Increasing peasants' incomes is the central task of the three rural work, an important criterion for testing the effectiveness of rural work, and an inherent requirement for achieving common prosperity. As the first good district, how Beijing can further do a good job in increasing farmers' incomes in the new era and promote the common prosperity of the suburbs of Beijing has attracted much attention.
Recently, Beijing Municipality has formulated and issued the "Several Measures on Promoting the Increase of Farmers' Income in the City" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), which aims to build a long-term mechanism for farmers to continue to increase their income through various channels. The "Measures" put forward 20 innovative measures for rich peasants during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, including promoting the development of rural tourism, steadily improving the level of security for urban and rural residents, increasing agricultural science and technology and talent support, and guiding the standardized and orderly circulation of contracted land management rights. It is estimated that by 2025, the income ratio of urban and rural residents in Beijing is expected to shrink to about 2.4:1.
According to the relevant responsible comrade of the Rural Social Undertakings Promotion Department of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, with the implementation of the 20 measures to promote the increase of agricultural income, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Beijing will grow faster than that of urban residents year-on-year, the proportion of rural residents entering the middle-income group will steadily increase, and the gap between the per capita income of urban and rural residents will become smaller and smaller.
Developing and expanding the village-level collective economy is an important measure to strengthen agriculture, beautiful rural areas, and rich peasants, and is the only way to achieve rural revitalization. The "Measures" clearly proposes to develop and expand the rural collective economy, carry out special actions to help villages with weak collective economies, and by 2025, Beijing will basically eliminate collective economically weak villages with an annual operating income of less than 100,000 yuan.
"This is the pepper planted under the forest in our village this year, about 50 acres, planted in the effective planting area between the forests, and it is expected that 1,000 kilograms of fresh peppers can be harvested per mu." The profit per mu of land is about 3600 yuan. Liu Ziping, a graduate student of China Agricultural University, introduced that the pepper under the forest is the project he was mainly responsible for after entering the "Science and Technology Academy" in Xiaohefa Village.
In view of the village situation of insufficient labor, many idle houses, more woodland, and less farmland, the "two committees" team of Xiaoheifa Village gave full play to the advantages of talents and science and technology in the capital, docked with professional planning companies, established folk tourism professional cooperatives, and then through the "party branch + cooperative" model, integrated idle, scattered and inefficient land, aimed the industrial direction at afforestation land achievements and wetland resources, and explored the development of a green economy with three-dimensional ecological circular agriculture and folk tourism under the forest as the main body.
With the help of industrial projects in 2017 and 2018, Xiaoheifa Village explored and formed a variety of understory breeding models such as "forest + fungus", "forest + flower" and "forest + chicken". Through the low-income industrial project funds in 2017, the village built 97 forest fungus planting greenhouses, planting mushrooms, black chicken fir and other fungi, with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan. In 2020, with the help of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and the cooperation with China Agricultural University to build the first "Science and Technology Courtyard" in Daxing District, Xiaoheifa Village planted 700,000 high-quality and high-yield onions, with an annual income of more than 400,000 yuan, and the average yield per mu increase rate reached 15.4%; The planting of 120 acres of lilies under the forest, breeding more than 6,000 chickens and geese also produced benefits; The online sales platform for agricultural products established in cooperation with Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology was officially put into operation. Xiaoheifa Village has formed a three-dimensional ecological cycle industrial chain under the forest that integrates forest fungi, forest flowers, forest medicine, forest vegetables and forest poultry, and combines online and offline sales.
The "Measures" proposes that Beijing will further standardize the operation and management of rural collective economic organizations and establish a new mechanism for rural collective economic operation that meets the requirements of the market economy. In addition, Beijing will further revitalize idle assets, develop characteristic industries, broaden the path of collective economic development, promote the transformation and upgrading of collective industries, and enhance the ability of collective economic organizations to serve members.
"I really didn't expect that I could return to the village to work in my fifties after working outside for more than ten years, and my salary was not low, and there were five social insurances and one gold, and I did not delay in taking care of the elderly." Chen Yongli, a villager in Tanchang Village in Mentougou District, had a happy smile on his face.
Chen Yongli, 46, who worked in the village's mines after graduating from junior high school, had to leave the village like many workers to work in the city after the coal mine closed more than a decade ago, and he worked as a casual worker, a security guard, and a salesman. Over the years, his parents living in the village are older and need to be taken care of, chen Yongli wants to go back to the village but worries that there is no work to do, and his livelihood will be a problem in the future.
In recent years, The village has developed a green economy, excavated red resources, and built a tourist scenic spot, and the economic development of the village has been getting better and better. After learning about Chen Yongli's situation, the employment security committee member of the village committee helped him become a ranger in the village and realized his desire for employment at the doorstep of his home.
Like Chen Yongli, there are not a few farmers who hope to return to their hometowns for employment and increase income in the city, and after investigation, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Beijing Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau proposed in the "Measures" to promote local employment of farmers through multiple channels:
Increase support for leading agricultural enterprises, agricultural industrial parks, rural collective economic organizations and collective enterprises, and drive more local farmers to employment;
Promote the use of work for charity, rural infrastructure construction, management and protection, environmental greening and beautification, rural road management and protection, and the construction of new collective forest farms should fully absorb the employment of local rural labor;
Steadily expand the scale of rural public welfare posts, increase wages and benefits, and strengthen the support and placement of rural people with employment difficulties;
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In order to implement the promotion of agricultural income, the Mentougou District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau specially held a multi-party discussion in the district, town and village, and put forward the strategy of "multi-member integration and improvement of treatment" in view of the current situation of the good economic foundation of the carbon factory village, and repeatedly entered the village to carry out professional guidance and interpretation of policies, and promoted more than 20 people to achieve employment and income. Chen Yongli now works part-time in a number of part-time positions, working 8 hours a day, and his monthly salary has increased from more than 600 yuan to 2500 yuan today.
The construction of rural areas in the new era is inseparable from the support of talents, and in order to achieve the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, it is even more necessary to have the participation of a large number of talents. Therefore, the measures to promote agricultural incomes introduced this time propose to increase the support of agricultural science and technology and talents. Strengthen support for the entrepreneurship of returnees to the countryside, and encourage all kinds of talents to go to the countryside with funds and technology to start a business.
Wang Tao, 33, is a native of Jingou Village, Zhai Town, Henan Province, Miyun District, and the leader of the Beijing Zhongxin Liancheng Planting Professional Cooperative. "At first, I planted strawberries thinking I could make money, and now I hope to make money with everyone." This year is the fourth year that Wang Tao has returned to his hometown to start a business. In the past, she had worked as a restaurant and a drug seller in Beijing, and after hearing in 2018 that the village would support the development of sunken greenhouses, she immediately quit her job in the city and returned to the village to run two strawberry growing greenhouses.
Due to the lack of experience, the survival rate of strawberry seedlings in the first year was low, resulting in low strawberry yields in that year. After many expert training and guidance, reading and learning, and constantly trying to figure out, Wang Tao is now an uncompromising strawberry grower. She constantly explores and summarizes practical experience in strawberry planting and implements refined management; At the same time, with the help of the network platform, the growth process of strawberries was broadcast live to the public in real time, and a group of loyal fans were gained, and netizens affectionately called her "Strawberry Sister". During the epidemic, she changed her thinking from picking to online ordering and distribution, and also helped surrounding farmers sell online. Under her leadership, the annual income of the cooperative is expected to reach 400,000 yuan last year, driving 6 farmers to increase their income and become rich.
In recent years, many "new farmers" and young college students like Wang Tao have begun to return to their hometowns to start businesses, and while realizing their own development, they have also injected new momentum into the development of agriculture and rural areas, and achieved "win-win" and "win-win" results. For example, Kong Bo of The Farmer's Family, Zhang Qi, and other returnees have certain technology, experience and capital accumulation, both understand the city and the countryside, will engage in production, but also run the market, they have a better understanding of diversified upgrading consumer demand, and their vision is broader. Their entrepreneurial innovation has explored the multiple functions of agriculture and the multiple values of the countryside, spawned new formats and new models, and solved the employment of a group of local laborers, which has effectively driven farmers to increase income.
In addition, the "Measures" also proposes to summarize a number of scientific and technological development to help the development of characteristic industries to promote farmers' income increase model, and to promote it. Promote the "Beijing Science and Technology Academy" to expand the area and improve the quality of the project, strengthen the role of demonstration, education and industrial promotion. It is also necessary to rely on agricultural technology extension institutions, Beijing science and technology commissioners, Beijing agricultural science and technology lecture halls, etc. to provide technical services for farmers, serving more than 50,000 farmers every year.
In recent years, the income of rural residents in Beijing has maintained a steady growth trend, but the income gap between urban and rural areas is still large, and the proportion of rural residents entering the middle-income group is low. In response to this problem, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has visited and investigated various agriculture-related areas in the suburbs of Beijing many times, and collected a large number of rural samples that can effectively promote farmers' income increase and become rich, providing a rich practical basis for the formulation of the "Measures". In addition, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs coordinated the coordinated participation of 23 departments at the municipal level, forming a good situation in Which Beijing promoted the joint efforts of multiple departments to increase farmers' income.
Farmer Daily, China Rural Network reporter Lu Xiaochun