust large-culvert ratio turbofan engine nacelles. One is the top aviation manufacturer GoodRich in the United States, whose products are used in the Boeing 878 and Airbus A350/A320neo, etc.; the other is Nexcelle, a joint venture between the United States General Motors and France's Safran, which has provided nacelles to the propulsion systems of Boeing 737, A330 and other aircraft.
It is worth mentioning that Safran Under the Safran Group is the world's leading aircraft engine cabin manufacturer, responsible for the design, manufacture and support of aircraft engine cabins, is currently the only cabin manufacturer in the world to participate in all market segments, more than 1/4 of the civil aircraft in the Chinese market useSafran's products. And we are still blank in this important area.
Fifth, high-end bearing steel
High-end bearing steel is used to manufacture precision bearing raw materials, small bearings seem inconspicuous, but it is regarded as "the joint of high-end equipment", such as high-speed rail, large aircraft, submarines, warships and other "national heavy weapons" are inseparable from it.
How hard is high-end bearing steel? First of all, high-end bearing steel needs to withstand strong extrusion, how strong is the "strong force"? For example, in 2020, China's "Struggle" submersible dived ten thousand meters deep in the Mariana Trench, and its pressure is about 1,000 atmospheres, compared with the pressure of high-end bearing steel to reach 15,000 to 50,000 atmospheres, and the steel ball under this "strong" can not be deformed is very rare, it can be said that it is a "tough guy in steel".
It is not enough to withstand strong extrusion, high-end bearing steel also has to withstand the friction, ultra-high temperature and centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, and the bearing in a special working environment has special requirements, such as low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and anti-magnetic properties. Therefore, the working environment of high-end bearings is severe and complex, and the quality of bearing steel is extremely demanding.
Previously, our high-end bearing steels were often imported from top bearing manufacturers such as Schaeffler in Germany, NSK in Japan, and SKF in Sweden.
In the steel industry, the steel of 8 PPM is usually good steel, while the steel of 5 PPM belongs to the top steel, and the high-end bearing needs the top steel. The research and development, manufacturing and sales of high-end bearing steel are basically monopolized by the world's bearing giants Timken in the United States, SKF in Sweden, and Ovoco in Sweden. And these foreign giants in our Shandong Yantai, Jinan to purchase China's low-end materials, the use of their core technology to make high-end bearings, and then sell back to the Chinese market at ten times the price.
According to statistics, the vehicle technology of China's EMUs is in a leading position in the world, but the production of key materials in key technologies such as wheelsets, bogies and gearboxes is still in the stage of running or running together. In particular, the domestic EMU axles mainly rely on imports, and it is worth mentioning that there is a lack of systematic technical reserves in terms of technical requirements and material technical standards for EMU axles. The axlebox bearing brands used in the EMUs produced by domestic OEMs are all european and Japanese.
For example, there is a certain gap between the stability and fatigue life of the metallurgical quality of vacuum degassing bearing steel in China and the high-quality vacuum deaerated steel (steel for high-speed rail bearings) in Foreign countries. However, the domestic leader Xingcheng Special Steel has conquered a series of technologies, and finally produced a high-end bearing steel with the world's advanced level - after two years of testing and fatigue life testing, the fatigue life of Xingcheng continuous casting bearing steel has reached 1150 hours, which is 2.5 times that of European bearing steel. However, comprehensive transcendence in this area still requires time and unremitting effort.
Sixth, high-strength stainless steel
Ultra-high strength stainless steel is an important part of stainless steel, although the output is not high, but the variety of specifications, high quality requirements, especially in the national defense and military industry and the national economy of various departments of the application is increasingly extensive, is a high-tech content, high value-added products. There is no recognized definition of this steel class, and stainless steels with Rp0.2 greater than 600MPa are usually called high-strength stainless steels; high-strength stainless steels with Rp0.2 and greater than 1380MPa are called ultra-high-strength stainless steels.
This steel is a new material developed in World War II to meet the needs of military aircraft, rockets and missiles. The 1950s and 1960s were the era of precipitation hardened stainless steel, and the 1970s to 1980s were the era of rapid development of aging stainless steel, and now it is still constantly innovating and developing at a high speed. In the field of high-strength stainless steel in the world, many countries are still subject to Europe and the United States. It is worth mentioning that the American Carnegie Illionois Steel Company successfully developed the first generation of martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel - Stainless W as early as 1946.
7. Photoresist
The so-called photoresist is one of the key materials for microelectronics technology in micro-pattern processing, especially in the field of large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits in recent years. The printing industry is another important area for photoresist applications. Photoresist is an organic compound that changes solubility in the developer solution after it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The photoresist used in the manufacture of silicon wafers is applied to the surface of the wafer in a liquid state and then dried into a gel film.
As early as 2018, japan's five companies, such as JSR, Tokyo Yinghua, Rohm & Haas, Shin-Etsu Chemical and Fuji Electronic Materials, accounted for 87% of the market share. Later, Rohm and Haas have been acquired by Dow in the United States, so the market share of the four photoresist companies in Japan accounts for 72%. From the perspective of scale, among the three Japanese photoresist companies such as JSR and Shingoe Chemical, Shingoe Chemical is undoubtedly the largest. Just look at the revenue scale of Shin-etsu Chemical, as early as fiscal year 2019, it reached the scale of trillion yen, and from the perspective of growth capacity, Shin-etsu Chemical is the most stable growth among the three Japanese photoresist companies.
8. Target material
In the field of target materials, we are still highly dependent on imports, and no company in China has been able to provide high-purity metal targets before, and the global market is almost completely monopolized by overseas companies such as Hitachi Metal and TDK. For example, Japan's famous JX company, which occupies about 60% of the global target new products, has maintained the advantage of technological origin, and naturally occupies a dominant position in the future market. The preparation of high-end rare precious metal targets is mainly concentrated in Japan, the United States, Germany and other countries. From the industrial field, the localization rate of small whip materials is relatively high, while large targets rely on imports.
Nine, epoxy resin
In the high-end field of epoxy resins, almost all European and American countries, such as Total, CVC; Copth Industries in the United States; such as the famous German giant Dow Chemical Dow, Covestro Covestro (one of the world's largest suppliers of thermoplastic polyurethane resins under the world's top 500 Bayer Group), BASF, DSM DSM, Huntsman Huntsman (founded in 1970, the world's leading brand in the epoxy resin industry), and then the British Purolite Drift (Purolite Drift) (founded in 1970, the world's leading brand in the epoxy resin industry). The world's largest multinational group specializing in the production of ion exchange resins, the industry's leading brand). In fact, the domestic low-end varieties have serious overcapacity, while high-end products rely heavily on imports.
10. Microspheres
Microspheres are one of the core technologies we lack the most, what are microspheres? In layman's terms. Microspheres are only in the field of microelectronics, and we have to import microspheres worth tens of billions of yuan every year. It is worth mentioning that the spacer microspheres and conductive golden balls can only be provided by one or two Companies in Japan in the world. Even Samsung and LG, as well as the United States, do not have such technology.
The diameter of the microspheres is only one-thirtieth of the thickness of a hair, and a hundred microspheres per square millimeter are used on the screen of a mobile phone. The microspheres propped up two glass panels before filling the liquid crystal into the gap between the two glass panels. If it is missing lcd screen will not be able to produce. Without microspheres, many industries, such as chip production, LCD screen production, food safety detection, disease diagnosis, and biopharmaceuticals, will fall into embarrassing dilemmas. Therefore, this high-tech core technology is still in the blank.
11. High-end components
On the whole, China's semiconductor materials industry has made breakthroughs in various subdivisions after past development, but the products as a whole are still concentrated in the low-end field, and most of the world's high-end integrated circuit materials market is still monopolized by a few large international companies such as the United States, Japan, Europe, and South Korea. For example, MLCC is an indispensable component in electronic devices. Japanese electronic component manufacturers have formed seven industrial giants, kyocera, TDK, Murata Manufacturing, Nidec, Nidec, Nido electric, Alpine, and Roma, with their deep technical barriers.
For example, Murata's ceramic capacitors, complete specifications, can be a full range of customers and customer matching, and excellent quality, and finally recognized by many large customers; such as solar induced centralized research and development and production of high-capacity and other high-end specifications, its high-capacitance capacitor quality is stable, the price is cheaper, and it is favored by many machine manufacturers; for example, TDK is mainly engaged in small size and large capacity MLCC. The status of the above three is not easy to shake, and because of its high-end market, its bargaining power is also very strong. On the contrary, the low-end MLCC market, due to the fierce competition between civil machines, most of the customers are facing greater price pressure.
Japan's Kazuo Inamori once said: "Advanced materials will bring future breakthroughs to existing industrial technologies." "An important reason why Japan can dominate the passive component industry is the control of materials. It is worth mentioning that the raw materials of MLCC mainly include MLCC powder materials and metal electrodes. MLCC's powder materials include barium carbonate, titanium oxide, magnesium titanate and other materials, which are basically monopolized by Japanese companies.
In addition, according to the "Global Petroleum and Chemical Economic Analysis" data, 65% of the electronic ceramic powder market share is occupied by Japanese manufacturers, of which Japan Sakai Chemical accounted for 27%, is the world's largest ceramic powder producer; the United States Ferro followed, the global market share of 19%. In particular, the ceramic powders used in Japan's Murata, TDK, and Solar Electric Can be used for self-development and self-use, and as the core technology of the product, their technology is highly confidential, and the raw materials developed are not sold to the outside world.
12. Mobile phone RF devices
RF devices are the core of wireless connectivity and are the basic parts for signal transmission and reception, and have a wide range of applications. With the advent of 5G, the demand for RF devices will increase significantly, and the RF front-end market size is expected to exceed $25.8 billion by 2025. The world's three major enterprise giants monopolize the high-end RF chip market, they are: Skyworks (Skyworks), Qorvo and Broadcom (Broadcom), in addition, the United States Qualcomm also occupies a place, therefore, the above 4 companies are American companies, and the performance and reputation are very stable, and occupy more than 90% of the market share. In other words, the United States controls the current world market for smartphone communication chips.
Thirteen, haptic sensors
Haptic sensors are sensors used in robots to mimic haptic functions. According to the function, it can be divided into contact sensor, force-torque sensor, pressure sensor and slip sensor. Its principle is not complicated, that is, by applying pressure to an array with a "sense of touch", generating an electric current, and then transmitting a binary signal to the robot, and through a higher layer of algorithms to achieve a collaborative response of software and hardware, and then to achieve feedback of haptic operations, as well as input and output.
According to previous statistics, Europe and Japan occupy 18.52% and 14.86% of the global market share respectively, playing an important role that cannot be ignored. Any change in Europe and Japan could affect the trend towards haptic sensors. The world's leading players in the haptic sensor market are: Tekscan, Pressure Profile Systems, Sensor Products Inc., Weiss Robotics, SynTouch, Tacterion GmbH, etc. Arguably, these top companies once accounted for more than 71% of the total market share and are expected to maintain their dominance in the market during the forecast period.
14. Electronic manufacturing chips
In the field of chips, China's most powerful competitors should be South Korea and the United States, and China's chip influence in the global market is not strong. According to data released by Gartner, as early as 2017, none of the top ten semiconductor companies in terms of revenue scale belonged to Chinese companies, while as many as 5 in the United States, a veritable chip overlord. At the top of the list is South Korea's Samsung.
To tell the truth, in the short term, to get rid of the high dependence on foreign chip technology, there needs to be a gradual process, because chip technology like the United States, South Korea can develop to the extent that it is today, but also spent a lot of time, invested a lot of money, and spent several generations of efforts to obtain the current hegemony in the chip field.
Fifteen, lidar
According to global market research firm IHSMarket, global self-driving car sales will reach 600,000 units in 2025 and 21 million units in 2035. The development of autonomous driving is inseparable from the core component of lidar.
Most of the main forces of global lidar are concentrated in foreign countries, and famous manufacturers include: Velodyne, Ibeo, Innoviz, Leddar Tech and Quanergy. In fact, domestic lidar companies started late, and most of the domestic lidar products are used for service robots, terrain mapping, building surveying, etc., the price is cheap, and the higher technology is not yet mature.
Sixteen, high pressure piston pump
The high-pressure piston pump is the core component of high-end hydraulic equipment and is called the "heart" of the hydraulic system. Hydraulic system is one of the key components of the equipment manufacturing industry, is widely used in agricultural and forestry machinery, chemical industry, light textile machinery, energy industry machinery, metallurgical industry machinery, building materials industry machinery, machine tool industry, as well as military, aerospace, shipbuilding and so on. Previously, more than 90% of our high-pressure piston pumps relied on imports, and the technology was tightly sealed.
17. Vacuum evaporation machine
Vacuum evaporation machine is the core equipment of OLED production, in the process of producing OLED screen, to be through the vacuum evaporation machine OLED organic luminescent materials to the glass substrate accurately, uniformly and controllably evaporated, with simple film forming method, film purity and high compactness, membrane structure and performance of the advantages. Evaporation machine and evaporation process is one of the most difficult links in the OLED screen production process, it can be said that with a high-performance vacuum evaporation machine can be regarded as the real olED screen production ticket.
At present, the world's high-end evaporation machine is mainly monopolized by Japanese and Korean companies. After decades of development, Japanese companies that have mastered high-end evaporation machines have stood at the top of the OLED panel industry chain and dominated the development of the entire OLED industry chain. Vacuum evaporation machines are at the heart of the OLED panel manufacturing process. Previously, only Japan in the world could produce high-end vacuum evaporation machines, and it can be said that it choked the throat of the OLED industry.
18. Heavy-duty gas turbines
Heavy-duty gas turbines have always been a global must-compete field, because it is a large ship, submarine and other equipment, indispensable key devices, before we have long relied on imports.
As we all know, gas turbines are known as the "crown jewels" of manufacturing, and the cost is very expensive. The United States GE, Germany's Siemens, and Japan's Mitsubishi giants have almost monopolized the entire gas turbine market. It is worth mentioning that GE acquired Alstom's gas turbine business, making the monopoly situation more serious. In addition, Mitsubishi also ate the Pratt & Whitney gas turbine. The meaning of the monopoly of the big three is more clear.
It is worth mentioning that a female doctor in China once conquered the most cutting-edge components and broke the monopoly of developed countries. The self-developed heavy-duty gas turbine has made a breakthrough, but the practical stage will have to wait.
19. Milling cutter
German milling cutters lead the world. For example, the cost performance of Germany's KHC has been highly evaluated in the reputation of customers. In particular, customers who have cooperated with KHC generally say that the German KHC tungsten steel milling cutter is cost-effective. Several reasons: "KHC" is a German integral carbide imported tool brand; the use of the world's most advanced German and Swiss grinding equipment; the use of European high-quality tungsten steel rods, material grades of 0.2μ, 0.4μ tungsten steel very fine particles; with advanced PLATIT coating technology. German milling cutter companies are:
1) Walter
2) Becker: the world's famous manufacturer of superhard tools)
3) Botek (botek): the world's famous precision deep hole drilling manufacturer.
4) WIDIA: world-famous manufacturer of cutting tools
5) Wemaro: Is a professional supplier of original tools for german aluminum alloy and plastic steel profile processing equipment. With a good corporate image, excellent product quality and superior performance-price ratio, Weimano has become a well-known tool supplier.
6) JBO: JBO as the world's famous precision thread gauge plate tooth manufacturer.
7) Leitz :Formed by the combination of 6 well-known tool manufacturers.
8) MAPA :is the world's leading manufacturer of machining tools.
9) TITEX: It is a well-known name with more than 110 years of experience in the field of precision cutting tool manufacturing.
10) COBALT COLLAR (GUHRIGN): The German COBA COLLAR Group (GUHRIGN) is the world's third largest manufacturer of rotary tools.
20. Transmission electron microscopy and scanner
The four most common brands in the world: Japanese Electronics (JEOL), HITACHI, ZEISS and the United States FEI, these field launches are very good, and the global market share is relatively high. In addition, the strength of the Dutch Finner (PHENOM) is also very good, and there was a LaB6 scanning electron microscope launched. Philips Electron Optics also launched the world's first commercial transmission electron microscope "EM100", it can be said that Philips Electronic Optics has always been recognized as one of the world's leading leaders in the electron microscopy industry.
It is worth mentioning that FEI is a well-known high-tech company in the United States, an innovator and leading supplier of solutions for the global nanotechnology community, which produces products mainly for semiconductors, data storage, structural biology, materials and industrial fields. There is a lack of talents and key technologies in China, and there is no previous manufacturer of transmission electron microscopy in China, and there is only one manufacturer of scanning electron microscopy, Beijing Zhongke Instrument.
21. TBM main bearing
TBM (full-section tunnel TBM), is a very modern construction machinery, not only boring, but also with slag removal, transportation and support functions, the length of up to 200 meters, the total weight of hundreds of tons or even thousands of tons, is one of the necessary machinery for underground space construction, because of its advanced nature, the value of a single unit is usually as high as tens of millions to hundreds of millions of yuan. The whole machine manufacturing of this machinery has no problem with domestic technology, but the most critical main bearings almost all rely on imports.
The main TBM bearing bears the load throughout the mechanical operation, and without it, the entire TBM would not be able to work. In the underground enclosed space, the work of the TBM is almost entirely driven by the main bearing, and the working space environment of this component is more harsh, often exceeding 100 degrees Celsius, and it has to withstand tens of thousands of tons of thrust in the process, which is difficult to imagine, and the modern construction industry is extremely strict about the reliability indicators of the main bearing of the TBM. It is worth mentioning that the global TBM main bearing market is mainly monopolized by four giants such as Rott Aide, IMO, FAG and Sweden's SKF.
22. Ultra-special polishing process
The world's top polishing process is only mastered by a few countries in the United States and Japan, there have been media reports: Scientists in Germany, Japan and other countries spent 5 years and spent nearly 10 million yuan to create a high-purity silicon-28 material made of round balls, this 1kg pure silicon ball requires ultra-precision processing grinding polishing, precision measurement (spherical degree, roughness, quality ... ), arguably the most rounded ball in the world.
Ultra-precision polishing technology, in the modern electronics industry to complete the mission, not only to flatten different materials, but also to flatten multi-layer materials, so that a few millimeters square silicon wafers through this 'global flattening' to form tens of thousands to millions of transistors composed of super-large scale integrated circuits. For example, the computer invented by human beings has changed from tens of tons to hundreds of grams now, and it is absolutely impossible without ultra-precision polishing, it is the soul of technology.
The top polishing processes in the United States, Japan and other countries can already meet the precision polishing requirements of 60-inch substrate raw materials (which are super large sizes), and they control the core technology of the ultra-precision polishing process and firmly grasp the initiative of the global market. In fact, controlling this technology also controls the development of the electronics manufacturing industry to a large extent.
It is worth mentioning that the grinding discs of the Japanese polishing machine are customized, do not carry out mass production, and directly limit the imitation of other countries; the polishing equipment in the United States is sold to China, and the price is generally more than 10 million yuan. Therefore, the United States and Japan have a tight technical blockade, especially in the field of ultra-precision polishing, the material composition and production process of polishing machine grinding discs in the United States and Japan have always been a mystery.
It is worth mentioning that our country has made some leapfrog progress. Even polishing fluids are mainly American and Japanese companies, but the advantages have gradually shortened. However, the polishing fluid market is mainly monopolized by American and Japanese companies, such as Cabot Microelectronics, Versum and Fujimi in Japan. Among them, CabotMicroelectronics has the highest global polishing fluid market share.