The Spring Festival is approaching, and the warm picture of a family's happy and harmonious harmony must be indispensable to food. However, the old, middle-aged and young people should pay attention to the interaction between food and drugs, especially the elderly should pay more attention to food in the process of taking drugs, which will affect physical health. Let's take a look at which foods interact with drugs?
food
Different types of food contain different chemical components and their contents, and different chemical components have an important impact on drugs. Food-drug interactions may cause reduced absorption or increased excretion of the drug, enhance or weaken the efficacy of the drug, and sometimes even increase toxic side effects, resulting in treatment failure and adverse reactions.
High-protein foods (soy, beef, cheese) produce a large number of amino acids in the intestine that hinder the absorption of levodopa, which can significantly reduce the efficacy of the drug, similar drugs such as theophylline drugs and antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine).
Foods rich in vitamin K (spinach, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, carrots) can reduce the anticoagulant effect of the anticoagulant warfarin.
Mineral-containing foods (milk, dairy products, kelp, soy products, shrimp skins) can reduce the dissolution of cimetidine, thereby reducing the efficacy.
wine
The main ingredient of alcohol is ethanol, which can cause alcoholism by drinking a lot of alcohol and should be avoided during medication. The degree to which the drug works is related to the dose of the drug reaching the site of action, and alcohol changes the effect of the drug by affecting its function. In addition to the well-known cephalosporins that cannot be taken with alcohol, what other common drugs need to be paid attention to?
Both ethanol and aspirin can damage the gastrointestinal mucosa, and taking aspirin or a combination of aspirin-containing preparations with alcohol may cause gastric bleeding and gastric perforation in patients with gastric ulcers. Ethanol significantly inhibits the oxidative metabolic process of sedative hypnotic drugs such as diazepam and barbiturates in the body, prolongs its half-life, produces obvious synergistic effects, significantly enhances toxicity, and it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol during taking such drugs, and patients dependent on ethanol should strictly control the dose of such drugs. Metformin and other hypoglycemic drugs and alcohol interaction, prone to hypoglycemia and vomiting, headache, heart rate acceleration.
Fruit juice
Aquatic juice can significantly change the metabolic kinetics of some drugs, and several common aquatic juices can inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 enzyme to varying degrees, and the inhibitory ability is grapefruit juice> black mulberry juice> wild grape juice> pomegranate juice > Black berry juice. Grapefruit juice can slow down the metabolism of drugs metabolized by the liver, resulting in an increase in the concentration of drugs in the body and an increase in adverse reactions. There are nearly 40 drugs in which grapefruit juice interacts, which can increase the concentrations of tenfenadine, felodipine, nisodipine, lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, cyclosporine, midazolam, buspirone, cisapride, astemizole, imipramine, warfarin, theophylline, caffeine, erythromycin, etc., which can reduce the bioavailability of itraconazole, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus. Therefore, avoid drinking grapefruit juice during medication.
Tea
Tea is the most commonly used beverage on the mainland, and tea is almost a necessary etiquette for visitors Chinese. Tea contains a large number of tannic acid, caffeine, catechol and theophylline, etc., of which tannic acid can be combined with a variety of metal-containing drugs such as iron, calcium, aluminum precipitation, thereby affecting the absorption of metal-containing drugs Tannic acid can lose activity with pepsin or probiotics, weaken the efficacy of digestive aids, which are combined with tetracyclines, macrolide antibiotics to affect antibacterial activity, on the contrary, tetracycline, macrolide antibiotics can also inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, enhance the toxicity of theophylline, Usually clinically, adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting occur in patients taking the drug, so it is not advisable to drink tea when taking the above two types of antibiotics. In addition, taking iron should also avoid tea, because iron ions will be combined with the tannic acid in tea leaves to precipitate reaction and difficult to absorb.
Tips for taking medication
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(1) When taking Western medicine, it should be taken with boiled water, and cannot be taken with various beverages such as juice, dairy products, tea, wine, etc., and all kinds of drinks, especially wine, should not be taken during the period of taking the drug.
(2) For those foods that can significantly reduce absorption and delay the effect, so that the efficacy of drugs (rifampicin, tetracycline, cefotaxin, antacids, stomach drugs, cefaclor) should be taken 1h before meals or 3h after meals, and enteric-coated tablets should be used for gastric irritation.
(3) For drugs that can increase the absorption or efficiency of food (such as griseofulvin, doxycycline tablets), it is advisable to take it after meals, but pay attention to the dose.
(4) Patients who use glucocorticoids for a long time, in addition to potassium supplementation, the diet should be low sugar, low salt, high protein, and high calcium. Because glucocorticoids can promote the body's gluconeogenesis, protein decomposition increases, synthesis decreases, and at the same time preserves sodium, potassium and calcium. Therefore, according to the above principles, the diet can prevent and reduce its side effects.
(5) When taking iron, you should eat foods rich in vitamin C, such as vegetables, fruits, beef, fish, etc., which can enhance the solubility of iron salts to facilitate the absorption of iron, thereby increasing the efficacy.
(6) Taking potassium-draining diuretic drugs (hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide) should eat high-potassium foods, such as green vegetables, bananas, oranges and soy products, to prevent hypokalemia.
(7) When taking hypolipidemic drugs, excessive intake of animal fats and saturated fatty acids should be avoided.
Author: District Health Commission
Correspondent: Guo Nan, Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University
Editor: Chen Meiling