The Huanghuai River Basin is a special climate zone on the map of China, the minimum temperature in winter is mostly -3-8 °C, and the spring heating is fast, which is more in line with the temperature needs of cauliflower growth. In the long-term technical service process, Yuyi Seed Industry has summarized a set of overwintering cultivation techniques for cauliflower and pine cauliflower seedlings in the south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River, which can be listed 15-20 days earlier than the traditional winter seedlings and spring colonization of cauliflower, and can be harvested from late April to early May, filling the gap in the cauliflower market during the "May Day" holiday and making up for the gap in market demand, so in most years this stubble cauliflower and pine cauliflower have higher economic benefits, which is a model worth promoting.
This stubble cauliflower has strict requirements for varieties, and it is necessary to choose suitable varieties, generally requiring varieties of more than 60 days after spring sowing and more than 80 days after autumn sowing. If you choose early maturing varieties with a short growth period, the flowers are early, and the phenomenon of "early flowering" is easy to appear; the varieties with long growth period harvest late, and the flower bulb formation period is affected by high temperature, and the commerciality is often not good. Suitable varieties of pine cauliflower are "Jade Pine Treasure 90", etc.; real cauliflower varieties include "Early Spring Jade" and so on.
Zhenyu Songbao 90 has good ball protection
Seedlings are nurtured at the right time
The appropriate sowing period is the key to ensuring a bumper harvest of cauliflower. In normal years, the suitable seedling period for overwintering cauliflower and pine cauliflower is between October 10 and October 30. This stubble cauliflower colonization is the low temperature season, in order to quickly slow down the seedlings, conducive to root growth, it is recommended to use the pit disc matrix seedlings, you can use 72 hole disc seedlings, the seedling age is about 35 days. Pay attention to sowing seedlings, colonization should not be too early, otherwise the seedlings grow too large before winter, prematurely through the spring, the next year after the spring if you encounter spring cold, insufficient water and fertilizer supply, the plant can not grow up there is a risk of "early flowering".
Warm reminder of Yuyi Seed Industry:
Before sowing the cauliflower with seedlings overwintering, pay attention to the weather forecast, if the winter temperature is predicted in a year with low temperatures, in order to ensure that the colonization to the field before freezing, you can appropriately advance, if the forecast is a warm winter year, you must sow late. In recent years, the climate has continued to warm, it is recommended that the cauliflower that winters with small seedlings in the open ground should not be sown too early, because the higher the temperature, the faster the seedlings grow, which is not easy to control, and it is easy to cause "early flowering".
1. Colonization
Before colonization, combined with the application of 3000 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu of land preparation, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the ridge width is 40-50 cm, and the ditch width is 80 cm.
Before colonization, you should refer to the weather forecast, generally there will be no cooling within a week to colonize, generally between November 10 and December 5, about 4 leaves are more appropriate. Colonize on ridges, plant spacing of about 50cm, colonization of 2200-2500 plants per acre. Choose a continuous sunny morning, using the method of digging deep holes and point water colonization, the size of the seedlings should be planted separately, after colonization, buckle the mulch film, directly buckle the seedlings under the membrane, there is a certain space above the vegetable seedlings and the mulch film, and the seedlings will not be broken years ago. If the temperature is above 10 °C during colonization, it can be not covered first, so as to avoid the seedlings growing and the cold tolerance decreasing. The advantages of this planting method are: the ground temperature at 15-20 cm underground is relatively high on the surface, which is conducive to accelerating the seedlings; the winter snowfall will not crush and frostbite the seedlings.
2. Field management
Water once after 10 days of colonization. In mid-to-late December, the cold season gradually begins, and the soil is watered once before freezing.
In areas where windy and birds congregate, it is necessary to check from time to time whether the mulch film is damaged, and if there is damage, it should be repaired in time.
From mid-to-late February to early March of the following year, the temperature gradually rises, and the soil enters the thawing period, at this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the release of seedlings covered under the membrane to prevent the high temperature under the membrane from injuring the seedlings, and seal the opening with soil. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in time after the release of seedlings, and in the early stage of growth, the rapid-available nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride are mainly applied, and about 15kg per mu is applied, and the foliar spraying of "brassinolide + urea solution" can also be sprayed once every 6-7 days to promote the early emergence of seedlings, so that the plants can form strong trees as soon as possible and lay the foundation for abundant production. At the same time, it can also reduce or avoid the phenomenon of "early flowering" in special climate years (warm winter, cold spring).
When the plant has 8-10 leaves, it is then flushed with a quick-available nitrogen fertilizer of about 15kg per mu to accelerate the vegetative growth of the plant and lay a good foundation for the high yield of the flower bulb; the budding period of the flower bulb requires potassium and boron elements, and should be combined with the watering mu to apply 20kg of three-element compound fertilizer, and the foliar spray once at an interval of 6-7 days is 0.3% potassium dihydrogen dihydrogen phosphate solution + Wangliwang 800 times liquid (or 0.3% borax solution), sprayed 3 times in total to promote the rapid expansion of the buds, white and delicate, and improve commerciality.
After the flower bulb is formed, when the top of the flower bulb can be seen, the leaf cover ball should be folded in time to avoid direct sunlight, causing the flower bulb to turn yellow and affecting the commerciality.
Avoid "early flowering"
"Early flowering" is a common phenomenon in the cultivation of small seedlings overwintering or spring planting cauliflower and pine cauliflower, which has a greater impact on cauliflower yield and commerciality, and even causes a serious harvest. According to the years of promotion practice, the scientific research and experimental personnel of Yuyi Seed Industry have summarized the root causes of the "early flowering" of the stubble cauliflower and pine cauliflower, which has two aspects: First, the seedlings passed the springing too early, which is mostly due to the fact that vegetable farmers blindly sowed seedlings early and planted seedlings early in order to grab the morning market, or encountered "warm winter" years, and the seedlings grew faster before the Spring Festival, larger and too early through the spring stage. Physiological seedlings with a age of less than 5 leaves and a stem thickness of less than 0 .6cm are passed by a low temperature of 13 ° C or less, and the time of vernalization is longer, on the contrary, seedlings with more than 5 leaves and a stem thickness of more than 0 .6cm are easy to pass the vernalization; second, the spring plants are slow to grow up, and the spring encounters the low temperature weather of "pouring spring cold", plus many vegetable farmers are neglecting water and fertilizer management, the nitrogen fertilizer supply is insufficient and not timely, and at this time the plant has passed the vernalization stage, when the reproductive growth is strong and the nutrient growth is too weak, Small flower bulbs form before the plant has grown enough leaves. When the above two conditions are met at the same time, the phenomenon of "early flowering" will be very serious.
The management of overwintering cauliflower of seedlings should follow the principle of "pre-control, year after year". The purpose of "pre-control" is to avoid seedlings from growing too large and prematurely vernalizing; "post-year promotion" is to let plants grow rapidly under the condition of sufficient water and fertilizer supply, usually using the application of fast-available nitrogen fertilizer and foliar spraying of brassinolide + 0.2% urea solution to lay the foundation for abundant production.
Pest control
This stubble cauliflower grows most of the time in a low temperature state, and the diseases and insect pests in the early stage of growth are not serious. Aphids and green worms generally begin to appear in mid-to-late April to early May, pay attention to early prevention and early treatment, to avoid a large number of insect pests, can be used in advance to use "stable enemy (30% piyprid mite nitrile)", "dart ke (10% mevin indinale + 10% insect mite nitrile)", "kango (high chlorine methionitic salt)", "beauty vegetables (14% avidine acetonitrile)", "Huimanong (5% carbohydrin)", "Hui Guang Ling (2.5% cypermethrin)" and other high-efficiency and low-toxicity insecticides control, the above insecticides should be used alternately, Avoid drug resistance.
harvest
Late April to early May is the harvest period of this stubble cauliflower, in general, the maturity of the cauliflower plant is inconsistent, the entire harvest time is 7-10 days, therefore, the flower bulb harvest should be carried out in batches, harvesting with 3-5 pieces of flower bulb can protect the heart leaves on the surface of the flower bulb, or with foam mesh sleeve packaging, protect the flower bulb, to avoid damage during transportation, affecting the commerciality.
Precautions
1. Choose the right variety. To select spring ecological varieties or strong spring and autumn combined ecological varieties, if the growth period is shorter than 80 days of autumn ecological varieties planted here, prone to early flowering. Choosing a good variety is the key to success.
2. Seedlings and colonization should not be premature, so as not to cause excessive growth of seedlings before winter, and the phenomenon of early flowers and small flowers appeared in spring. Sowing too early, seedlings often grow too large, when the seedlings grow to more than 7-8 leaves, encounter low temperatures below 10-12 ° C can be formed through vernalization and "early flowering"; while sowing too early, the corresponding colonization is also early, the seedlings in low temperature conditions the longer the time, to the vernalization to create favorable conditions, prone to early flowering. Before the seedlings are colonized, pay attention to low temperature exercise, so that they are thick and strong in wintering.
3. When the seedlings are colonized, we must look at the weather to avoid the phenomenon that the root system is too low after the seedlings are colonized, and the seedlings freeze to death in winter.
4, after the spring of the ground temperature rises, it is necessary to strengthen the supply and watering of nitrogen fertilizer in time to promote vegetative growth, form a strong tree as soon as possible, provide sufficient nutrients for the formation of flower bulbs, and lay a good foundation for abundant production. When the diameter of the flower ball is 10-15cm, the flower ball is covered with folded leaves to keep the flower ball white and increase the commodity value of the flower ball.
Jade Songbao 90:
It is a late-maturing variety with dual use in spring and autumn, matured about 90 days after autumn colonization, harvested in about 65 days in spring; the plant is large, the growth momentum is strong, the leaves are wide, the ball protection is better, the cold and moisture resistance, the disease resistance is strong, and the adaptability is wide; the flower bulb pine is large, snow white, green stem, the taste is sweet and crisp, the quality is excellent, the single ball weighs about 2.5 kg, and the yield per mu can reach 5000 kg.