Today's summer, compared with the ancient temperature rise a lot, but with the development of modern technology, people's ability to resist the heat has also been greatly improved. So how did the ancients resist the sweltering heat?
Is it true that the ancients wore long coats in the summer, just like in film and television works?
In fact, these are people's stereotypes, the impression of the ancients is stereotypical and conservative, but in fact, the ancients dressed in the summer is even bolder than modern people.
The ancients were very sensitive to the changes of the seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter will welcome four o'clock, change the corresponding clothes according to the season, wear clothes made of light and thin materials in summer, wear thick clothes in winter, and even use animal fur to resist the cold.
This actually reflects the ancients' admiration for heaven and their belief in the unity of heaven and man. It is recorded in the "Zhi zhongzhi": On the fourth day of the first month of March, the palace relatives changed their robes... On the fourth day of the first month of April, the courtiers changed into gowns.
"Plain Gauze Zen Dress", Yarn Robe from here on
Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, once unearthed a "plain yarn Zen dress", the clothes weigh less than 50 grams, rolled up as large as a small egg, even if stacked on ten layers, the words under the clothes can be clearly seen. In modern times, it is not difficult to make such a yarn, but it was more than 2,000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, and the level of craftsmanship at that time was evident.
The excavation of the yarn also shows that at least the ancients had mastered such a light and thin yarn making method in the Western Han Dynasty, which provided the possibility for future generations to wear yarn in Xia.
Originally, the gauze was only a decorative coat for other clothes, and a thin layer of gauze was worn on the outside of the brocade or silk, which could make the inner layer of brocade and silk more gorgeous and rich, and the exquisite embroidery also appeared ethereal like a cloud. However, with the maturity of yarn technology, yarn has gradually become the first choice for summer clothing.
So how thin is the gauze? There was once an allusion to the five-fold yarn, it is said that an exotic merchant saw a Tang Dynasty merchant and asked him why the mole on your body was still visible after wearing two clothes? Shang Jia smiled and told him to walk in, and it turned out that he was wearing five pieces of yarn.
From this, we can see how thin the gauze is, and through the clothes you can see the moles on the body, and you can also see how bold the ancients were in dressing.
Nobles wear yarn, and people wear linen
Li Qingzhao wrote "thin sweat light clothing", a little sweat can actually penetrate the clothes, which can be seen that it is light and cool, but it can also be seen that the yarn is precious.
In ancient times, the lack of resource exploitation and the limited technology of craftsmanship determined that the "yarn clothes" could be enjoyed by the royal family or the dignitaries. So how do ordinary people wear it?
In the summer, ordinary people wear clothes to cool down, linen is the most relieving choice, hemp is an herb, people often take neck phloem fibers to weave into clothes. Hemp is a year-round plant, so the amount of production can meet the needs of the people throughout the year.
But hemp is easily wet by sweat, in order to avoid this embarrassment, the ancients often wear a bamboo coat inside the linen, bamboo clothing breathable sweat, but there is a feeling of cool mat wearing on the body, the comfort is general.
The ancients were more bold in the choice of pants, and ancient adults often wore "open crotch pants". The so-called open crotch pants are actually "shin clothes", only the trouser tube wraps the thighs, and the vacuum underneath.
Shin clothes are very convenient for ancient aristocratic women, forced by the need for liturgy, they will not only wear a thin yarn, generally in the long skirt inside the shirt, jacket, wearing is very cumbersome, because of this, they often wear shin clothes in the skirt, not only cool, the toilet is also very convenient.
"Thin, transparent, dewy" is not kitsch
The ancient women of the ancient summer folk did not have so many ritual shackles, dressed more boldly, and also paid attention to the three elements of modern dressing style: "thin, transparent and dew". But it must not be viewed with a secular eye, and the main purpose of a woman's dress is mainly to dissipate heat and not to flatter.
As for the difference in aesthetic and social mainstream trends in different dynasties, their clothing is also reflected differently on the basis of these three elements.
During the Han and Wei dynasties, the appreciation of women's beauty was mainly concentrated on the arms, so at that time women were mainly exposed to their arms, which not only avoided overheating in summer clothing, but also showed female charm. By the Tang Dynasty, the social aesthetic gradually changed, and everyone dressed up hit the chest position, and the exaggerated even exposed most of the chest.
Tang Dynasty beauties pay attention to abundance, which not only shows the greatest feminine charm, but also provides a possibility for the variety of costumes. In the Song Dynasty, there were obvious changes, and under the influence of Cheng Zhu Lixue, the moral constraints on women became more and more serious, so the summer costumes in this period were very conservative and dignified, and the overall style changed greatly.
Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the ancients not only paid attention to the changes of the four seasons, but even closely related to the cultural atmosphere of the entire era. The ancients were by no means stereotypically conservative and pedantic, and they had great wisdom in their clothing and life.
epilogue:
Compared with the present, many people think that the life of the ancients is very backward, but the truth is just the opposite,
From the bold and diverse clothing of the ancients, it can be seen that the ancient life is also very colorful, and Tang Xianzu's "Peony Pavilion" wrote that "the beautiful scenery of the good day is the day, and the pleasure is enjoyable." Writes about the joys of the ancients when they spent their good times.
The ancients did not have mobile phones, the Network still created a boring activity, and friends "qushui flow", "alpine flowing water" to find a voice. Without air conditioning and refrigerators, you can survive the heat with wisdom and craftsmanship, and dress up much bolder and more open than today's stereotypes.
This reflects the chinese nation's continued creativity, which can always create fun in an environment that cannot be done. It also reflects the uninterrupted wisdom of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.