Learn about morphine

What is morphine? What is the pharmacological effect?

Morphine is a representative drug for the treatment of severe cancer pain, an anesthetic drug specially administered by the state, its injection can only be used in hospitals, tablets can be used outside the hospital, and the regulations on the management of narcotic drugs must be strictly observed.

Pharmacological effect of morphine

1. Central nervous system

(1) Analgesic: This product has a strong analgesic effect, effective for all kinds of pain, the effect on dull pain is greater than sharp pain, and the visceral colic must be combined with antispasmodic drugs (this product can improve smooth muscle tone).

(2) Sedation and euphoria: This product has obvious sedative effect, can eliminate anxiety, tension, fear, etc. caused by pain, emotional response, thereby significantly improving the tolerance to pain, this product can produce euphoria, easy to lead to addiction, so that its application is limited.

(3) Inhibition of breathing: Respiratory depression is the cause of morphine death

(4) Antitussive: suppresses the cough center.

(5) Shrinking pupils, pinpoint-like when poisoned

(6) Others: Excitement delays the chemical receptor area of brain emetics, causing nausea and vomiting.

2. Cardiovascular system

(1) Dilated peripheral vascular orthostatic hypotension

(2) Cerebral vasodilation increased intracranial pressure

(3) Protects ischemic myocardium

3. Smooth muscles

(1) Gastrointestinal tract: constipation (1) improve gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone, slow peristalsis, increase sphincter tone (2) inhibit the secretion of digestive juices (3) inhibit the center

(2) Biliary tract: biliary colic, oddis sphincter contraction

(3) Others: decreased uterine tone, delay of labor, high external sphincter tone, urinary retention, large doses of contraction of the bronchi, inducing asthma

4. Suppress immunity

(2) Clinical application

1. Analgesia

(1) Due to the strong addiction of this product, it is only used for acute sharp pain (severe trauma, burns, etc.) that are ineffective with other analgesics.

(2) Can be used for severe pain caused by myocardial infarction (morphine has analgesic, sedative, vasodilatory effects, so it not only relieves pain, but also eliminates tension and reduces the burden on the heart)

(3) Biliary colic and renal colic should be used with atropine.

2. Cardiogenic asthma

3. Antidiarrhea

(3) Adverse reactions

1. Therapeutic amount: there is dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dysuria, biliary colic, respiratory depression. Side effects such as drowsiness.

2. Continuous repeated use: the therapeutic amount is 3 times / day, continuous use of 1-2 weeks can be addicted, addicts to the drug tolerance and dependence, once the drug is discontinued, withdrawal symptoms (excitement, insomnia, lacrimation, runny nose, sweating, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, and even prostration, loss of consciousness, etc.), if given the treatment amount of morphine, the symptoms disappear immediately.

3. Acute poisoning: excessive dose can cause acute poisoning, coma, respiratory depression, pupil reduction into pinpoint, blood pressure drop or even shock, death from respiratory paralysis. Morphine antagonists (naloxone) are injected for detoxification.

(4) Contraindications

Analgesia during childbirth, analgesia during lactation, bronchial asthma, patients with cor pulmonale, head injury, patients with increased cranial pressure and patients with severe hepatic function.