The Department of Culture and Tourism of Guizhou Province, the Guizhou Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center and Guizhou Radio and Television Station jointly held the second season of the documentary exhibition season of "Representative Inheritors of National Intangible Cultural Heritage". From September 7, the "Memory guizhou" column of the science and education health channel of Guizhou Radio and Television Station will spend four months (September, October, November and December) to focus on 15 episodes of the national non-genetic inheritance rescue record project excellent project summary film collected by the Guizhou Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center.
At 20:10 on Tuesday, October 5, the fifth episode of the second season of the "Representative Inheritors of National Intangible Cultural Heritage" documentary exhibition season, "AnshunDi Opera National Inheritor - Zhan Xueyan", will be broadcast on the "Memory Guizhou" column of Guizhou Radio and Television Station Science and Education Health Channel (Guizhou Channel 6), please tune in at that time.
Episode 5
The national inheritor of Anshundi opera
Zhan Xueyan
In 2005, Zhan Xueyan staged a wonderful scene in Zhang Yimou's film "A Thousand Miles to Ride Alone", which left a deep impression on the audience. Zhan Xueyan's love for ground drama made him insist on jumping the play, and this jump jumped to the age of ancient rarity.
Anshundi opera, known as the "jumping god" by the locals, is a kind of folk drama wearing a woodcut mask, which is composed of a fusion of ritual masks and rap literature, which undertakes the functions of disaster relief and blessing, moral indoctrination, and social entertainment of the entire Tunbao community, and only organizes performances during the Spring Festival and the half of July. Anshundi opera integrates entertaining people, self-entertainment, seeking god, and maintaining a strong vitality for a long time.
In 2006, Anshun Di Opera was selected into the first batch of Representative Lists of China's Intangible Cultural Heritage. When the quaint and desolate, majestic and high-pitched drama sounds, it can always bring people back to the depths of the history of the horse career. The soldier-born Tunbao people make the local opera singing books reflect the military career war drama, praising the loyal and good generals who are loyal and loyal to the country.
Each local drama team only dances one songbook called a dance. Among the more than 30 songbooks, especially the songbooks that praise the heroes of loyalty and righteousness, such as Yang Jiajiang, Yue Jiajun, and romance of the Three Kingdoms, are the most popular among the people of Tunbao. Some songbooks and multiple drama teams are dancing, which has formed a spectacular scene of the coexistence of more than 300 local operas in the square circle of Anshun City, and among the many local opera teams, especially the Three Kingdoms opera team led by Zhan Xueyan is the most representative.
Zhan Xueyan: "I am a Tunbao person, my name is Zhan Xueyan, I am the representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage of Anshun opera, and also the 16th generation of the Zhan Jiatun Three Kingdoms Drama Team. ”
Zhan Xueyan's ancestors were all backbone members of the ground opera team, and he had a strong interest in ground drama since he was a child. Zhan Xueyan studied with his father at the age of nine, learned to dance, and at the age of ten followed the local drama team to walk the streets and villages.
In 1989, Anshun held the first ground opera competition, with more than 180 local opera teams participating. Zhan Xueyan was shocked by the outstanding performance of Live Ma Chao in "Zhan Tong Guan", helping the local drama team to win the championship in one fell swoop, and since then, it has swept through the major awards of the local drama industry. In 1993, at the invitation of Mr. Wang Qiugui, a famous scholar from Taiwan, the Tri-Kingdoms Drama Team went to Taiwan to participate in cross-strait folk cultural exchanges, which were warmly welcomed by the audience and performed many more performances.
After returning from Taiwan, Zhan Xueyan ushered in the peak of his artistic career. He was elected by the theater friends as the new generation of the god head of the local drama team, invited to participate in cultural exchange activities in many places at home and abroad, and also staged a wonderful ground play in Zhang Yimou's film "A Thousand Miles and a Single Ride" in 2005, which left a deep impression on the audience. Zhan Xueyan's love for ground drama made him insist on jumping the play, and this jump jumped to the age of ancient rarity.
Anshundi opera is mainly divided into literary drama and martial arts. Literary drama is rap without orchestral accompaniment, and the characters in the play sing while singing and explaining the plot. Martial arts is a fight-to-head fight that interprets the battle scene, with more than thirty different routines.
The soldiers in the earth drama are worshipped as gods by the Tunbao people, and the masks are regarded as the carriers of the gods, which are mainly divided into military generals, literary generals, veteran generals, major generals, female generals, Taoists, and some miscellaneous costumes. According to the character's personality, different colors will be painted on the mask, red represents loyalty, black represents rigidity, white face represents treachery, and pink face represents the major general as a brother of the prince. According to the division of camps, there are also positive generals and counter generals.
Ground opera is a kind of ritual drama, which is divided into ritual part and performance part. The sacrificial part of the prayer for Najib includes opening the box, inviting the god, topping the god, sweeping the field, etc.; the performance part has a complete set of procedures, including the general, the setting of the dynasty, the main drama, etc. After entering the main play, the performances are rapped in the third person, the text is sandwiched with vernacular, seven words are the mainstay, there are both five words and ten words, gongs and drums with martial arts movements, high-pitched singing lyrics with joy, sadness and peace, a singing of the crowd. When jumping and jumping in the drums of war, the Tunbao people seem to return to the era of jingo iron horses.
The ground drama needs young blood, and the participation of young people can keep the legacy left by the ancestors alive forever. Zhan Xueyan put more energy into teaching ground opera. Jiuzhou Primary School and Hongwei Middle School in Anshun Xixiu District have successively hired Zhan Xueyan to teach ground opera in the school. As long as there are people outside the campus who want to learn local drama, Zhan Xueyan will also teach it without reservation.
Although there is no exquisite performance in Anshundi Opera, and the actors are only ordinary farmers born and raised, it is the spiritual belief of the tunpu people for hundreds of years, and it is also a small microcosm of the spiritual civilization homeland of rural China. The traditional culture of the past five thousand years, because of the collection of these folk cultures, because of the persistence of these inheritors, appears to be shining and dazzling.
At 8:10 p.m. next Tuesday, the "Memory of Guizhou" column will broadcast the sixth episode of the second season of the "Representative Inheritors of National Intangible Cultural Heritage" documentary exhibition season, "Shiquan Puppet Show National Inheritor - Rao Shiguang", please tune in!
"Memory of Guizhou" | previous selected series:
Memories of Guizhou | Past Selection of "Sichuan Salt into Qian"
Memories of Guizhou | Past Selection of "Miao Drum and Tibetan Festival"
Memories of Guizhou | Past Selected "Mountain Network"
Memory Guizhou | Selected in previous periods of "Three-Line Memory - Qiannan Chapter"
Memories of Guizhou | Past Selection of "Villages on the Edge of Time - Dimen"
Memory Guizhou | National Non-Hereditary Documentary Exhibition Season (1)
Memory Guizhou | National Non-Hereditary Documentary Exhibition Season (2)
Every Tuesday at 20:10, the Guizhou Intangible Cultural Heritage TV program "Memory of Guizhou" will be broadcast on the Science and Education Health Channel of Guizhou Radio and Television Station (Guizhou Channel 6), so please tune in!