The head of the ancient Greek "boy band" - Socrates

Socrates, like Confucius, "learned impermanence." Like Confucius on the mainland, he "said but did not do", but his ideas were preserved through the writings and records of his disciples Plato and others, and their influence was far-reaching. Let's walk into Socrates together.

1. On the purpose of education

Socrates believed that wealth alone could not make people virtuous, and that education was more necessary for the ruler, so he believed that the purpose of education was to cultivate the talents of the country.

2. Moral Education Theory - Cultivating the four virtues of wisdom, justice, bravery, and self-control. He has a lot to say about this.

(1) Wisdom is virtue: to teach people morality is to teach people wisdom, to teach people to distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil, to act correctly, wisdom is morality, so the thesis that "virtue is knowledge" is put forward.

(2) Law-abiding is justice: The essential meaning of justice is to obey the laws of the city-state. Socrates completely integrated education, morality and politics, and law, and law-abiding in morality.

(3) Bravery: Be able to treat all dangers rationally.

(4) Temperance: Self-control is the basis of virtue. That is, to restrain one's own behavior and suppress one's own desires

3. On intellectual education

Socrates believed that the ruler must have extensive knowledge. For the first time, geometry, astronomy, and arithmetic were listed as subjects that must be studied. He believed that the purpose of learning these disciplines was practical, not purely theoretical speculation.

4. Socrates

In his philosophical research and lectures, Socrates formed a unique method consisting of four steps: satire, midwifery, induction, and definition, called the Socratic method (or "midwifery" or "question-and-answer method"). Sarcasm is to constantly question the other party's speech, forcing the other party to fall into contradictions and admit their ignorance. Midwifery is about helping the other person get answers to their own questions. Induction is to find the commonality and essence of things from various specific things, and to seek "general" through the comparison of specific things. Definition is the subsuming of individual things into general concepts, obtaining a general concept of things.

The above is our summary of some educational ideas about Socrates' common examination, and the following are together:

【Multiple Choice Questions】

1. Of the following options, the erroneous statement about Socrates' educational ideas is ( ).

A. The first task of education is to cultivate morality

B. Self-control is the basis of all virtue

C. For the first time, geometry, astronomy, and arithmetic are listed as subjects that must be studied

D. The world's first educator to propose heuristic ideas

1. [Answer] D. Analysis: The world's earliest educator to put forward heuristic ideas is Confucius on the mainland, and Socrates is the earliest proposer of heuristic ideas in the history of Western education. Socrates' "midwifery" is divided into three steps, the first step: irony; the second step: definition; and the third step: midwifery, that is, to guide and inspire students to think for themselves and draw their own conclusions.

【Multiple Choice Questions】

Socrates does not directly impart specific knowledge in teaching, but pretends to be ignorant himself, and through cross-examination, puts the other party in a state of contradiction, guides the students, and concludes that Socrates satire, definition, and midwifery are. This pedagogical idea focuses on ( ).

A. Pay attention to the timing of inspiration B. Cause students to think through questions

C. Focus on logical reasoning D. Acquire knowledge through thinking

[Answer] ABCD.