World First Aid Day: Three Steps to Seize CPR 'Golden Four Minutes'

Source: People's Daily News

People's Daily Beijing, September 11 (Reporter Qiao Yeqiong) September 11 is world first aid day, in order to let more people master the knowledge of emergency care and first aid skills, in the emergency situation in a timely manner to save lives, people's network interviewed Beijing Chaoyang Hospital emergency department deputy chief physician Tengfei, for the majority of netizens to explain the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

As an important measure to rescue patients with cardiac arrest, why does CPR have the saying of "golden four minutes"? In this regard, Ascendas analysis said that once a patient has cardiac arrest, tissues and organs will instantly lose the supply of blood and oxygen, resulting in the whole body in a state of ischemia and hypoxia. Because the tolerance time of ischemia and hypoxia in various organs of the human body is different, the most vulnerable organ is the brain. Usually, if the brain ischemia and hypoxia exceed 4 minutes, irreversible damage will occur, such as edema of brain cells or even death, so it is very important to implement CPR in time. "It is recommended to start chest compressions within 4 minutes to establish an artificial circulation and restore the blood supply to the organs." Tengfei said.

In daily life, what if you suddenly encounter someone who has fainted? Ascendas stressed that it must be implemented under the premise of confirming the safety of the on-site environment:

Step 1: Judge consciousness, breathing, pulse. It is necessary to pat the patient's shoulder and shout loudly in the ears on both sides to determine the state of consciousness, and if there is no consciousness, ask someone to help call 120. Observe the rise and fall of the thoracic cage to determine whether there is breathing, touch the carotid artery, and see if there is a pulsation. Once a patient is judged to be in cardiac arrest, CPR needs to be given immediately.

Step 2: Chest compressions. Keeping the patient lying on his back on the ground or on a hard board, the rescuer can use a kneeling position close to the right side of the patient's chest, the palms of both hands are overlapped, placed in the sternum, 1/3 of the lower, the fingers of both hands are crossed, the elbow joints are straight, the shoulders are in the center above the patient's sternum, the shoulders and hands remain vertically and forcefully pressed downwards, using the weight of the upper body and the strength of the trunk muscles, pressing vertically downward, pressing down at a depth of 5 to 6 cm, and fully rebounding and not leaving the patient's chest wall with both hands, the compression frequency is 100 to 120 times / min. The pressure should be smooth, the force should be even, and the pressure should be regular, and it should not be interrupted.

Step 3: Artificial ventilation. Remove foreign bodies, dentures, vomit, etc. from the patient's mouth and nose, open the airway, that is, place one hand on the forehead, so that the head is tilted back, and the index and middle fingers of the other hand are placed in the lower jaw, so that the connection between the tip of the lower jaw and the earlobe is perpendicular to the ground. Trained personnel can be evaluated again after 30 compressions, given 2 artificial respirations, maintaining five cycles. For untrained personnel or in cases where artificial respiration is not possible, it is evaluated again after continuous and uninterrupted compressions for 2 minutes.

Ascendas said that after five consecutive cycles of "30 chest compressions and 2 artificial ventilation", or after "continuous compressions for 2 minutes", it is determined whether the patient has recovered carotid artery pulse, and if the patient still has not resumed spontaneous circulation, it is necessary to exchange roles in two people and repeat the above steps.

Considering that in most cases the root cause of cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation, Ascendas recommends the use of AEDs to help defibrillate in order to greatly improve the survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest. "It is important to note that the entire CPR process needs to be carried out continuously and efficiently until the ambulance arrives at the scene." Ascendas added.