Traditional "steel city" becomes a modern "port city"
——Tangshan, Hebei Province, with the goal of "three efforts to build", has deeply implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on transformation and development
Guangming Daily Research Group
The annual rings of each city have a profound imprint of the times.
Tangshan, Hebei, built because of coal and prosperous because of steel, is a typical resource-based city, which once created "China's seven firsts": the first mechanized coal mining shaft, the first steam locomotive, the first barrel of cement, the first sanitary ceramics, the first standard gauge railway, the first existing stock, the first Professor of China's local university, known as the "cradle of China's modern industry". After the founding of New China, Tangshan, with its profound industrial base, gradually formed leading industries such as steel, cement and chemical industry, and was an important energy and raw material base in China, and has made outstanding contributions to national construction and development for a long time.
In the 21st century, Tangshan has reached a crossroads of economic and social development: the drawbacks of resource dependence have emerged, the structural contradictions of the economy are more prominent, the competitiveness of the open economy is low, and problems such as overcapacity and serious pollution plague the city.
At this critical period in history, Comrade Xi Jinping inspected Tangshan twice in July 2010 and July 2016, taking the pulse of the city, orienting the navigation, drawing a blueprint, combining the changes in the world and the reality of Tangshan, making important instructions to "strive to build a window city for economic cooperation in Northeast Asia, a new industrialization base in the Bohai Rim region, and an important fulcrum of the capital economic circle" and "strive to be at the forefront in transforming the development mode, adjusting the economic structure, and promoting supply-side structural reform". It puts forward high-quality development goals and transformation and upgrading practice paths for Tangshan, and points out the direction for the transformation and high-quality development of Tangshan, an old industrial city, from the strategic and overall perspective.
Ten years passed. What kind of answers has Tangshan handed over on the road of practicing the "three efforts to build"? What are the experiences and enlightenments in exploring the transformation of resource-based cities? Recently, the Guangming Daily research team rushed to Tangshan, went to the port, entered the factory, and went to the construction site to conduct in-depth research on Tangshan's achievements, practices and experience.
In 2021, the cargo throughput of Tangshan Port will continue to rank second in the world's coastal ports. Photo by Lei Li/Guangming
Ten Years answer: Building a "blue engine" to The Sea Chart
At the node where the world economy is sluggish and the national economic development is facing a shift in speed, Tangshan's economic growth rate not only has not appeared "hard landing" and "cliff-like decline", but the city's economic scale has also achieved a "four-level jump": the regional GDP exceeded 400 billion yuan, 500 billion yuan, 600 billion yuan and 700 billion yuan in Hebei Province for ten consecutive years. In the first three quarters of 2021, the city's gdp reached 592.08 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6% year-on-year, ranking first in the province and 28th in the country.
To be strong and to transform and develop, this is the sentence that the research team heard the most and felt most deeply during the Tang Dynasty. The research team witnessed that people's old impression of Tangshan's "steel city" and "coal capital" has gradually faded, replaced by a more international modern port city.
First of all, the breadth of openness has been deeply expanded, and the role of the window for economic cooperation in Northeast Asia has been highlighted.
Bohai Bay in winter, the blue sky, the sea blue. At the ore wharf in the Caofeidian port area of Tangshan Port, two giant ships docked quietly, and a large ship unloader tens of meters high was waving a "giant arm" operation.
"Tangshan Port is deep, wide, non-freezing and non-silted, and has the only diamond-level port site in Bohai Bay that can build large deep-water berths without excavating waterways and harbor ponds." Luo Tongzhen, deputy director of the Tangshan Municipal Marine Port and Port and Navigation Administration, said that sitting on a coastline of 229.72 kilometers, Tangshan has continuously developed domestic and foreign trade routes since 2010, and has opened 232 international routes and reached more than 190 ports in the world. In 2021, the cargo throughput of Tangshan Port increased from 246 million tons in 2010 to 722 million tons, ranking second in the world's coastal ports. Up to now, Tangshan Port has become the world's largest iron ore receiving and unloading port, the largest steel and coal export port and an important oil and gas import base and reserve center in the mainland, and the status of the main hub port for energy raw materials serving major national strategies has been further consolidated.
"In 2021, the port trade volume of Tangshan Port will actually reach 330 billion yuan!" Referring to this data, Zhang Gujiang, vice chairman of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and secretary of the Tangshan Municipal Party Committee, was full of pride in his tone. He said that the achievements are precisely due to the continuous struggle of Tangshan City to draw a blueprint to the end and work year after year.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the potential of Tangshan Port, a comprehensive trade port, has been accelerated, and Tangshan's attractiveness to enterprises in Northeast Asia, especially Japan and South Korea, has become increasingly increasing.
On January 7, 2022, on the construction site just 1.4 kilometers away from Pier 4 of Tangshan Port Jingtanggang District, the high-end automotive steel joint venture project jointly built by Hesteel Group and South Korea's POSCO officially started. With a total investment of 4.125 billion yuan, the project is the largest foreign joint venture project with single investment in China's steel industry in recent years. "The start of the project has injected strong momentum into the Tangshan steel industry from black to green, from old to new, and from big to strong." Tian Guoliang, deputy secretary of the Tangshan Municipal CPC Committee and mayor, said in his speech.
According to statistics from the Tangshan Municipal Bureau of Commerce, by the end of 2021, there are 96 investment enterprises in Northeast Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, Mongolia and Russia in Tangshan. Similarly, the enthusiasm of Tangshan enterprises to "go global" is also increasing, and by the end of 2020, Tangshan has accumulated 175 registered overseas investment enterprises, covering 48 countries and regions around the world. Among them, there are 53 foreign investment enterprises that have been recorded (approved) in countries along the "Belt and Road", and the "Belt and Road" has gradually become a hot spot for Tangshan's overseas investment and cooperation.
Secondly, the transformation of development momentum has accelerated, and a new industrialization base in the Bohai Rim region has taken shape.
On the ninth cold day, in the New Chemical Material Industrial Park of Caofeidian Nanbao Development Zone, workers were busy with the heat. Here, the first phase of the 1 million tons of chlorinated titanium dioxide project invested and constructed by Tangshan Yanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is under intense construction. According to the person in charge of the project, chlorinated titanium dioxide is an emerging material, after the completion of the project, the domestic market share of Yangang chlorinated titanium dioxide will reach more than half, and the tax revenue will be 1.2 billion yuan.
In the past, well-known steel companies entered emerging industries, which is by no means unique in Tangshan. Tangshan, once known as the "steel city" and "coal capital", the emerging industry "out of nothing" developed rapidly, robots, lithium batteries, urban rail vehicles and other high-tech products from scratch, gradually growing bigger, the city everywhere presents a "new industry" new atmosphere.
In September 2021, the "Future Series" new urban express train developed by CRRC Tangshan rolled off the production line in Fengrun District, Tangshan City; in December 2021, the Tangshan Aerospace Equipment Industrial Park Project was successfully signed in Lunan District, Tangshan City; in January 2022, in the Kaicheng Robot Production Workshop of Tangshan High-tech Zone, all kinds of special robots were neatly arranged... According to statistics, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the added value of Tangshan's high-tech industries increased by 120.7%, which was 7.0 percentage points higher than the average annual growth rate of industries above designated size. At present, there are 1415 high-tech enterprises in Tangshan, an increase of 1357 over 2010, 24.3 times that of 2010; the added value of strategic emerging industries has increased to 14.2% of industries above designated size.
The transformation of development momentum has accelerated, Tangshan's dependence on local resources has decreased rapidly, and the output of raw iron ore has decreased from 110.207 million tons in 2010 to 49.834 million tons in 2020, and raw coal production has decreased from 44.048 million tons in 2010 to 20.31 million tons in 2020. Not only that, Tangshan continues to promote the steel industry products to the middle and high-end, from a large steel city to a strong steel city. According to the data, the proportion of high value-added products of Tangshan Steel will reach more than 38% in 2021, an increase of 30 percentage points over 2010; from January to October 2021, the steel industry achieved a profit of 35.49 billion yuan, which is 6.7 times that of the same period in 2010.
Not far from the Tangshan Port Jingtang Port District, the new district of Hesteel Group Tanggang Company comes into view. This is a modern steel enterprise, from the start of construction in March 2018 to the ignition of the blast furnace on September 7, 2020, "a beach" has become a "modern steel city" in one fell swoop. Nowadays, with the logo of low carbon, green and intelligence, Hesteel Tanggang has become a "future factory" rising on the shores of the Bohai Sea, and has also become the best example of Tangshan's transformation and development.
Third, it is integrated into the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and the important fulcrum of the capital economic circle is stable.
In just 22 seconds, the industrial exhaust produced by steel companies is processed into "grain", which has become a reality in the factory area of Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel Company in Caofeidian Industrial Zone, Hebei Province. Using the world's leading gas biological fermentation technology, Hebei Shoulang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Shougang Group, is processing the 360 million cubic meters of industrial exhaust gas produced by Shougang Jingtang every year into 5,000 tons of new feed protein and 45,000 tons of fuel ethanol, reducing carbon emissions by about 180,000 tons per year.
As early as June 26, 2010, the main equipment of Shougang Jingtang Phase I Project was fully completed and put into operation in Caofeidian, and since then, Shougang has become a demonstrator, leader and practitioner of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
There are deep troughs facing the sea and shoals with their backs to land. Caofeidian, which has obvious location advantages, has opened the curtain of industrial cooperation with Beijing since the relocation of Shougang. Driven by the Shougang demonstration, more and more Beijing-Tianjin industries have moved to Tangshan. According to statistics, since 2014, Tangshan has implemented a total of 796 projects with more than 100 million yuan of cooperation with Beijing and Tianjin, with a total investment of 493.72 billion yuan, of which advanced manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, and modern service industry projects account for more than 60%.
In March 2021, the second batch of 30 medical institutions in Tangshan was included in the designated medical institutions of "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Direct Settlement of Ordinary Outpatient Clinics in Different Places". Previously, 26 hospitals in Tangshan joined the Peking University People's Hospital Medical Association, which has realized direct settlement of medical treatment in different places, creating a new situation of coordinated development in the field of public services. In the field of education, Tangshan has signed 140 contracts with Beijing and Tianjin, and nearly 400 schools have cooperated with Beijing-Tianjin high-quality schools to run schools; in the field of transportation, the Beijing-Tangshan Cao EMU has been officially opened, the Tangshan section of the Beijing-Tangshan intercity railway has been accelerated, the Beijing-Qinzhou Expressway, the Jinqin-Qinzhou Passenger Tangshan Section and the Beijing-Tangshan Cao EMU have been completed and opened to traffic, and the Bincao section of the Bohai High-speed Railway is currently being actively planned to promote the Bincao section of the Bohai High-speed Railway to further build the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan half-hour traffic circle.
High-quality projects come to Tangxingye, and excellent talents are stationed in Tangxing to develop. At present, the built-up area of the city's urban area has increased from 281 square kilometers in 2010 to 517 square kilometers in 2021. The city's permanent population increased from 7.582 million in 2010 to 7.717 million in 2021, and the urbanization rate of the permanent population reached 64.32%, an increase of 13.47 percentage points over 2010.
At the same time, with the strong promotion of ecological projects and people's livelihood projects such as mine restoration, Qingshui Runcheng, public transfer railway, and the construction of the first "water transfer" wharf in Hebei Province in Fengnan District, The blue sky in Tangshan has become more and more. In 2021, the number of days with good air quality in Tangshan reached 256 days, accounting for 70.1%. Tangshan has also been awarded the honorary titles of "National Garden City" and "National Forest City", adding "livable" chips to the integration into the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.
In Tangshan High-tech Zone, skilled workers are debugging robot equipment. Profile picture
Path of struggle: Innovation and transformation lead to high-quality development
Comrade Xi Jinping's important instructions on tangshan's "three efforts to build" focus on the general trend of world economic development, conform to the trend of regional economic cooperation, and base themselves on the actual economic and social development of Tangshan, both put forward goals and point out the path, both for the current and long-term layout, providing a "golden key" for Tangshan's development.
The research team learned that for more than ten years, Tangshan has insisted that Qingshan will not relax, focus on breaking the pattern of "one industry is dominant" in steel, promote supply-side structural reform, accelerate the conversion of new and old kinetic energy, and fully promote the city to embark on the road of high-quality development.
First, reduce the total amount. According to the data, since 2016, Tangshan has reduced its steelmaking capacity by 39.378 million tons and ironmaking capacity by 26.35 million tons, ranking first in the country. At present, the number of steel enterprises with smelting capacity in Tangshan has been reduced from 54 in 2010 to 30. Due to the vigorous implementation of the upgrading and transformation of traditional pillar industries and the cultivation of strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries, it has ensured that the production capacity is not in the output value.
Second, excellent layout. Tangshan promotes the gathering of steel, heavy equipment manufacturing, chemicals, ceramics and other manufacturing industries to coastal areas to create a characteristic marine industry cluster. At present, the relocation of steel enterprises such as Hesteel Tanggang steel to the coast has been completed; all 280 ceramic enterprises in the main urban area have been shut down and relocated, and the problems of steel siege, heavy siege and pollution siege that have plagued the city for a long time have been substantially solved, and the productive forces have made significant progress in the coastal layout.
Third, promote transformation. Tangshan continues to benchmark international advanced steel industry standards, and combined with the current situation and requirements of the local steel industry development, around the optimization of scientific and technological innovation system, the implementation of industrial extension strategy, the implementation of low-carbon green development, the promotion of intelligent manufacturing, etc., continue to promote the steel industry products towards the middle and high end, the steel city to the steel city steadily move forward. Through the implementation of chain building, chain extension, chain replenishment and strong chain, Tangshan has rapidly promoted the extension of industrial chains in major industries such as coal, steel, cement, and coking, carried out cross-border transformation, moved towards high-end, and further expanded new development space. At the same time, the "40 Articles of Industry" was introduced, and the municipal finance arranged 700 million yuan of special funds every year to vigorously support the technological transformation of enterprises, enhance the scientific and technological innovation of enterprises, and promote the aggregation of high-quality elements to new industrialization.
Fourth, cultivate new generations. In order to build a modern industrial system, Tangshan aims to build a new industrialization base in the Bohai Rim region, aims at emergency equipment, robots, rail transit equipment, electronic intelligent manufacturing and other industries, implements the multiplication plan for emerging industries, and attracts a number of high-quality industrial projects to land and operate.
Fifth, deep integration. Since 2014, Tangshan has taken the initiative to fully implement the outline of the national Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Strategy Plan, adhere to the integration of Beijing-Tianjin, docking Beijing-Tianjin, and serving Beijing-Tianjin, especially by giving play to the platform aggregation effect of the Beijing-Hebei Caofeidian and Tianjin-Hebei (Luhan) Coordinated Development Demonstration Zone, so that the undertaking of Beijing-Tianjin relocation projects has shifted from scattered and point-like undertaking to chain layout and platform agglomeration, and the "micro-center" agglomeration effect of Beijing-Hebei Caofeidian and Tianjin-Hebei (Luhan) Coordinated Development Demonstration Zone, as well as Yutian time-honored industrial park and Jingtang Smart Port has been highlighted. While making breakthroughs in industrial construction, Tangshan has focused on accelerating the construction of transportation integration, closely docking the construction of a world-class city cluster in Hebei Province, high-speed rail intercity network, transportation highway network, port group and airport cluster, and accelerating the interconnection and interconnection of Transportation in Beijing and Tianjin. In order to make up for the shortcomings of urban public services, Tangshan has cooperated closely with Beijing and Tianjin in the fields of medical care and education, and vigorously implemented people's livelihood projects such as ecological restoration to create a livable environment for the city.
Sixth, scientific expansion. The Sixth Plenary Session of the Ninth CPC Committee of Hebei Province put forward the development idea of "one Hong Kong and two cities" in Tangshan, accurately positioning the functions of Tangshan Port, the main urban area and the Caofeidian urban area, and achieving a major breakthrough, great improvement and great development in urban construction. "One Port, Two Cities" port is the first, Tangshan actively explores the reform of the management system of large ports, and establishes the Tangshan Marine Port and Port and Navigation Administration Bureau to implement unified planning, unified construction, unified operation and unified brand for port shoreline resources. With the continuous improvement of the level of port construction and the continuous improvement of the function of the port, Tangshan has accelerated the promotion of the clustering of port industries. Adhere to the guidance of planning, continue to implement the development strategy to the sea, and rewrite the history of coal capital with "blue thinking". With the rise of Tangshan Port Jingtang Port Area and Caofeidian Port Area, many port industries have accelerated their gathering, realizing a magnificent transformation from Yiyesha Island to a world-class port. In the main urban area of Tangshan City, promote the development of key areas, improve the carrying capacity of the city, strengthen infrastructure construction, enhance the connotation of urban quality, and implement fine management to highlight the charm of the city's image. In caofeidian urban area, efforts have been made to improve industrial agglomeration and make it a new growth pole for the accelerated rise of the Bohai Rim region.
Empirical enlightenment: "Three efforts to build" is the most powerful ideological weapon
The transformation of resource-based cities is a profound revolution. Tangshan's transformation on the road to high-quality development has gone through pains and hardships. In just over a decade, Tangshan has achieved a magnificent turn from "stupid big black coarse" to "high-tech light green", explored a way of active transformation and connotation development, and provided useful inspiration and reference for similar regions and cities.
First of all, the right direction is the most important. Over the past ten years, no matter how complex and changeable the situation is, no matter what difficulties and challenges are encountered, the "three efforts to build" has always been the most fundamental political guidance, the most powerful ideological weapon, and the most important action guide for Tangshan's development. Tangshan unswervingly along the bright road guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping, under the guidance of the banner of "three efforts to build", the whole city has a high degree of recognition of the transformation of the old industrial city, a high degree of ideological unity, and a high degree of consciousness in action, forming a strong atmosphere of deepening reform, transformation and upgrading, condensing the powerful synergy of transformation and development, and accelerating the transformation of the grand blueprint to a beautiful reality.
Second, sail well with the wind. If an industry and a city want to be invincible in the competition for development, they must look at the overall situation, understand the overall situation, and seize the opportunity. In the more than ten years of Transformation and Development of Tangshan, Tangshan has keenly grasped the general trend of China's development and transformation, unswervingly docked with major national strategic deployments, deeply participated in the construction of the "Belt and Road", actively integrated into the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, achieved remarkable results in the construction of Northeast Asia cooperation window cities and the construction of important fulcrums in the capital economic circle; unswervingly implemented the strategy of turning to the sea, realizing the expansion from inland economy to coastal economy; unswervingly fighting and winning the battle against environmental pollution, controlling environmental pollution with high pressure, and transforming urban scars. Environmental indicators continue to improve. Tangshan's practice proves that in line with the new requirements of China's transition period from high-speed development to high-quality development, accurate identification of changes, scientific response, and active change can smoothly achieve the successful transformation from "quantity catch-up" to "quality catch-up", from "scale expansion" to "structural upgrading", and from factor-driven to innovation-driven.
Third, take a step forward and the world is wide. Everything is predetermined, and all karma is predetermined. The core of the transformation of resource-based cities is industrial transformation. For more than ten years, in the mature period of resource mining, Tangshan has resolutely shut down and transferred coal mines and iron mines to realize the gradual transformation of resource development and utilization from extensive to intensive; in the prosperous period of the steel industry, it has taken the initiative to eliminate excess capacity and abandon short-term interests with the courage of a hero who broke his wrist, so that he has the arrogance to sell fine steel throughout the country today; in the growth period of economic volume, he has taken the initiative to adjust the structure, insist on developing to the sea, rewrite the history of black coal capital with blue thinking, and construct a coastal economic belt that supports future development. Tangshan's transformation practice proves that early transformation is early initiative, early upgrading and early benefit. Resolutely go, take the initiative to adjust, speed up the turn, give up the temporary benefits, and get the clear water and blue sky and high-quality development.
Fourth, the stone of his mountain can attack jade. The transformation of resource-based cities is a worldwide problem, with both successful examples and failure lessons at home and abroad. Only by taking the strengths of others and making bold innovations in close combination with their own actual conditions can we get out of the successful road of transformation and upgrading. In the process of ten years of transformation, Tangshan has opened its eyes, and the industrial transformation has fully learned from the experience of the Ruhr area in Germany, established the work ideas of cultivating emerging industries, vigorously developing scientific research, and supporting industrial transformation; urban transformation has drawn lessons from the failure of the transformation of Detroit, the "city of automobiles" in the United States, and always guarded against the occurrence of problems such as population reduction, loss of tax base, imbalance of fiscal revenue and expenditure, and weakening of infrastructure; the transformation of the development model has fully learned from the mature practices of advanced coastal cities, with deepening reform and opening up as the driving force. Explore a new path from inland economy to coastal economic development. Tangshan's practice proves that the transformation of resource-based cities must learn from all over the world, learn from experience and learn lessons, in order to find gaps and make up for shortcomings faster, stimulate innovation vitality, and achieve new breakthroughs in development at a higher starting point.
Fifth, the people supreme cohesion. The country is the people, and the people are the country. Tangshan adheres to the people's yearning for a better life as the unswerving goal of struggle, adheres to the people's position, always maintains the feelings of the people, focuses on the prominent problems and shortcomings in the field of people's livelihood, and rolls out the people's heart project, so that the development performance is more "warm" and the answer sheet of the people is more "thick".
Tangshan's practice has proved that the spirit can become material, and the people of the whole city will act consciously if they identify with it in their hearts, and they will enhance their energetic spirit and vigor, stimulate the new vitality of officials to start a business, and condense the surging momentum of accelerating the realization of the "three efforts to build". It is precisely by relying on the continuous struggle and long-term achievements of the people of the city, in the process of practicing the "three efforts to build", Tangshan has embarked on a road of transformation with its own characteristics.
(Members of the research group: Geng Jiankuo and Chen Yuanqiu, reporters of Guangming Daily; Chen Wei, second-level researcher of Tangshan Federation of Social Sciences; Gao Minjie and Li Xia, professors of the Party School of Tangshan Municipal Party Committee, written by Geng Jiankuo and Chen Yuanqiu)
Guangming Daily ( 2022-01-21 05 edition)
Column Editor-in-Chief: Gu Wanquan Zhang Wu Text Editor: Li Linwei
Source: Author: Guangming Daily