English Essential Grammar for the 2022 Preparatory Examination (1)

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1. Tense, voice

The main points that need to be mastered in tense and voice:

1. The form of expressing future tense:

(1) In time, conditions, and concession clauses, the present tense generally replaces the future tense, but attention should be paid to distinguishing the types of clauses, such as:

I’ll tell him when you will ring again. I told him when you'd call again. (object clause)

I tell him when you ring again. (adjective clause)

(2) In the that clause after make sure, make certain, see (to it), the predicate verb replaces the future tense with the general present tense, such as:

See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.

(include cannot be in the form of will include or otherwise)

2. The focus of the temporal test at completion, pay attention to the sentence patterns and temporal adjectives used in conjunction with completion:

(1) by/between/up to/till + past time, since, by the time/when + indicates a clause in which a situation occurred in the past, and the main sentence is completed with the past. Such as:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.

(Indicates what happened in 1919)

(2) By + future time, by the time/ when + predicate verb is a subordinate clause in the general present tense, and the main sentence is completed in the future. as:

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.

I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.

(3) by now, since + past time, in/during/for/over/the past/last few (or specific numbers) years/days/months, when the main sentence is completed with the present, but in the it is + specific time central/before sentence pattern, the main sentence is more often not completed when. as:

The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

It is four years since John left school.

(4) In it is the + ordinal word/adjective superlative + that in the definite clause of the predicate verb, the predicate verb is often used now when completed. as:

It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.

(5) In no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely... when... In sentence patterns, the main sentence is often used when it is completed in the past.

3. When completed, the action will continue on the basis of the completion. as:

The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.

Temporal and voice answer ideas:

(1) First determine the tense of the main point of the test question according to the difference point of the options, and then return to the question sentence to find the given or implied time adjective, narrow the selection range, and then select the correct answer;

(2) Determine whether a sentence is active or passive based on its relationship to the subject or non-predicate verb of the sentence and its logical subject.

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