Accidents aren't all cups, seven world-changing inventions

The accident of a scientific experiment is not bad! To a large extent, according to scientific inferences, the birth of the universe was itself a lucky accident. Of course, many people are born with unexpected blessings. In history, many unintentional willow accidents have turned mistakes into big inventions, and the birth of the following 10 things has even brought infinite fun and convenience to human beings, after watching these bizarre accidents, you may no longer be so afraid of making mistakes!

1. Viagra

Incredibly, curing erectile dysfunction in men is not Pfizer's intention. Viagra's invention came from an incredible event, Pfizer researchers are clinically testing a new drug called UK-92480, which is said to cure angina, but the subjects did not react normally after taking the drug - lower body erections. Subsequent ongoing verifications have shown that the UK-92480 drug inhibits the body's production of enzymes that are harmful to male erections. The advent of Viagra immediately became the best-selling drug of all time and created unlimited sexual interest for many male compatriots.

2. Accidental detection of penicillin

mistake? Definitely a mistake. In 1928, Dr. Fleming, who was born in Scotland, was studying influenza viruses in his laboratory when he noticed that one of the media was contaminated with unknown bacteria. Fleming didn't throw away the contaminated Petri dish directly, as most scientists do, and accidentally discovered antibiotics. As early as six years ago, he found that human snot has a certain antibacterial properties. Because Fleming, who had a severe cold, still insisted on working, the snot accidentally dripped into the medium, and such an accidental mistake led to the discovery of lysozyme. In Fleming's view, even mistakes are scientifically valuable.

On further observation, Fleming found a clear mark on the edge of the fungus, suggesting that mold is well able to inhibit staphylococcal growth. He kept the fungus separate for study, and then named his newly invented drug "penicillin" (penicillin). What happened next, as we all know, is the development of fungi. Fleming was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945.

3. Experimental error invented stainless steel

Born into poverty, Breerley was 12 years old at the Thomas Firth Steel Mill in Sheffield, England. Sons) as an apprentice. In his early 30s, he was already an industrial chemistry expert and a principal investigator in the lab where he worked. In 1912, Breerley was commissioned by the British Government War Department Arsenal to carry out weapons research and improvement work. At that time, the rifle chamber used by soldiers was extremely easy to wear. Breerley wanted to invent an alloy steel that was wear-resistant and suitable for making barrels, but inadvertently completed another great invention.

In his experiment, he added chromium to steel, but for some reason, the experiment was not successful. He had to be disappointed to throw the finished products into the scrap iron pile outside the laboratory. After a long time, a strange phenomenon occurred: the original scrap iron was rusted, and only the few pieces of chromium-containing steel were still shiny. Brellley was surprised by this, and after looking through the experimental records, he found that this "stainless steel" with a chromium content of 12% would form a protective film on the surface to avoid oxidation and corrosion in the air.

4. Inspiration suddenly creates buckles

In 1984, every American kid's Reebok had three handsome velcro buckles on their Reebok shoes, replacing the original filigree lace. But decades before The "hot" Velcromb led the fashion trend, its invention was still full of drama. Once, when the Swiss engineer George de Mestral was leading a dog for a walk at the foot of the Alps, when they returned, de Mestra found the puppy's skin covered with burrs. Driven by curiosity, de Mestra put the burrs under a microscope to see how nature had created such sticky little tricks. It turned out that the small hooks on the surface of the burrs were the "culprits", and they were attached to the puppy's coat in a ring shape. Although de Mestra's profession was an electronics engineer, not a fashion designer, he has spent eight years since then, continuing to explore his serendipitous discoveries, developing new types of clothing buttons.

5. Carelessly make popsicles

Popsicles are: sugar frozen on sticks. The making of popsicles looks very simple, it seems to be a child's invention. That's actually the case. Let's go back to a winter night in 1905 when Frank Epperson, an 11-year-old boy mixing a fruity soda with water, forgot the cup in the hallway, and the mixing stick stood upright in the cup. After one night, the drink froze to solids, and the world's first popsicle was born.

Albertson didn't immediately sell his careless invention until 18 years later, when he prepared the self-made ice for a firefighter's ball in his hometown of San Francisco. People liked it so much that he quit his job as a real estate agent, patented his invention, and began selling the world-famous Epsicles. Yes, that's the original name of popsicles, and his kids often refer to popsicles as "Pop's sicles" and convince Albertson to change them to "Popsicles", and the kids change it well!

6. Be careful to obtain X-rays

Wilm Konrad Röntgen in 1895, although unknown, was a German physicist who studied cathode rays. At that time, no one knew what electrons or radiation really were, but when Röntgen let the high-voltage current pass through the vacuum tube and studied the cathode rays, he noticed that the small screen of barium cyanoplatinate placed near the tube emitted a glimmer.

When he inserted a thick book, a 2-3 cm black wooden board or a few cm thick hard rubber between the discharge tube and the phosphor screen, he was surprised to find that fluorescence could still be seen. Because little was known about the nature and properties of the ray at the time, he called it an X-ray, meaning unknown. Soon, Röntgen discovered that X-rays could be displayed on the photo substrate, so he used this ray to take a picture of his wife's hand, and the bone structure of the hand could be clearly displayed, and he was shocked by this result. Roentgen's practice of taking pictures of his wife's hands with X-rays is very gentlemanly - with something new, don't forget to marry your wife! X-rays are able to penetrate human skin and muscle tissue, but not human bones and metals. With X-rays, we can see through the internal structure of the human body without a scalpel.

7, grain deterioration to create beer

The invention of the fermentation process in ancient times is definitely a bonus, and it is one of the most beautiful accidents. No one knows who invented the first bottle of beer. About 10,000 years ago, the people of Mesopotamia began growing wild grains. The first breads were not fermented, that is, they were hard and flat. Later, it was found that when the grain was damp, it would naturally ferment in the air and become a plate meal, and this is how the by-product of alcohol was discovered.

At some point, ancient bakers must have noticed that these fermented grains would form fluffy and soft bread, and some bold or crazy people had tasted the unpleasant foam in the granary, so there was beer! Some anthropologists and archaeologists have even established theories to prove that the original motivation for people to engage in agricultural activities was beer, not bread. Low concentrations of alcohol can alleviate the tension patterns of ancient inter-tribal societies, acting as lubricants and promoting joint innovation. And bread, some argue, is just a byproduct of brewing a more delicious beer.