The fun is endless
——At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the famous "Long Lian Sacred Hand" Zhong Yunfang Chun lian
Pang Guoxiang
Zhong Yunfang, a famous Bashu talent in the late Qing Dynasty and known as the "Sacred Hand of Changlian", created more than 5,000 pairs of Yanglian in one body. There are more than 1,800 copies of the Zhenzhentang Joint Manuscript that were printed in the 32nd year of Guangxu. Among them, there are only more than 60 pairs of Spring League. Most of these Spring Festivals were written by him when he was living in Jiangjin County as a school teacher at the request of the people of urban and rural areas, and a few were written on the outskirts of Chengdu. Part of it was made in a rural old house thirty miles away in Jiangjin County.
The creation of the Spring Festival league by literati of any era is inseparable from two major themes: one is festive, singing praises of the Taiping and prosperous world, all auspicious and wishful words; the other is to pin hopes on the New Year's fortune and good fortune, and pray for blessings. These two themes can be said to be the eternal themes of the Spring Festival. However, in Zhong Yunfang's Spring League, it is very different from these two themes. Most of it reflected the cold living conditions of urban and rural farming families at that time, and some reflected the most miserable living conditions of the lowest peasants at that time. Through Zhong Yunfang's seemingly game-like but endlessly evocative Spring League, we see the wind and bone steel needles of the needles.
Zhong Yunfang wrote that there are five typical pairs of Spring Leagues of the Cultivating Reading Family:
Bitter years, bitter New Year, New Year bitter, bitter years, years and years
Good reading, good reading, good reading, good book reading, shutian books and children.
——The league repeatedly transposed, one chant and three sighs, using lianzhu and heavy words, etc., to express the poor mood of the Cultivating Reading Family (including the Zhong family). Coupled with the combination and arrangement of the three words "New Year's bitterness" and "reading a good book", it constitutes the meaning of "yue".
For the state reserve talent, several volumes of Confucian books to train children;
With people, generally yin and shadow pay their children and grandchildren.
——This joint shows that Zhong Yunfang, as a rural school teacher, is not willing to degenerate himself in the life of poverty and illness, tirelessly and indoctrinates the spirit of the villagers, not only has the sense of loss of the hero's useless place, but also has the philosophy of being friends with the neighbors and being a good neighbor. The image of a poor intellectual in the feudal era jumped out of the paper.
Do not read poetry books, afraid of tired children and grandchildren to add vulgar bones;
Can be poor and lowly, partial to words and greedy.
——Although this Spring Festival is "writing", it still appears very profound and natural. At the same time appear plain and realistic. The life of the "poetry and book family" and "cultivating and reading family" at that time was described in three points, and it was wonderful.
Joke about a Sorcerer, Fable Seventeen, Nine Words;
Teach several Confucius, three hundred sutras, three thousand rites.
——This Spring Festival does not lose its romantic mood, a wave of the hand, a vast artistic conception, everything is enjoyed, the literary atmosphere is light and elegant without sheding the arrogance, and an old scholar in urban and rural areas is about to come out.
Floating clouds outside the sky to see the rich;
The eldest children and grandchildren of the bamboo cultivation in front of him
——This Spring Festival has a slightly transcendent interest in romance, showing a kind of romantic Taoist thought that is flowing and strange.
Zhong Yunfang was the lowest "grassroots" literati in China's feudal society. He was very sympathetic to the working people and hated the unequal social system of exploitation of man, the oppression of man and the bullying of feudal bureaucracy. He once described the life of the poor people at the bottom of the three pairs, which are very interesting and profound.
One
Dreams of making a living are often broken;
Debt seekers are not idle.
——The life of the association is rich in atmosphere, more village courtyard atmosphere, giving people a strong infection. It seems to be an understatement, but in fact it is a very profound exposure of the cruel exploitation of the working people by the feudal rulers. It reflects the tragic experience of the working people at the bottom, a portrayal of "Yang Bailao" hiding debts.
Second:
A few poor bones, prop up luck;
Two big eyes, look down.
The league depicts the real life of the toiling people at the lowest level, and shows the strong dissatisfaction of the poor and skinny working people with the feudal system of eating and its rulers. This is a portrayal and epitome of their painful struggle on the line of death. At the same time, this joint also reflects Zhong Yunfang's spirit of daring to struggle. An image of an iron skeleton jumped out of the paper.
Zhong Yunfang's neighbor is a man in his 50s named Xu Dafang, who earns sweat money as a porter at Jiangjin Tongtaimen Wharf. His cousin has a very nice name called Jian Zongyan, but this woman is also a bitter person, and after marrying Xu Dafang, she washed clothes for rich people in the city. The life of their family is very difficult, but they are very generous and never difficult with people. During the Spring Festival of the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1902), Zhong Yunfang sent Xu Dafang and Jian Zongyan's family a spring league specially written for their family:
Do things generously;
It's easy to celebrate the New Year.
——This Spring League is very cleverly embedded in the harmonic sounds of "Xu Dafang" and "Jian Zongyan", which appears atmospheric, popular and open, elegant and vulgar, vulgar and elegant, and it is clear and clear to read, not only feeling light and relaxed, but also without losing deep resentment and deep feelings, and infinite charm. After reading it, although I felt a little helpless, I also felt that it was not real.
Zhong Yunfang's various Spring Leagues are really profound in meaning and endlessly interesting. It is not only witty and humorous, vivid and interesting, but also elegant cameras, individual and even kitsch, absurd and exquisite, showing a profound theme, that is, the exposure and criticism of the feudal system and its ruling class - which shows the wind and bones of Zhong Yunfang.
(Pang Guoxiang is a member of the Chinese Writers Association and chairman of the Jiangjin District Writers Association.) He is currently working for the Cultural and Tourism Committee of Jiangjin District, Chongqing)