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On the slopes of Baoyuling in Fengjiayu Town, thousands of bees in beehives are toiling. "This is the Chinese bee, and in the next three years, our Chinese bee population here is planned to reach 30,000 colonies." Guo Xiaoli pointed to the rows of beehives beside him and said proudly. Guo Xiaoli is a native of Miyun, 24 years ago in order to protect the Miyun Reservoir relocation, 6 years ago to breed Chinese bees to let him return to his hometown again, the process of beekeeping let him witness the changes in the ecological environment of Miyun.
Chinese bees collect honey
Ecological protection and restoration - the reappearance of Chinese bees
Chinese bee is a unique species in China, in the 20-30s due to the batch introduction of Italian bees, Chinese bees are almost extinct, people have noticed that the honey of Chinese bees is not only of extraordinary quality, but also this species has an important role in the local forest ecosystem, so they began to protect Chinese bees. At that time, there were only 40 colonies of Chinese bees in the Beijing area, which were listed as endangered by the state.
"Chinese bees can be collected normally at 7 °C, while Italian bees need to be above 12 °C-13 °C to come out to collect honey, so Chinese bees are more adaptable to our local climate." For example, many of our trees here bloom in the early spring and autumn, and some are sporadic flowers, and these plants need Chinese bees to pollinate them, which is impossible for other bee species to complete. "If there is no Chinese bee, the powder of such plants in North China will be affected."
Breeding Chinese bees is a new attempt in Fengjiayu Town, which is located in the mountains. Fengjiayu Town is located in the northwest of Miyun District, south of Miyun Reservoir, the mountain field area of 270,000 mu, forest ecological coverage rate of 89.1%, rich natural resources, honey source plants up to thousands of species, including nearly 100 kinds of Chinese herbal honey source plants, there is a very prominent honey source foundation. In 2017, Fengjiayu Town built the core area of the China Bee Nature Reserve, in order to minimize human intervention and restore the traditional living environment of wild bees, Miyun built the largest cliff-type bee farm in North China to protect the breeding of Chinese bee species.
On this basis, Miyun District continued to increase the protection of Chinese bees, relying on the Yunmeng Mountain Nature Reserve to carry out species conservation of Chinese bees, with the Yunmeng Mountain Nature Reserve as the core area for breeding bee purification; with the outer Shicheng Town Huangyukou Village and Fengjiayu Town XikouWai Village as a buffer zone, population breeding and base construction; other areas of the two towns as experimental areas, chinese bee breeding technology research and cultural tourism base construction. The ecological type of North China-type Chinese bee in Miyun District preserved by miyun seed source center has been certified.
As an important component of the ecosystem, bee pollination directly promotes the formation and development of plant genetic diversity in the whole region, accelerates vegetation restoration, enriches species composition, and enhances the functions of vegetation conservation and water conservation, water retention and soil consolidation. According to the survey, bee pollination effectively promoted the vegetation renewal of 1.4819 million mu of broad-leaved shrub ecosystems and 153,000 mu of grassland ecosystems in Miyun District, thereby enriching the animal and plant species in 79 small watersheds of Miyun Reservoir. In addition, bees pollinate crops in the whole region, directly promoting the increase in fruit and vegetable yields by more than 850 million yuan.
Green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains - sweet industry
The rapid development of the bee industry has a very obvious driving effect on the regional economy. Miyun produces an average of 3.2 million kilograms of ordinary honey, 1.13 million kilograms of nest honey, 190,000 kilograms of royal jelly and propolis, etc., with an annual output value of nearly 120 million yuan for bee products. In addition, through the development of bee culture, bee industry tourism, etc., the annual reception of tourists reached 100,000 person-times, achieving tourism income of nearly 100 million yuan.
"A box of bees, an acre of land." The bee industry has become a "sweet cause" that drives farmers to increase their income and become rich. At present, there are 2,072 bee farmers in the whole region, 115,000 bee colonies, and the total number of bee colonies accounts for 44% of Beijing, relying on the plant resources of honey powder source, the establishment of the "company + cooperative + farmer" model, driving 362 low-income farmers in the region to achieve "low-end and rich" through beekeeping, and the beekeeping and low-end model is promoted throughout the country as a typical experience.
At the same time, a good ecological environment will further provide quality assurance for high-quality bee products, such as the forest coverage rate in the Fengjiayu area, where the beekeeping industry is most concentrated, is nearly 90%, far exceeding the average level of the city.
"The better the natural environment, the better the farmed Chinese bee, and the higher the quality of its bee products." They are complementary to each other, the environment is good for the bees to raise well, and the environment will become better and better after the bees are more. Guo Xiaoli said.
The rapid development of the bee industry has led to the integrated development of leisure agriculture and cultural tourism industry in Miyun District. In the next step, Miyun District will dig deep into the cultural connotation of bees, expand the development extension of the bee industry, continuously increase industrial support, vigorously promote the high-quality development of the bee industry, continue to build the bee industry into a characteristic industry, a symbol industry, and a rich people's industry in Miyun, and use small bees to hold up big dreams and make small bees into big articles.