"The near hometown is more timid, do not dare to ask the people who come", Song Zhi asked what is timid? Not nostalgia anyway!
Song Zhiwen was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and he and his contemporary Shen Qi completed the stereotyping of the five-character and seven-word rhythm poems, and were milestone figures in the history of Chinese literature.
The New Book of Tang is evaluated as "and the question, the Shen Period, and the addition of beauty, the echo of the sound disease, the quasi-sentence of the covenant, such as the splendid writing." The scholar Zongzhi was called 'Shen Song'. "Song Zhi Qing" is especially good at five words and poems, and at that time he is incapable of being able to come out of his right. ”
Song Zhiqing is a literary poem, emphasizing Bixing, belonging to precision, points are divided into micros, and has made a significant contribution to the vocalization of poetry.
Song Zhiqing was a native of Hongnong, Yu prefecture (虢州, in modern Lingbao, Henan Province), and was a scholar and a scholar of the second year of the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, at the age of twenty. When Song Zhiqing entered the army, it was the time when Wu Zetian was in power.
In the autumn of the first year of Tianzhi (690), Wu Zetian was proclaimed emperor, changed the name of the country to Zhou, summoned Song Zhiqing to enter the cabinet in luoyang west, and Song Zhiqing became a wupin scholar and was admired by the world.
During the Wu Zhou Dynasty, Song Zhiqing was always a close vassal of Wu Zetian, and most of his works were yingzhi poems (propositional compositions of the emperor). Due to the limitations of his status as a court poet, many of Song Zhiqing's poems are works that praise merit, whitewash taiping, and are flashy and empty.
Later, with the bumps in life, contact with society, and experience life, he also created some good works, which were refreshing. For example, "Crossing the Han River", which has been selected as a textbook for primary and secondary schools, is a short famous article that has been passed down to this day:
Lingwai pronunciation book breaks, through winter and spring.
The nostalgia is more timid, and I dare not ask the people who come.
The phrase "closer to homesickness is more timid" writes the heart of the wanderer to the fullest, so it has become a famous sentence that has been often quoted for thousands of years until now.
For Song Zhiqing's poem "Crossing the Han River", posterity has always interpreted it as a nostalgic poem.
Translated in modern language, what is expressed in the poem is that the poet exiled to Lingnan and cut off communication with his relatives, survived the winter and experienced a new spring, and finally had to return to his hometown, but the closer he got to his hometown, the more timid he became, and he did not even dare to ask about his hometown from those who came from his hometown.
The poem "Crossing the Han River", with only twenty words, vividly renders the complex psychology of the poet's excitement, uneasiness and timidity of "homesickness and timidity".
So, is the author really showing "homesickness, near homesickness" nostalgia here? If we combine the background of this poem's writing, we will find that the "timidity" expressed in the poem is actually another mystery.
The poem "Crossing the Han River" was composed by Song Zhiqing after he was degraded to Taki Prefecture (present-day Luoding, Guangdong), and he really could not adapt to the southern climate, so he disregarded the holy orders and fled back to Luoyang from the Han River( referring to the Han River near Xiangyang).
Song Zhiqing's identity at this time is a "fugitive". What are fugitives most afraid of? Of course, it was the fear of being discovered by Yousi, so the closer to Luoyang, the more afraid the inner tangle.
The reason why Song Zhiqing was degraded was directly related to his personality. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Song Zhi asked about the character that was the most criticized.
Many of his behaviors were despised by the people of the time: for example, in order to curry favor with Wu Zetian's favorite zhang brothers, he did not hesitate to put down his body and pour urine on Zhang Yizhi's pot; for example, in order to take the two sentences "the flowers are similar from year to year, and the years are different", he actually personally covered his own nephew Liu Yiyi...
Song Zhiqing was degraded at this time because his patron Zhang brothers were dead, Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, and the crown prince Li Xian took the throne. After Li Xian ascended to the throne, he changed the new law of WuZhou, and the hundred officials, banners, costumes, and writing were all restored to the old system, and Emperor Wu and the Zhang clan were also liquidated. Song Zhiqing was demoted to join the army as a henchman of the Zhang brothers in Taki Prefecture (泷州, in modern Luoding, Guangdong).
Soon after being demoted to Taki Prefecture, Song Zhiwen, because he could not stand life in the barbaric land of Lingnan, secretly fled back to Luoyang without concealing the imperial court. The song "Crossing the Han River" that Song Zhi asked was composed when he sneaked back to Luoyang.
Song Zhiqing, who fled back to Luoyang, had nowhere to hide, so he had to turn to his former friend Zhang Zhongwen. Zhang Zhongwen loved Qicai deeply and risked taking him in, but unexpectedly, he would take revenge and kill Zhang Zhongwen's family.
It turned out that shortly after Song Zhiwen fled back to Luoyang, Wu Zetian, who had retreated to Shangyang Palace, died of depression. However, the remnants of the Wu surname, represented by Wu Sansi, were still there, and the Wu people were still prominent, which made some upright ministers of the DPRK, including Zhang Zhongzhi, resentful.
In order to completely solve the threat of the Wu clique to the Li Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zhongzhi conspired with people to murder Wu Sansi. After hearing the news, Song Zhiqing thought that this was the opportunity to turn the tables on his life, and immediately sent his nephew to report it, and as a result, Zhang Zhongzhi's whole family was killed.
In the end, as Song Zhiqing expected, Song Zhiqing gained Wu Sansi's trust and value through whistle-blowing, and the imperial court did not pursue his unauthorized escape back to Luoyang, but instead promoted him to the position of Hongxu Master Bookkeeper, and later changed him to the post of Examiner Wailang.
After Wu Sansi was cut off, Song Zhiqing successively attached himself to Princess Taiping, Empress Wei, and Princess Anle. Song Zhiqing's half-heartedness made Princess Taiping very jealous, and as a result, she was belittled.
After Song Zhiqing was degraded again, he did not reflect on it, and spent all day playing in the mountains and rivers, "poor history of the rivers and rivers, poetry with wine, flowing in the Beijing division, and everyone spreading irony."
Half a year later, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang was poisoned by Empress Wei and Princess Anle, and Empress Wei was destroyed by Li Longji's troops, and Emperor Zhongzong of Tang's younger brother and Li Longji's father Li Dan succeeded to the throne as Emperor Ruizong of Tang.
After Tang Ruizong succeeded to the throne, he began to liquidate Song Zhiqing, and because of his unrepentant heart, he once again degraded him in the debasement. Emperor Ruizong of Tang reigned for two years and let his son Li Longji be for Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. After Li Longji ascended the throne, he directly gave Song Zhiqing to death.
(Image from the Internet)