January 20, 2022 Heavy cold Beijing drifting snow
Image source: The official Weibo of the Palace Museum
Snow drifting in Beijing today, farewell to the last festival of the Year of the Ox: the Great Cold. Seeing that the official microblog of the Palace Museum released photos of the Forbidden City in the heavy snow, it met the wishes of many readers who wanted to go to the Forbidden City to see the snow scene. Suddenly I remembered Cai Xiang's "Good Things Near" in "Ruixue is full of Kyoto, and the palace is full of silver." Often looking at Su Guang from afar, it is the season of Jiangmei."
The cold is reversed
The reverse pole of the cold ▊ is therefore called the great cold
The "Time-Granting Tongkao Tianshi" quotes the "Three Rites and Righteous Sects" Yun: "The great cold is the middle, and the upper form is in the small cold, so it is called the big ... The reverse pole of the cold is called the great cold. ”
Flower trade winds
The bamboo at the edge of the tall pavilion has been empty ▊ The mountain alum leans on the spring breeze alone
Flower trade winds, also known as twenty-four flower trade winds, are in response to the flowering period, so they are called flower letters. The Southern Dynasty Zongyi 'Records of the Jingchu Chronicles' has: "The first plum blossom, the final neem flower, where twenty-four flowers trade winds." According to the lunar festival, from the small cold to the valley rain, a total of eight qi... There are twenty-four seasons of the eight qi, and each season should be a flower. ”
The flower letter starts from xiao han, for plum blossoms, camellias, daffodils, in the cold time of the first season is Ruixiang, the second is orchid, and the third is alum. Alum is also used as a spring tree, a mountain osmanthus flower, and a jade flower, and the "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "In the mountains and alum rivers, Huai, lakes, and Shu mountains, the trees are tall and tall. The leaves are gardenia-like, shiny and strong, slightly toothed, and lingdong does not wither. Flowers in March, white as snow, six yellow buds, very fragrant. ”
Huang Tingjian's "Two Songs of Mountain Alum Flowers" Preface Yun: "In the south field of Jianghu Lake, there is a small white flower, the wood is several feet high, the spring blossom is extremely fragrant, and the wild man is Zheng Hua." Wang Jinggong tasted this flower plant, wanted to write a poem but missed its name, and gave it a name to the mountain alum. Wild people pick Zheng flowers to dye yellow, do not borrow alum to make color, so the name of mountain alum. His poem reads: "The bamboo at the side of the high-section pavilion is empty, and the mountain alum is leaning on the spring wind alone." Two or three soldiers smiled and put the broken flowers in plain sight. ”
Snowy Post
▊Snow is very strong
Cai Bian's "Snow Yi Ti", 29.3 cm in width and 34.1 cm in length, is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Cai Bian (1048-1117), ziyuandu, brother of Cai Jing.
The full text is: Bian Bai Cover, Snow Meaning Is Particularly Thick, Han Mu Daqia, Special for Celebration, Blessed Answer, Especially Comforting, Suitable for the First Division to Present He Xue Wat Record, Seems Unstable, Try to Be More Determined, If Available, Beg Orders Written on It Also, Not Prepared, Bian Worship Cover, Four Brothers Xiang Gong Sits Before.
Cai Bian's calligraphy is round and beautiful. The Xuanhe Book Genealogy says: "Since Shao Xi learned the book, he was first Yan Xing, his pen gestures were flowing, his gui horns were slightly exposed, he became a family of his own, and he was also longer than the big characters." In his later years, he who is high, who writes tirelessly, and who is slightly affectionate, will write concisely by himself. ”
Lapa Bajie
▊ After the eighth year is the year
Entering the Waxing Moon, the New Year's Festival begins. As the saying goes, children and children, don't be hungry, after the eighth is the year. After lap 8, it is time to start preparing for the New Year. Old Beijing has such a folk song: Lapa Porridge, drink for a few days, mile mile la la la twenty-three. Twenty-three sugar melon sticky; twenty-four, sweeping the house; twenty-five, fried tofu; twenty-six, stewed lamb; twenty-seven, killing roosters; twenty-eight, turning the noodles; twenty-nine, steaming steamed steamed buns; thirty nights to stay overnight, twisting and turning at the beginning of the New Year...
Lapa Porridge was first made of salty porridge dedicated to the Buddha, and then after the secularization and development of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, it gradually formed a variety of miscellaneous grains and fruits that we often drink today and a sweet porridge made of rock sugar. In some areas of the south, bacon and kelp are still used to make salty lapa rice.
Tail Tooth Festival
A year of guys pay a cup of wine ▊ ten thousand cigarettes thank the earth god
The second and sixteenth days of the first month of each month are the days when the minnan people traditionally worship the land. The first two days of February are the first teeth of the year, and December 16 is the last tail tooth. The so-called "tooth", the abbreviation of "tooth flag", because the ancient wasteland was full of eyes, uncultivated land, sometimes competed to open up, resulting in fighting, beatings and other things. For the sake of identification, the west side of each region (or military flag) is painted with the shape of animal teeth, such as horns, horns, etc., to represent the personnel of each region, or the people, or the symbol of the army. In ancient times, the introduction of commercial activities was often called "Tooth Lang" or "Tooth Servant", so the merchants invited guests to thank the Tooth Lang and other ways to worship the land lord, called making teeth.
kumquat
Biye Golden Pill ▊ Fu Shu Evergreen
Kumquat is also known as kumquat, golden mandarin, and is a plant of the family Rubiaceae. Golden skin, sweet juice (small astringent), kumquat contains a special volatile oil kumquat substance, the aroma can be pleasant.
The "Compendium of Materia Medica" contains: "Kumquat, the name of golden orange, Lu tangerine, summer orange, to the guest orange, sweet, sour, temperate." The Lord breathed quickly, quenched his thirst and awakened. Deodorize. Piyuja. ”
Kumquat can also be potted and ornamental, with lush foliage and white flowers in summer, and the aroma is overflowing. Winter fruit is ripe, orange yellow or orange red, embellished among the green leaves, called "green leaf golden pill, support long-term glory".
Winter offerings
▊ Years of pilgrimage
Wang Zengqi wrote: "The Qing Dynasty confession of the years" is a painting title loved by Chinese painters. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were especially many paintings on this topic. Ren Bonian has painted many paintings. What is painted in the painting and offered in actual life is nothing more than these things: heavenly bamboo fruit, plum blossom, and daffodil. Sometimes to fill in the blanks, two citrons are added to the painting. "橼" is a harmonic circle, taking its auspiciousness. Daffodils, plums, and bamboo are taken from their bright colors. The wind is strong in the middle of winter, the hundred flowers are withered, the clear window is sitting right, and the eyes are brighter, which is the joy of the year.
Ren Bo Nian Chao Qing courtesy of the figure Vertical scroll Paper color
In the cold winter, there is no color, but some offerings are placed in the home, and it is a happy pleasure. The pots are elegant and chic, and the roses and carnations are also beautiful, which is always less than the quiet charm of daffodils and wax plums.
Pickled pickles
▊ Sweet and sour and crisp
Every year in the Waxing Moon, the family will pickle the pickles. This kimchi is not a Korean kimchi, but a "Sichuan kimchi" marinated with white vinegar, fried red pepper, and white sugar. Whether there is such a kimchi in Sichuan I don't know, but this kind of kimchi pickled at home tastes sour and sweet, and the cabbage radish is "bone crisp", which is really fresh and fresh in the fat and thick food before and after the Spring Festival.
Ice play
Text/Jing Wang
Since watching "The Biography of Zhen Huan", every time it is a time of ice and snow, I can always think of An Concubine who danced on the ice in red makeup at the Ice Frolic Ceremony. Bright as a mirror on the ice, a group of colorfully dressed eight flag women holding red plums, making an ice dance posture of opening and closing, the music is interrupted, suddenly scattered, the middle of the red jacket with white fur edges of An Concubine stands out, light dancing ice, slim waist graceful, streamer dancing, radiant. The emperor himself walked down from the viewing platform, draped him with mink fur, and pitied the incense and cherished the jade.
Compared with the ice frolic ceremony in the film and television drama, the records in the historical materials can be described as a grand view, but it is not a few palace women, a few teams of eight flag soldiers to call a trumpet.
Ice play, also known as ice play, is the Qing Dynasty's term for ice activities, including ice competition, performance and amusement. Before the Qing Dynasty, ice play not only referred to ice sports, but also skiing and other snow activities.
Ice activities have been around for a long time, and there is a record of folk "riding on wood" in the "History of the North" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, but it is not entertainment, but to meet the needs of production and life in the northern ice season:
"The eleventh day of the north journey of the South Chamber Wei to the North Chamber Wei ... The climate is the coldest, with deep snow and no horses. In winter, they enter the mountain dwelling in the earth, and the cattle and livestock are mostly frozen to death. Rao roe deer, shoot and hunt, eat meat and skin, chisel ice without water and net fish turtles. The ground is full of snow, afraid of sinking into the pits, riding on wood. ”
It is reminiscent of the northern realm in "Game of Thrones", the living conditions are extremely harsh, and even in the depths of the ice and snow, it is not necessary to inhabit the wildlings. Although there is a "ride on wood" to deal with the ice and snow weather, it seems that there is no heart to play with it, unlike the snow we are waiting for now to wait for the snow to see, and see the ice and snow as a natural pastime.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, people gradually enriched the tools used for ice activities, and began to enjoy the fun of "riding wood and chasing deer" on ice while shooting and hunting, and pursued the speed skating pleasure of "rapid and exciting".
The Song Dynasty had ice beds, and Jiang Shaoyu's "Song Dynasty Fact Class Garden": "The winter moon is a small sitting bed, and it is dragged on the ice, which is called a bed." "The bed should be made as a chair such as Maza to understand, similar to the bright moonlight in front of Li Bai's bed, and the Qing Dynasty called the Ling bed Hun Chu." Ice carts are used to walk on ice, carrying people and goods, and officials often sit: "The pond between the male and the hegemonic, the winter moon carries the reeds, all use the bed, although the officials also take advantage of it." The custom of the present-day Kyoshi is still the same. The poor people inside and outside the imperial city of the Ming Dynasty used to ferry ice carts to make a living, and the ice beds were woven back and forth. There is also entertainment on the ice at this time, but it is not very popular.
The Yuan Empire began in the cold of the north and had the habit of riding a plough. "New Yuan History": "The old house of Jurchen has a water up to the Ten Thousand Households... Boating in summer, driving on the ice in winter with a dog. "Climb the plough." The History of the Yuan also records that "the Gilligis ... Go hunting on a wooden horse in winter. "The Trojan horse is similar to today's skis. Marco Polo also wrote about the sleighs of the Yuan Dynasty in his travelogue: "[The Tatars] built a means of transportation in order to be able to travel on the icy road, similar to the cars used by the indigenous people of the mountains of the mainland for use in the lofty mountains, called drag pulls or sleighs. This vehicle has no wheels, the bottom is straight, the front end is cocked in a semi-arc, this structure is particularly suitable for easy driving on ice... The dogs they used to pull sleds were the size of donkeys, very strong, and used to pull sleds. ”
By the Ming Dynasty, ice opera was very popular in the folk, and people began to enjoy ice opera while being full of wealth. Moreover, ice opera began to become a royal entertainment. In the Ming Dynasty palace words, there is "The glass color knots the royal river water, and a bright mirror edge." The west is clear and the snow is clear, and the bed is sitting fast and the clouds are soaring". Liu Ruoyu's "Zhi Zhongzhi", which recounts the events of the Ming Dynasty Palace, says: "It is Heye, under the West Bridge of the Yaowang Temple outside the Bei'an Gate... Frozen in winter, you can drag the bed, with a wooden board plus a bed or recommendation, one person in front of the rope, can pull two or three people, the line of ice like flying, snow remnants, dotted like picturesque. The Ming Shilu also has a record of the royal ice drama: "The empty mouth of the Xihua Gate ... In winter, the ice bed is played, and the spring and summer lotus willows are offered for viewing, and the rate is the field of tasting and traveling. ”
However, which dynasty is not as fond of ice as the Qing dynasty, starting from Nurhaci, it is very important, because ice play has been used in the military, according to legend, when Nurhaci was trapped in Mogen City, when the city was about to fall, a skating unit that "all wear Ula skates (ice shoes)", "good ice walking, seven hundred miles a day", such as falling from heaven, unblocked the siege of Mogen City, becoming a perfect combination of ice play and war. Since then, the annual Ice Festriel Ceremony has become an important celebration of the Qing Dynasty court.
By the Qianjia period, the Ice Festival was becoming more and more solemn, and it was included in the Great QingHui Dictionary as a legal national Qing code. "Every year in the winter and month, reading the eight flags in the Tailiu Pool", several days, including grabbing the wait (speed skating), grabbing the ball (similar to ice rugby), turning the dragon shooting ball (shooting arrows on ice, multiple people lining up to grow dragons, shooting the sky and the earth), swinging the mountain (collectively completing the pendulum, swinging and other actions, such as swallow playing, phoenix spreading wings, white tiger swinging tail, etc.), figure skating (high difficulty actions such as harrier turning over, fairy monkey peach, golden rooster independence, Dongbin back sword, green dragon back, Nezha exploring the sea, tong zi worship Guanyin, double flying dance run, etc.), playing tart (ice slide, Those who do not pounce on the ground win) and other events, it is not an exaggeration to say that they were the Winter Olympics in ancient times.
Such an important celebration, It is naturally reasonable for An Concubine to compete for favors and pay for it. Just like we work ordinary day by day, the annual meeting suddenly shows a lot of talent, singing like Eason Chan, dancing like Jackson, plus the atmosphere is relaxed just right, pouring out sentient beings is not a word. In the historical records, it is recorded that a young Miao people, Xi Gui, with the difficult action of "swallow three points of water" created by himself, was given the name "Ice Swallow" by Qianlong, and was specially allowed to join the flag, which shows the special honor. Lord An Xiao was praised by the Empress as a "flying swallow on ice", which must also be excellent. Moreover, the children of the Eight Flags have nothing to do on weekdays, and with training and competition ice frolic, they can get silver rewards, and the Qing Emperor can unite the hearts of the eight flags with this, with commendations on the top and brave men on the bottom, and the development of ice frolic is very rapid. So much so that during the Daoguang period, the Tibetan leader Dorin Kalon exclaimed after watching the Ice Frolic Ceremony once, "It's really incredible, like a magician playing tricks... Feast your eyes.".
"Imperial Ice Fun"
The Qianlong Emperor liked sports, and especially liked Bingxiao, and wrote his own "Imperial Ice Frolic Endowment", which called ice frolicking a national custom in the preface, and the whole text depicted ice frolicking scenes and details in more than 1,300 words. He also painted the "Ice Play Scroll", "Ice Play Map" and "Purple Light Pavilion Gift Banquet Map", which not only depicted the scene of the Ice Play Ceremony, but also recorded various entertaining ice performances, such as "Double Flying Swallow", "Golden Rooster Independence", "Harrier Turning Over" and so on.
Among them, the highlight of the ice frolic ceremony, "Turning the Dragon Shooting Ball", is expressed in the two "Ice Pictures" collected in the Forbidden City: three gates with bunting flags are erected on the ice rink, and the doors are hung with colored balls, and the members of the two teams are lined up in columns and slide out two large cirrus-shaped circles on the ice rink. Under the order, the skaters each drew their bows and arrows, rushed out, and quickly slid towards the flag gate: some stooped down to shoot, some slid through the flag gate and the "rhinoceros looked back and shot at the moon"; some single-footed ice, such as the golden rooster independent, the bow sounded out of the arrow.
In the Qing Dynasty, folk ice frolics were also quite popular. Li Shengzhen's "Hundred Plays of Bamboo Branches" has: "Quick foot walk to see the strides, the cold current takes advantage of the frozen snowflake spring." The iron shoe broke through the Mercedes and even repented of being a galaxy ice man. Note: "Look at the iron shoes, one step constantly counting, on the ice, there are also fighters and dancers, the capital is in winter, and the city and river are the most." The "sliding" clause in the "Jisheng in the Age of The Imperial Capital" is also called: In the cold winter, "all the people gather on the moats outside the city, and the group skates (that is, skating)". In the "Supplementary Notes of Ji Sheng in the Age of The Emperor Jing", it is said: "Shichahai and the moat on the ice are all practitioners of the people. ”
Now look at it again, or countless "people's practitioners", really iron ice rinks, flowing water "skates".
This article is transferred from "Triple Food"
The image comes from the Internet and the copyright belongs to the original author
◎The copyright of this article belongs to "Sanlian Life Weekly" and "Sanlian Cuisine"
ID：slhaochi
Heaven south sea north, eat and drink together
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Look far away
Song Liuyong
Long air drop Rui, cold wind scissors, the first flowers of yao.
The chaotic monks' houses, the dense sprinkling of song buildings, and the gradual confusion of the mandarin tiles.
Good fisherman, dressed up and returned, the river came late to paint.
Full of Chang'an, high but flag pavilion wine prices.
Elegant. It is most suitable to visit Dai, Pan Xiaozhuo, Yuexi Dashing.
Haohe snatched fresh, white oriole lost its vegetarian, and thousands of miles spread out cold and wild.
Xu Xin Youlan song broken, Tong Yun exhausted, don't have Yaotai Qiongxie.
Put a round of bright moon and cross the night.
Good thing near
Song Cai Xiang
Snow fills Kyoto, and the palace becomes a silver gate.
Often looking at Suguang from afar, it is the season of Jiangmei.
Now see the cold plum on the river, and the fragrance is self-extinguishing.
Looking at the remnants of Falling Ying, I want to drift like snow.
Excerpt from: "Classified Two Song Dynasty Wonderful Words" (2nd Edition)
Published by Life Bookstore
—END—
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