Li Ji (李埴), the old and new Tang Dynasty book has no biography, and the Yuan He Surname Records him as the grandson of Li Gan and the son of Li Yan, but the date of birth and death is not recorded, and it is estimated that he was born before the death of Gong Gong (779), at least until the middle age of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (847 years later).
There is also no record of the time of the Jinshi in the Middle Ages, according to the genealogy of the Step, "Tang Zhenyuan Zhongdeng Jinshidi, for the bachelor, sometimes named". Cha Zhenyuan was the era name of Emperor Dezong of Tang for a total of 21 years (785-805). Zhenyuan is not the middle of Zhenyuan (hours), but the Zhenyuan period (period number). About 19 years after Zhen Yuan, Li Zhizhong was about 27 years old, which was the most energetic period of his life.
According to the Guangxin Emperor, the earliest historical material of Li Kuan was written on August 22 of the third year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang (829) for the seventh uncle Li Zhan, "Epitaph and Preface of the Tang Dynasty Li Chu Shi (Candle)", signed "Seventh Concubine, Orphan Son, Former Inspector Yu Shi Li Xing Xing". It can be known that in the descendants of Gongsun Gan, he ranked seventh, his father Li Xuan had died (died at about 73 years old), he was about 50 years old, his career was not very proud (former inspector Yu Shi Lixing), his health was not very good, and it can be inferred from the inscription "The disease of the barren thorns, the strength of the year and month, so it is not as good as the text".
The ninth year of Yamato (835) was an unforgettable year for both the Tang Dynasty and the Li Dynasty. On October 12 of this year, he filled in the Hanlin Temple by making up for the right. On November 21 of that year, the "Ganlu Incident" occurred, and in three days, the assets of Li Kun, Luo Rang, and others were looted by the rebels. As the saying goes, if it is difficult not to die, there will be a blessing! From then on, the public seemed to have been in the first year (836) to the fifth year (840), and had been firmly in the Hanlin Courtyard, and the ranking was constantly ranked first, ranking fifth in the first year, fourth in the second year, three in the third year, and two in the fourth year and five years, which can be described as one step step in the year. Chen Yixing, Zhou Qi, and Choi Hyun, who were in the hospital with their classmates, were discharged from the hospital one after another, and they were also discharged from the hospital in March of the fifth year.
On February 10, 837, in the second year of Kaicheng (837), Li Que was in the courtyard "Jiasi Xun Ren Wai Lang, see "Lang Guan Shi Zhu Inscription New Examination"; On the twentieth day of this month, He wrote an epitaph for the second uncle Li Xuan to relocate to Luoyang, signed by "Seventh Concubine, Hanlin Scholar, Chao Yilang, Right Supplement Que Nei Offering, Shang Qing Che Du Wei Li Wei". Historical materials can be found in the Compilation of Epitaphs of the Tang Dynasty, "The Epitaph and Preface of the Epitaph of Shi Cao of Henan Province Who Joined the Army of Li Gong (燧)"; On August 30 of the same year, Feng wrote the "Epitaph and Preface to the Tang Dynasty's Lady Dong of Longxi County", signed as Hanlin Scholar, Chao Yilang, Shang Shu Si Xun Ren Wai Lang, and Shang Qing Che Du Wei. Historical materials can be found in the New Edition of the Golden Text. Volume 759 Li Di. Pei Yanhan".
On the 10th of The New Year 838, the 18th of December 2018, kaheiburonaka.
On November 6, the fourth year of Kaicheng (839), qianzhong Shusheren (who wrote an edict for the emperor) was still in hanlin yuan. Historical materials can be found in Ding Juqian's "Hanlin Scholar's Wall Record" and Cen Zhongmian's "Langguan Shizhu Inscription New Examination".
On February 1, 840, the fifth year of the opening, Zi zi was given; On March 16, He was discharged from the hospital; In June of the same year, the historical materials of the "Envoys Shall Not Ride on the Eaves" can be found in the "Tang Huijiao" volume 31.
The first year (841) of Emperor Wuzong's reign was the first year in which Li Yan released the town of Li Dynasty since dengdi. According to the "Epitaph of The Longxi Li Clan of Ling Lu Jun's Deceased Wife in Haiyan County, Suzhou, Tang Dynasty", Li Shi was the sister of the Duke of Tang Dynasty, and died in the Suzhou official residence on April 4 of the first year of Huichang. The obituary was sent to Fujian by Gu Sufa and asked Kun to write a tomb table, signed as "Fujian and other prefectures to practice observation and disposal of the envoys, Chaosan Dafu, Inspector Zuo San riding changshi and Yushi Zhongcheng, giving purple goldfish bags Li Bian wrote." Li's husband, Lu, wrote an epitaph with the inscription: "My aunt is suitable for shou chun Li Kun." Duke Li served as a close secret, and now the town of Lian in Fujian. Yesterday, the road was painted in Jiaxing, the road was wandering for days, and Mrs. Shi's old illness was launched..." The two uncles wrote an article revealing some information: "I) Li Kuihui Chang at the beginning of the first year of the first year, he removed the Fujian town guard envoy, and quickly went to the southeast; (2) The route to office can be vaguely seen: resigning from Chang'an via Lantian (hanging zu Kao Gangong); passing through Nanyang, passing through Fuyang to Shouchun (to pay homage to the ancestors of the ancestors); from Hefei east to Huzhou, to Jiaxing to meet Lu Hui from the south of Suzhou; and then from Zhejiang and Fujian coast to Fuzhou to take over. (3) The meeting time in Jiaxing was about the beginning of the Year to February, when the old illness of the aunt recurred, and when Li Shi died in early April, He was already in Fuzhen and did not come to mourn. The rest, such as the successive close secrets of the Duke of Li, can be used as a footnote to the frequent promotions, generous rewards and subsequent eunuchs during the above-mentioned period of enlightenment.
How long is the term of office of Gong min town? It's hard to get into school! According to wu tingxie's "Chronology of Tang Fangzhen" of the Qing Dynasty: "Fujian observation envoy Tang Fu was from the first year to the fourth year of Kaicheng (836-839), Lu Zhen was in the fourth year of Kaicheng to the fifth year (839-840), and Li was in the third year of Huichang (841-843). According to this, Lin Jie's Gurudwara Tang Fu was four years ago, and Gurudwara Lu Zhen should be in huichang for two years. Gurudwara Lu Zhen was present at the time of the explanation, and Li Yuan was also present as Lu Zhen. The observation of Lu Zhen and Li Yanren in Fujian listed in the "Chronology of TangFang Town" makes the time slightly wrong. Huichang re-entered the imperial history in the second year. According to this, in the second year of Huichang (842), he should return to Beijing to be the inspector of imperial history. Historical materials can be found in the Chronology of Tang Fangzhen and the Taiping Guangji, vol. 175.
Three years after Huichang (843), Li Di's appointment is unknown. At present, only the sixth volume of the Baoji Class Compilation "The Inscription of The Xi Dynasty" records Li Xi, which is july 2 of the first year of the Great Middle Age (847). Volume 151 of the Complete Compilation of Tang Thorn History, "Fuzhou, Eastern Province, Jiangnan Province", also quotes this, saying: "When it is a foreign mission to do this, or when the Fu Thorn is removed, the road is out of here"? This place is far from Fuzhou, and it is impossible for Li Kun to leave his post to pass through here. This may be another possibility: to put out a nearby town in Jiangnan. It was also found by the Guangxin Clan relatives from the "Guangdong Tongzhi" not long ago that the list of thorn histories in Shaozhou (present-day Shaoguan) lists Li Kui, but unfortunately there is no chronology, which can only be calculated according to the time of the inscription of The Xi Xi in 847, and Li Kun stepped down as a Fu Thorn in 842 in the second year of Huichang, and there was no record of five years, during which it is entirely possible to release another assassin history. If you stab Shaozhou, the time, place, and route all coincide. In 847, on the way back to Beijing, he went to Huanxi to watch it. Because of the excitement, the inscription is a souvenir, and it also lives up to the celebrities of this life! Of course, this can be conclusively determined by the future discovery of historical materials.
At the end, there is still a suspense that has not been explained: when is Li Quejia's right scattered riding regular waiter? After Tang Thorn Shi Kao thought it was a Min Thorn, he did not pass the examination for the last one to be the Shaozhou Thorn History, so the Thorn Shao was still an orphan certificate. What age and age is it to change from the right of the Three Pins official rank to the Shi, and to avoid henan and move forward? To date, there is no information to support it. It can only be found in the future of underground treasures. If the "Chunxi Sanshan Zhi" in the eighth year of the middle school (854) is not a forgery, the spring and autumn should be nearly old. Step by step, step by step, happy with its landscape, build an altar to swear to the gods, and pay homage to the ancestors. A glimpse of the whole leopard shows the vitality and tension of my husband's life at that time! Enjoying a great life is an indisputable thing. (Late Autumn in Yangcheng)
It has been four years since the above article was published, and it is humiliating to say, there is no new material on hand, and the additions and deletions are limited. To add a little more, at the beginning of the first year of kaicheng (836), Li Kun made a speech to Wen Zongdun in the forbidden period, interceding for Li Zongmin of the Niu Party, although it was not adopted, it can be seen that his heart is inclined to the Niu (Monk) Party. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, "Niu Li (Deyu) Party Struggle" forty years, the Niu Party was a combination of Keju into the Shi, and li Dang was mostly born in the shade, although He was not deeply involved in it, but subconsciously revealed that he was also a member of the Keju. Deyu's father, Li Jifu, served as prime minister twice, and Deyu was talented enough to enter the first division of the imperial examination, but he disdained scientific examination and entered the army with a door. It is thus conjured up that when Duke Gan was alive, the first five of the nine sons were all officials of The Gate Yin. However, the gentleman's Ze, the third generation and the beheading, the generation of the Duke, the ancestor is no longer, completely rely on their own hard work. The above example may be supplemented by the testimony of Li Qi's entry into the Shi Orphan (Niu Monk Ru was born in 779, zhenyuan 21 years in 805 was admitted to the first place, and served as prime minister. 埴 and Ox may have entered the army in the same year).
There is also a matter that can also be used as a supplementary certificate for the birth of the Tsukiko, because it may cause disputes and the writing is lengthy, so let's make a long story short. At that time, the historical background, most of the officials wanted to become Capital officials and did not want to go to the localities. In 841, Duke Fu was appointed as a fu thorn, and I thought it was a promotion! However, after watching more of the Tang and Song dynasties, I realized that they were squeezed out of the center of the imperial court! Before being discharged from the hospital by the second ranked Hanlin scholar Yushi Zhongcheng , he had served as a Zhizhi Commandery ( 知制诰 ) , a soldier in langzhong and a zhongshu sheren , and was given a purple gold fish bag , and was already a close vassal of Emperor Wenzong. In the Daizong Dynasty where zhongshu sheren rose directly to zaizhi, there was Chang Gun, and when Xuanzong had Cui Youfu, and with The Hanlin scholar of the same academy as the chancellor, there were Chen Yixing, Gui Rong, and Cui Xuan. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong, li deyu was the leader of the Li party whose father entered the shi, and the bull party that entered the shi in the late Tang Dynasty almost formed a situation of han and cao, often the bull party was under the Li party, and the Li party entered the bull party and the cow party came out! Li Yan was sent out to the border prefecture of Fujian at that time, and served as an assassin instead of being promoted to the post of envoy of Jiedushi, Deyu deliberately transferred him away from the emperor's side, obviously classifying him as a cattle sect from keju!
There are two deletions: (1) Ren Fu Thorn and Shao Thorn Time. [Tang Fangzhen Chronology] Earlier it is said that Li Renfu thorn was in the first year of Huichang to the third year (841~843), and later it is said that Lin Jie Gurudwara Lu Zhen was in the second year of Huichang, when Shi Kun was present, and Yi was on the occasion of accounting, he thought that Li Ren Fu stabbed in the second year of Huichang. According to the tomb table written by Kun to his aunt, there is no doubt that his appointment was indeed the first year of Huichang. However, there is no evidence for leaving office, and the chronology only abruptly says ,"Huichang re-entered as a superintendent of the imperial history in the second year of Huichang", and I was misled into thinking that fu thorn stepped down in the second year of Huichang. At that time, I also vaguely felt unreliable: Yushi was only a seven-pin official, while Yushi Zhongcheng was the deputy chief of Yushitai, and Yushi Min was from the rank of Inspector Zuo Sanqi changshi and Yushi Zhongzhong, and the rank was at least on the four pins, so re-entering the imperial history must have someone else. It has been verified that this person was the famous poet Li Yuan from Yunyang in Shu, this late Tang Dynasty talent who was "endowed with poetry like pottery" (Yuanming), who did the history of The Three Prefectures of Yuezhou, Jianzhou, and Hangzhou in the following middle years; during the Kaicheng years, he worked as a superintendent of imperial history in the capital, and in five years (840) accompanied Lu Zhen into Fujian as an aide, and Lu returned to Beijing in 841 to serve as a Hubu Langzhong, and assisted Li Yuan to re-enter Beijing in 842 as an inspector of imperial history, and Li's career has developed since then. To understand this point, the following Li Que's actions can be solved, but the hardships of examination are cold and warm and self-aware (see Fu Xuanqun's "Tang Caizi Transmission School Notes").
According to the above, Li Jian shao should be in 844, most likely transferred directly from Fujian. This has the factors of timely funds, transportation is too difficult, and more importantly, Shaozhou's geographical location is too critical, its north of the Five Ridges, south of Guangzhou, is the Central Plains to Guangnan key. In 880, the Huangchao rebel army invaded Guangzhou from Fujian and then swept north through the Central Plains. Therefore, Shaozhou was listed as a heavy state at that time. Nearly four years in the prefecture, it can be said that the waves were not alarming, until the first year of the Great Middle School (847), which was the age of the ancient rare Zhishi, was ordered to return to the north (Deyu was demoted to Hainan), passing through Qiyang, Hunan, leaving behind the handwriting and good story of the "Huoxi Inscription". (See Guangdong Tongzhi).
By the way, to add another thing, Gong Gong stabbed Min with the left changshi of the inspection school, and served with the right changshi. Left and right Chang Shi in the Tang Dynasty was from Sanpin, belonging to the actual high-ranking officials. The inspection is similar to the current acting and preparation meaning, as long as it has made political achievements or has no problems, it can generally be corrected. There are two time periods: one is when it was changed from Min Thorn to Shao Thorn in 844, and the other is when it retired in 847, the former is more likely, because Shaozhou is an important town, and the imperial court must appoint high-ranking officials to sit in Zhenjiao. The above Li Di xingnian accounts all have sources, that is, there is historical evidence, logically standing, the evidence has formed a complete chain, it is estimated that there are not many belly slanders! However, the second point to be deleted below may be more sensitive, so let's explore the micro as a brick introduction, and pray that everyone will discuss rationally.
(2) Li Yan did not go to Jiangyou after retirement, and his tomb was most likely in Luoyang
To clarify this problem, we must use the information that has been found so far, and try to be as realistic as possible to introduce the age of the protagonist. According to the four epitaphs written by Li Kun himself, combined with the epitaphs written by Yuwen Miao for Gong Gong, after repeated verification, the exact date of birth and death of Duke Shi and his second son: Gong Gong was born in 717 and died in 779; Fu was born in 747, died in 799, "Thirty-eight years, in his hometown" (The epitaph written by Gong Gong was 837 years, and the exact coincidence!) In the fourth of the nine sons, the total row of six (six langs), "Ling Yin TWELVE" that is, twelve children, according to the law of large numbers, generally with the parents an average of two years old, Born in about 755, died about 827, dai and three years later in 829, when he wrote the epitaph for the seventh uncle Candle, he was during the three years of his father's death. The year of birth and death is even more of a mystery, and it takes a little more pen and ink. It is known that among his grandchildren, he has a total line of seven, and the names of his eldest brother Li Jun (the son of the great uncle) should be taken by Gong Gong. Because gonggong firmly believes in the five elements, the nine sons are all taken from the fire and are strange characters, according to the five elements, and the grandchildren should take the soil side. Kaiyang once questioned the example of The Eldest Son Shantong, and his views were universal, so he gave two examples to explain the confusion, and you should see the official power as a tidbit to alleviate aesthetic fatigue. The second son is quite talented and very personal among the nine sons, and a stroke of character has been perfected, and the prospects for his career are promising. However, the talent is great or rebellious, the personality is strong, it is easy to go to extremes, about three to six months after the death of the duke, the official is buried, it is absolutely difficult to bear the grievances of the old father, the father resigned in anger after the burial, he was determined not to do it, from then on, he wandered the rivers and lakes, read all kinds of hardships in the world, died at the age of 52 at the age of 52, and died in the Wucheng present-day Wuxing Hostel, and the remains were 38 years later when his nephew Li Jun moved to Luoyang, opened his wife's tomb and buried next to the Gong Gong. Because of his uncertain and uncertain comings and goings, his son Shan Tong was smaller than Li Kun, and should have been born after the death of Gong Gong and was named after Fu. From the name, we can taste the state of mind and situation at that time: Yan Father's I Ching Gossip could not calculate his own wrongful death, and the naming of the Five Elements did not allow the family to live together! However, the name of Shantong is thoroughly rooted in the taste of the Birth of the Buddhist Family, and too many tribulations have made Flint from preaching Taoism at home to converting to Buddhism! The opposite example is the seven sons candle, when the father died, he was only young, and he had a deep affection for his loving father, and when he gave birth, he named Li Yan according to his father's will, and pinned his father's feelings! Because of his single-minded fist and fist, he died early in middle age, and he wished that the spirit skeleton would accompany his father forever. In 829, his son Li Yan traveled thousands of miles to send his father coffin north from present-day Zhongxiang Jia Wei in Hubei province to luoyang gan cemetery. He won the admiration of "Although life is not good, death is a son". Without counting the length of the two examples, the purpose is to prove that He was born before the Emperor Gangong (779). Looking at his life and behavior, the salient feature is low-key and cautious, and the grandfather's publicity is just two poles, indicating that he was deeply branded by the collapse of family affairs when he was a child! Based on all the information, I deduce that he was born in 777, and the error between the upper and lower levels is not more than one year. Brought in to verify, He was 60 years younger than his grandfather, 22 years younger than his father, about 27 years old when he was a junior soldier, and retired after 847 years of the first year of the Middle Age, which also met the General 70-year-old Zhishi regulations of the Tang Dynasty. Basically logical.
If the above inference is correct, the year of gonggong's death should be during the middle age of Emperor Xuanzong (847-860). The middle and middle period was the last period of the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Xuanzong Li Chen was known as Emperor Taizong, and although the society did not rise to a flat level, it was at least stable; the people were far from rich, but at least they were not displaced. If there is social stability and there is no turmoil, there will be no reality and reason for taking refuge and living on the right side of the river. The analysis is as follows:
1. Li Gan is recognized by the Li clan as the ancestor of Jingzhaotang, and is an important successor of Jingzhaotang, who has experienced and served the Ninth Dynasty and Eight Emperors of the Tang Dynasty in his lifetime, and on the basis of his father's management, Hejing Zhaojun is expected to revive Guangda in the eastern capital Luoyang. Father and son took over to buy and build a family cemetery in The Mountain, where the land was scarce, and relocated the tomb of their grandparents from Rongzhou (Yibin) and was given the title of Prince Shaobao and the founding duke (Erpin) of Shouchun County. The bones of the second uncle were buried from Huzhou, the coffin of the seventh uncle moved in from Jingchu, plus the father and son of the great uncle, his parents, etc., Zu Mo has buried more than a dozen people. Luoyang is the second home of the family built after RongZhou (after the death of Chang'an, the rice pearls are expensive, and it is not easy to live in a big place). If it were not for the extraordinary circumstances, he would not have abandoned the spirits of his ancestors and parents and gone away from home! In fact, as a three-pin official of the imperial court, his home is in the eastern capital, and his life and death are long, and when the time comes, the imperial court will send special officials to allocate special funds, and according to the specifications of the Tang Dynasty etiquette system, build a cemetery, a tree archway, a standing stone, and the officials below the four pins will worship and be buried with beautiful scenery.
2. He was over seventy when he retired, and he was no longer allowed to toss it at an old age. According to Ji Xingshi, he had never served in Jiangxi, which was thousands of miles away, and the transportation was very inconvenient at that time, unless the Central Plains was difficult to go far away. The great calamity came unexpectedly 30 years later in 880, when the Huangchao army captured Luoyang Chang'an, the two capitals fell, and Tianjie trampled on the bones of gongqing. Especially in the house of the official eunuch, if you don't run, you will die. At this time, the Duke of Kun was already a hundred-year-old immortal, and his children were more than seventy or eighty years old, and they should be grandchildren, great-grandchildren, dozens of hundreds of people, divided into several branches, and fled to the south, east, west, south, and other places. In order to meet and not know each other after the chaos, each branch carried the three ancestral figures of Gan, Zhen, and Yuan as the basis for recognizing the ancestors and returning to the ancestors in the future. This campaign lasted for nearly a hundred years from the beginning of the Yellow Nest at the end of the Tang Dynasty to the founding of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the founding of the Song Dynasty in 960, and the descendants of The Qiqi and their nine sons in the north fled to the south, most of them could not return to the Central Plains in their lifetime, and could only settle down and prosper in the local area. The Hundred Years of War and Turmoil contributed to the convergence of the descendants of various branches of Jingzhaotang (including but not limited to the Gangong branch) in the south. It is boldly speculated that in today's Fujian, Jiangxi, two lakes and two guangzhous, Yunguichuan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, Southeast Asia (except for Nanjing Zhaotang in Yueyue) and overseas places, where ancestral halls, genealogical records or oral transmissions are Jingzhaotang, it is likely that they should be descendants of Jingzhaotang. Due to the protracted war, the lives of the people are charcoal, and the historical materials are destroyed, resulting in a serious generational phenomenon of family trees, such as jiangxi stepping from Li to Changshi for seven or eight generations. At present, some genealogies of the Jingzhaotang branch are in chaos, in addition to the gap in knowledge and consciousness structure, mainly due to the lack of data and the discontinuation of genealogy due to social turmoil.
3. It seems not superfluous: The millennium step is the ancient village of the Gonggong and Jingzhao culture, and it is the ancestral land since the Northern Song Dynasty! This article explores Wei Cheng's fear of hurting the ancestral relatives, allow me to explain one or two: when the Southern Song Dynasty Liyan and Liwu Ancestor first created the Xianchun Genealogy (1272), because the Broken Dynasty (about 190 years) can only start from the Northern Song Dynasty Changshi Ancestral Genealogy. However, the first preface of the Liyan only has the Changshi Altar, not the Tomb of Li Kun: First, if the tomb is indeed moving forward, the 72th Genealogical Record will not be a wooden plant but only a soilside; the second is that the sentence "From the Altar of Changshu to the West Hundred Steps to the West, there is a Tomb of Li Kun" was added by posterity! With evidence, I have seen with my own eyes that there is no such sentence in the preface to the earlier score.
The tomb is not in the step, it will be in Luoyang, the reason is simple, there is no stone here! Because the two ancestors of Gan and Di are three products, according to the Tang ritual system, without exception, they enjoy four groups of stones gifted by the royal family, this thing in that era, in addition to showing respect and rank, can not be eaten or used; so thousands of years of ancient tombs are ten rooms and nine empty, but this thing still exists on the surface. Please rest assured that the archaeology of foreigners cannot go to the ancestors! For example, the excavation of the TombStone in Luoyang does not affect the feng shui and image of Yibin, who gave birth to him and raised him; I believe that one day, the Li Jingzhao Ancestral Hall will stand proudly in Yibin! Where is the tomb? Things will be naturally clear over time. But why is it that in the same mountain, the tombstones of gan, flint and candle have long been excavated, but the tomb chambers of the tomb have not been found? According to archaeological findings in Luoyang, the first three people's graves are in the same area, and the tomb sites of The Tombs may be in another area. Just as the Candle Lord will be with the Father after his death, so the Father and the Father will not abandon each other. The only filial piety that has been difficult for eternity! With this filial piety inherited, my Li clan can endure thousands of years of immortality, life and death, standing tall in the forest of the Chinese nation.
Li Shengqi, a descendant of the Lai clan Jing Zhaotang
Summer 2020 in Guiyang