Wei Liye
In 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu), the Boxer Rebellion triggered the Gengzi Rebellion, and the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an with the Guangxu Emperor and the princely chancellor Canghuang, passing through Linyi, Shanxi. Because this escape was a matter of great shame and humiliation, there are few records in the history of the Qing Dynasty. However, in Linyi folklore, there are many legends related to this trip.
The Lee Bureau was enfeoffed
It is said that when Cixi fled to Xi'an, she was not escorted by the Qing Imperial Forest Army, but found a private dart bureau, which was the most powerful Dart Bureau in Beijing at that time.
Why is this arrangement? Cixi's considerations were: first, the escort of the Yulin Army was too conspicuous; second, the Qing army at that time was very corrupt, many soldiers smoked marijuana, and their combat effectiveness was very poor.
The predecessor of the Li's Dart Bureau was the Pingyao Dart Bureau in Shanxi, which had a great prestige in Cangzhou and Shanxi, and Cixi's escape route was this route. Escorted by them, they are familiar with the road, know how to escape foreign pursuits, and do not have to worry about the good men of the green forest robbing along the road. Because the dart bureau usually deals with the characters of the green forest, understands the jargon on the rivers and lakes, is familiar with both black and white, and has a good geographical relationship. Therefore, it is relatively safe.
Along the way, the bureau took good care of Cixi and was very thoughtful. In order to show Cixi's noble status, they decorated Cixi's palanquin with yellow cloth and lit a special incense in the palanquin, so that Cixi did not feel smelly after going to the toilet in the palanquin. Along the way, he also recruited maids everywhere, and after strict training, arranged to serve Cixi. This was originally a refugee, but it was like a trip, and I have to say that Lee's dart board is too "professional"!
Under the intimate escort of The Li Bureau, Cixi and his party arrived in Taiyuan safely. But after staying for a few days, Cixi felt that this place was not accustomed to living in the remote area, and asked the Li Bureau to continue to escort her to Xi'an.
The road was relatively safe, but fortunately there was no accident. Cixi believes that this is entirely due to the Li dart bureau. Therefore, it was greatly appreciated and specially named "the first dart game in the world".
Qi Rennuan was given the title
Yidao (驿道) is the main thoroughfare of land transportation in ancient China, also known as the official road. In the Qing Dynasty, present-day Linyi, Shanxi Was a necessary place for the Jingshu to travel to and from DaguanDao. The Jingshu Daguan Road starts from Baoding and Zhengding in Beijing to the west, enters Shanxi from Jinglu, passes through Pingding, Shouyang, yuci, and then passes through Taigu, Qixian, Pingyao, Jiexiu, Lingshi, Huozhou, Hongdong, Linfen, Wenxi, Anyi, Linjin, Yongji to Tongguan, and then leads to Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan and other places. There are 125 stations along the road in Shanxi, ranking fifth in the country, of which the original Jinfanqiao Station was one of the important stations in Shangguhedong, the official road from Beijing to Xi'an at that time.
When Empress Dowager Cixi fled west to Xi'an, she entered the Yi clan from An Yi and took a nap at the NiuDu Business Hall, where her subjects flocked to worship. Niudu, an ancient town that has long prospered since the Ming and Qing dynasties, is therefore more prestigious.
Cixi was originally going to spend the night at Fanqiao Station, but when She walked from Xiangluo to Songyang Qi ren, it was nearly dusk, the sky changed suddenly, the wind and rain were mixed, and she had to stay in a rich merchant family in the village surnamed Wang. When the head of the household was young, he opened a private school, and in his later years he and his son ran a futon sewing workshop. When I heard that the nobles of the capital came to stay, I was very happy, and I was busy instructing the next person to warmly entertain and bring the most high-grade futons in the workshop for the guests to live. Due to the bumps in the road and the fact that he did not forget to read the chapter, Lafayette did not sleep a good night for a long time. When she came to the Wang family that night, she laid down a unicorn mattress and covered it with a dragon and phoenix quilt, and slept until dawn. The texture of the royal futon not only made her very appreciative, but also the miraculous effect of the futon also cured Lafayette's insomnia, which made her deeply curious, and she wrote three big characters of "Guangshengyuan" for the old master's workshop. "Guang", that is, it is popular and has broad prospects; "Sheng", that is, inheriting and carrying forward, prospering and developing; "Source", that is, idyllic fertile soil, moisturizes all things. Its meaning is to say: Guangshengyuan's quilt, collect the essence of heaven and earth, enjoy the warmth of the world, cover the quilt or pure ecology is good.
Before and after the Xinhai Revolution, Guangshengyuan's futon factory was once prosperous and sold well in the market. After the reform and opening up, Wang's descendant Di Xiaomei re-registered and listed the old brand, "Guangshengyuan" Quilt Production Co., Ltd. on the basis of inheriting tradition, innovation and development, integration of modern elements, in accordance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system, operation and production, has achieved great development. The futon produced by it is favored by consumers because of its green environmental protection, pure ecology, strong breathability, sterilization and bacteriostatic characteristics, and has been exported to Taiyuan, Xi'an, Qinghai, Beijing, Shanghai and the United States.
Renamed "Next" to "Shengyang"
Early the next morning, the rain passed and the sky was clear. Empress Dowager Cixi and her party began to march through Songyang towards Linjin County.
Shengyang is located ten kilometers southwest of the county seat of Yishi. It is said that in ancient times, the village was built by the two surnames of Xia and Ren, and because it was located on a major traffic road, it gradually prospered, so it was named Xia Ren Street. XiaRen Street was originally a dependency of the ancient XieCheng, which was under the jurisdiction of the former Yi clan before the Qin Dynasty, and xie county after the Han Dynasty, and its county seat was between the villages of Chengxi and Chengdong in present-day Miaoshang Township. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the county was dismantled and divided into southern and northern xie, and the northern xie county administration was moved to Sangquan (present-day Linjin Town). Local officials, celebrities and villagers, feeling lost, unequal and resentful, jokingly referred to Xia Ren Street as "The Next Street". Xia Chao Village, east of Xia Ren Street (Tang Sancai, which was excavated from the village in 1980 with the inscription Xia Chao Village), was also renamed "Xia Chao" Village.
It is said that when Cixi and her party came to Xia ren Street, they stopped and asked, "Where is this place?" Some villagers replied: "The next street." Lafayette originally wanted to ask for a word of auspiciousness in "Ancient Xie County", but what he heard was an ominous incantation, and he suddenly felt disappointed and displeased. She looked around, staring at the majestic Emei Ridge in the north and the rising sun in the east, and said casually, "Let's call it a Songyang Town!" A "yang" character (the south of the ridge is yang, and the south of the water is yin) a "yang" character, which tells the warm memories and attachment of the people of Limin to Guxie County for thousands of years. Everyone shouted on the spot: "Lafayette is smart"! Praised her for giving the place a good name.
Later, in order to share this gift of "Lafayette", the two counties of Yishi and Linjin specially erected two inscriptions of "Yishi" and "Linjin" next to the official road at the entrance of the Xiguan Great Buddha Temple in Songyang Town, and the west of Xiguan was under the jurisdiction of Linjin County, and the east of the moat outside the West Gate was under the jurisdiction of Yishi County. Since ancient times, there have been jieshi between countries, and there have been jieshi between neighbors and neighbors, and I have never seen two jieshi standing in the middle of a village and town, and a complete village has been artificially divided into two halves.
"Exception" in The Two Jins
Linjin County was founded during the Yuan Dade period (1297 AD), and has a history of more than 600 years by the time of Qing Guangxu. Since ancient times, Linjin has been a strategic place for soldiers, across the Qin called Sai, Han called Linjin Pass, Tang changed Pujin Pass, song as Daqing Pass. Because of its proximity to Puzhou, across the river from Shaanxi, less than 140 miles away from Tongguan, it has been the throat of Qin and Jin transportation since ancient times. The book "Pine Window Climbing Language" says: "In the pen of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, Linjin 'is particularly rich, and merchants are competing', and it is a town with very developed commerce. ”
On the east side of Yayong Road in Linjin County, there was originally a Yin Hotel to entertain guests. It is recorded that Empress Dowager Cixi stayed with her when she came to Linjin. The magnificent county ya (then known as "Little Beijing" and "Little Forbidden City"), a bustling town, attracted the attention of the royal family. Since leaving Beijing, Cixi has generally stayed in the prefectures and counties along the route for only one day, but here she has been "exceptional" to stay for two full days.
Empress Dowager Cixi's extravagant and corrupt court life is famous throughout history. According to Jin Yi's "Records of The Conversations of the Palace Women", He Rong'er, an old palace girl who had served Cixi for eight years in the Chuxiu Palace, said that Cixi ate (called dining in the palace), and each time there were one hundred and twenty dishes, plus a few seasonal dishes. The kitchen where Cixi cooks is called the "Shou Dining Room", and in the Shou Dining Room, "there are about three hundred people and more than a hundred stoves" to cook for her. After the dishes were all laid out, the old eunuch who served the meal shouted, "Meal Qi!" "Fang invited the empress dowager to sit down." The empress dowager looked at which dish with her eyes, and the old eunuch moved the dish to the empress dowager's side and spooned it into the cloth dish for the empress. But no matter which dish you like to eat, you can't scoop the third spoon, that's the old rule. Whoever wants to say what the empress dowager loves to eat will be beheaded, because no one is allowed to know.
Folk proverb Yun: "The emperor has a meal, and the people have half a year's worth of grain." "During Cixi's stay in Linjin County, Zhixian made elaborate meals every day, and it was not necessary to say anything. It is worth mentioning that Lafayette himself took the lead in making an exception this time, and praised the gourmet sauce jade melon and fresh fruit river pomegranate on the table, which made the specialties of Linjin famous in Shaanxi, and in 1915 AD, the sauce jade melon participated in the Panama International Exposition and won the gold medal in one fell swoop.
Fu Jiayun coal won a heavy award
Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled the capital on the 20th day of the seventh lunar month of the Gengzi year, and after a 44-day long journey to Xi'an on September 4, they were stationed in the palace rebuilt by the Governor's Palace of Shaanxi and Gansu and the Governor of Shaanxi.
Fu Zuoyi's father, Fu Qingtai, worked in the coal transportation business on the Yellow River for many years. The arrival of the empress dowager and the emperor made him see a rare business opportunity and was determined to transport several times more coal to Xi'an City than in previous winters. The funds could not be turned around for a while, and he first borrowed four hundred and two pieces of silver from the salt numbers opened by the three Jinnan people of Xianghe, Yongtai, and Huimin, who usually had contacts with him, and then borrowed three hundred and two pieces of silver from Qin Fengguan Silver Number with the business name he opened in Tanshi Street in Xi'an and the Caotan Carbon Factory as collateral. Then, for more than three months before the Spring Festival, he traveled back and forth between Yumen and Xi'an.
This year, winter in Xi'an came particularly early. The second day of the first month of the tenth month of the lunar calendar is the "light snow" of the twenty-four solar terms, and the ancient capital of Xi'an stands in the snowflakes that are flying. The snow stopped two days later, followed by another northwesterly wind for five days. On the day of the "winter solstice", another blizzard struck, and the entire city of Xi'an became a silver world.
The bad weather forced the eunuchs to make the fire in the empress dowager and the emperor's palace more vigorous, forcing the various yamen and businesses in Xi'an to increase their purchases of coal. In previous years, Xi'an needed 30 million catties of coal in a winter, but the amount of coal used this year increased sharply, and many coal companies in the market were out of stock by November. For a time, the price of coal in Xi'an soared, and by the beginning of the month, the price of coal had more than tripled.
In order to ensure that the "two palaces" and the escort team used coal for heating, the eunuch Li Lianying strictly ordered the Shaanxi Governor Yamen to immediately send officials to buy coal on the Wei River from Tongguan to Xi'an. Because this time they were doing "imperial errands," these officials were particularly arrogant, and they often forcibly confiscated the coal of the merchants and filled their own pockets, and the coal merchants feared these corrupt officials like tigers, and they docked their ships carrying charcoal on the side of the Shanxi waters north of Tongguan and did not dare to enter the territory of Shaanxi.
Seeing this, Fu Qingtai sold all the coal stored in the Weihe Caotan Charcoal Factory in the north of the city and the Tanshi Street Business in Xi'an to the royal family, which won the praise of the royal and Shaanxi governors, and thus established good relations with the government. Then, Fu Qingtai traveled day and night to the Shanxi side of the river between Yumen and Tongguan, and bought more than 300 ships of coal to be transported to Xi'an to sell, and obtained a large income.
Fu Qingtai was eventually relieved of the heating crisis in the ancient capital of Xi'an for trafficking in coal, and was later rewarded by empress dowager Xi and specially rewarded with 300,000 taels of silver. As a result, the Fu family became the "richest man" in the former Ronghe County.
Fu Qingtai's life, hard work and shrewdness. He recalled his sad experience of earning two money on the banks of the Yellow River on each guest on the banks of the Yellow River in the three years since he was seventeen years old, recalling the ups and downs of giving others a boat as a porter and a duke for fifteen years, recalling the days and nights of crossing the Yellow River throughout the year without escaping cold and heat, recalling the hardships of the last four years of pulling coal from the area around Hejinyu Gate to Xi'an, especially recalling the terrible consequences of almost ruining his family after overturning the ship at Tongguan, and fu Qingtai, who was forty-one, sighed with emotion: He was glad that he had drunk twenty or thirty years of bitter water. Finally, in the "Year of Gengzi", he boiled his "daughter-in-law into a mother-in-law", and was glad that he used the "black stones" around Hejin and Hancheng to exchange a large number of "silver seeds" from Xi'an.
Shencun "Xiangju" is famous all over the world
After Empress Dowager Cixi fled westward, she sent Yi Li and Li Hongzhang as plenipotentiaries on the way to beg for peace with the foreign invaders. After the signing of the Treaty of Xinugu on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month in 1901, the Eight-Nation Alliance army withdrew all its troops and returned to China except for one railway line stationed in Beijing-Tianjin and Tianjin-Yu. Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor also returned to Beijing from Xi'an on August 24 of the lunar calendar.
According to legend, when Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Beixiang on her way back, a group of local gentry of the Former Yi clan once selected some good dates from Shencun and Qiaoyang to taste. The dates here have been cultivated for hundreds of years, and are large, thick, small, sweet, and resistant to storage, making them a good product for consumption and medicine. After Empress Dowager Cixi tasted it, she greatly praised it. Shencun and Qiaoyang are famous for their proximity to the present-day Town of Beixiang in the Salt Lake District. There are still such songs and ballads among the masses: "High head Nanyue, carrots and onions; eat good dates, get Qiao Yue ("Yue" in the dialect means "Yang", that is, Qiao Yang). ）
In the new era, Shencun "Xiangju" has become a major industry for local farmers to get rich. The crowd sang again this song: "The dates are beaten, the fields are planted, and lotuses can be planted in the horse road (water canal). "Every year in the golden autumn season, the jujube trees are hung red, like pearls, fragrant fields, and tourists are weaving, which has become a major scenic spot on the banks of the Shuishui River.
(The author is the former vice chairman of the LINYI County CPPCC Committee and an advisor to the Linyi County Sanjin Cultural Research Association)