We always say that in the next five thousand years of Chinese history, we have always stood on the top of the world for 5,000 years, looking at the world can have such a long civilization and can also prosper for a long time, long in the world's top ranks, only China!
There is always a saying on the Internet: five thousand years ago we faced the flood like the Egyptians, four thousand years ago we played bronze like the ancient Babylonians, three thousand years ago we thought about philosophy like the Greeks, two thousand years ago we fought everywhere like the Romans, a thousand years ago we were as rich as the Arabs, and now we are as short as the Americans, for five thousand years we have been at the table of the world, and the opponent has changed several rounds!
So, the question is, in 5,000 years, there are not a few empires on the earth, countless powerful people, the Macedonian Empire spans Asia, Europe and Africa, the Roman Empire turns the Mediterranean into an inland sea, Persia, Sabbath, Kushan, Ottoman, Charlemagne and so on Empires were once synonymous with strength, and now they are in peace. Its main ethnic group either declined or disappeared into the long river of history.
Why is it that only China, and only China, can stand for 5,000 years without falling? We explore the past, draw strength from history, and help contemporary national rejuvenation, but in the past five thousand years, dynastic changes, cultural evolution, everything is dynamically changing, what is the invariant that has supported the Chinese nation to stand in the forest of the world's nations for 5,000 years?
In the long river of time of 5,000 years, only the geography of mountains and rivers is basically unchanged, from the geography to explore history, looking for the vertical invariants, and finally my eyes are fixed on the map of China three horizontal and one vertical, this kind of natural power and the crystallization of human wisdom, is the eternal source of power for the development of the Chinese nation, supporting the Chinese nation to stand in the world for 5,000 years of invariants!
So, which three horizontal and one vertical are there, and listen to me to tell you in detail. I am the history of the green shirt bomb, this article is exclusive original, without permission, please do not reprint, like friends can click a concern to support Oh ~
01 Yellow River
The Yellow River, originating from the Jogu zonglie Basin in the northern foothills of the Bayankara Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, meanders from west to east, flowing through 9 provincial-level administrative units in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea, showing a shape of a few characters on the map of China, which is the first of three horizontals and one vertical, although there are twists and turns, the overall direction from west to east is a horizontal.
The Yellow River is known as the mother river of Chinese civilization, millions of years ago the Yellow River Basin has been ape-man activities, 7,000 years ago the Yellow River Basin gave birth to the early human civilization, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture, Dawenkou culture and other brilliant moments, from the excavated ruins we can glimpse the glory of the past.
The Xia Dynasty was active in the Yellow River Valley, the Shang Dynasty moved its capital frequently due to the flooding of the Yellow River, the Zhou Dynasty rose in Qishan, the capital was moved to Luoyi after the capital Washoe, the Qin and Han Empire almost copied the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, and the political center of the Wei and Jin Dynasties was also mainly in the Yellow River Basin, the Sui and Tang imperial families rose up in the Long Right, the Northern Song Dynasty directly fixed the capital of Kaifeng on the banks of the Yellow River, the economic center of the Three Dynasties of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties moved south, but the political center has always remained unchanged, in the northern Yellow River Basin, it can be said that the Yellow River, along with the beginning and end of Chinese politics, witnessed the budding of Chinese civilization from birth. To develop and grow, and eventually to maturity.
The Yellow River not only provides the Chinese nation with water resources for the continuation of life, but also provides a strategic buffer space for the Chinese nation.
Since ancient times, the Yellow River Basin outbreak of large-scale wars are numerous, a history of the Yellow River War covers most of China's history, the war of hegemony between the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor in ancient times, between the Yellow Emperor and Xuan You, the Mingtiao Battle and the Makino War in the pre-Qin period were a revolution of dynastic renewal, and the subsequent Battles of Julu, the Battle of Kunyang, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Tanyuan and so on in the Yellow River Basin determined the life and death of a dynasty.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, North China fell, most of China fell into the hands of the Japanese Kou, and most of Shanxi became enemies, but the Shaanxi Province next to it was able to avoid bad luck and the whole territory was intact, and the reason behind this was of course related to the Jin-Shaanxi land of the Mountains and Rivers in the table, and the barrier role of the Yellow River could not be ignored.
Xian Xinghai's "Yellow River Chorus" not only sings the determination and courage of the Chinese nation to resist the Japanese invasion, but also the indomitable will of a nation, and the turbulent Yellow River flows with the tenacious vitality of the Chinese nation for 5,000 years and the indomitable spirit of constantly fighting against the sky.
Although the Yellow River is a gift from nature to the Chinese nation, she gave birth to Chinese culture and is the mother river of Chinese civilization, but this mother is not only a gentle side, the disaster brought about by the violent time is also a terrible abnormality, and the transformation and taming of the Yellow River in the development process of Chinese civilization has always run through the development process of Chinese civilization.
The eight hundred miles of QinChuan poured out of the Yellow River gave birth to the five major empires of Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang, which used their glorious history to dye the most primitive background of China, which was the deepest pride in the blood of the Chinese nation, but it was precisely because of the cultivation of the five major empires, the great river became the Yellow River, which became the most headache of the dynasties that governed the country. The Northern Song Dynasty was built on the banks of the Yellow River, the Yellow River flood plagued the Northern Song Dynasty, but also in the continuous flood control and disaster prevention of the rush to exhaust the vitality of the empire, the Ming and Qing Dynasties the Yellow River changed course many times, seized Huai into the sea, in the process of controlling the flood, constantly find out the temperament of the Yellow River, and finally left to future generations is a relatively peaceful mother river.
For a long time, the Yellow River Basin has undertaken the heavy responsibility of China's political center, cultural center, economic center, and military center, and the dynasty has risen here, defeated the strong enemy, gradually grown from small to large, and finally conquered the deer in the central plains, and the strong Yusi also declined in Si, along with the large-scale development of the southern region, the economic center and the cultural center migrated to the south, and the other horizontal of the three horizontal and one vertical, the importance of the Yangtze River was also highlighted.
02 Yangtze River
Like the Yellow River, the Yangtze River also originates on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and flows into the sea from west to east, making it the second of the three horizontals and one vertical. The Yangtze River takes a W-shape from west to east on the map of China, and the Yangtze River flows from west to east through Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai, with a total length of 6387 kilometers, the third in the world.
Ancient Chinese ancestors along the Yellow River, the Yangtze River settled, the development of civilization, and then continue to radiate influence, Sui and Tang before the 3,000 years, the Yellow River as the center of Chinese civilization, along with the Yellow River Basin due to the deterioration of the environment led to the decline in geographical strength and other unfavorable conditions increased, the Strength of the Central Plains Dynasty against foreign invasions also began to decline, The Chinese civilization is facing a precarious situation, not afraid of the danger of collapse, but the greatest luck of Chinese civilization is that she has two big rivers flowing in the same direction but flowing through different climatic landforms. The Yellow River is in the north, the Yangtze River is in the south, when the Yellow River is not enough to support the full power of a huge civilization, the Yangtze River is on top of the trend, the comprehensive southward shift of the economic center and the partial transfer of the cultural center have reduced the pressure on the Yellow River and injected more vitality into the Chinese civilization.
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the main streams of the two great rivers and their tributaries, cover almost all parts of China, and with the support of these two great rivers, in the political environment of the great unification system, the Chinese nation is not only politically but also geographically completely integrated into an inseparable whole.
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River, is the greatest gift of nature to the Chinese nation, abundant water sources bring convenient transportation, which in ancient times is equivalent to a natural highway, Li Bai's pen to resign the White Emperor between the clouds, a thousand miles of Jiangling a day, with the convenience of the Yangtze River system. The circulation of commodities pays attention to a timeliness, relying on the water transport transaction can undoubtedly take the lead in the rapidly changing market, in order to get rich before building roads This is the long-term practical experience of the Chinese ancestors, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in ancient times were super infrastructure given by God. Land roads will be used badly, need to be constantly maintained, and water transport is a natural golden transport road, the average person to establish a factory needs to consider high-speed rail, aircraft, highways and other traffic factors, but with the Yangtze River Yellow River, waterside factories only need to be responsible for production, through the Yangtze River Yellow River throughout most parts of the country water system, products can be quickly transported to the market.
In China, with the Yangtze River running horizontally through the south of China and the Yellow River running horizontally through the north of China, in fact, China is politically connected as a whole and economically integrated into a unified market. Therefore, China's five thousand years of history, never heard of the confrontation between the north and the south, but rarely saw the situation of east-west opposition, to know that China's terrain from west to east is a three-step gap, according to the reason, it is easy to form a regional defense, resulting in the fact of a country within a country, but in the history of 5,000 years this situation has not formed a long-term trend, of which the Yangtze River and the Yellow River two large rivers horizontally through China May be the most important reason for it.
03 The Great Wall
The third of the three horizontal and one vertical is for the Great Wall. The Ming Great Wall as seen now stretches from Hushan in Liaoning in the east to Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west, and passes through ten provincial-level administrative units of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai from east to west, with a total of 156 counties and a total length of 8851.8 kilometers.
China's vast land of more than 9.63 million square kilometers, the west has the endless Gobi Desert, the southwest also has the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a barrier, the southern mountains and jungles, the east is an endless ocean, for a long time, China is in a semi-closed state, the Silk Road of external communication has the Hexi Corridor to protect, the only geographical deficiency lies in the north of China, the vast grassland lives a group of fierce nomadic peoples, The collision between nomadic civilization and agricultural civilization has always been a contest of blood and fire, which is a life-and-death situation in which you retreat and advance.
The Great Wall, artificially provided a kind of screen, to make up for the geographical disadvantage of Chinese civilization in the north, the development of civilization ups and downs, when the Zhongyuan Dynasty was strong, the Great Wall provided a strategic fulcrum for external expansion, and when the Zhongyuan Dynasty declined, the Great Wall provided a defense system to protect the people in Guannei and protect her civilization.
Looking at the development trajectory of the major civilizations in ancient and modern China and abroad, most of the civilizations that can be continued for a long time are in a relatively closed environment geographically, and among the four ancient civilizations, ancient Babylon was the first to perish. Geographically, the land of four wars, no natural danger as a screen, no geographical advantage as an obstacle, once the strength of the army declines, it is naturally unable to resist the invasion of foreign enemies, and the development of culture naturally faces the risk of decline and destruction. The same ancient Egypt and ancient India lacked the conditions for closed development to a certain extent, and Chinese civilization originally had this risk, but the industrious Chinese ancestors artificially built a great wall through their own wisdom and firmly protected their civilization until she was fully mature and not afraid of any external risks.
For the Great Wall, this is the spirit integrated into the Chinese blood, the spirit of unyielding struggle, the endless inheritance, is a symbol of a nation, and perhaps it is precisely because of this that the Great Wall can become the first batch of Chinese buildings inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List, this year is 1987!
04 Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
One of the three horizontal and one vertical is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which runs from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south, directly connecting the two major economic centers, North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, from south to north, passing through Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, four provinces and two cities, running through the Haihe, Yellow, Huaihe, Yangtze, Qiantang River five major water systems, with a total length of about 1797 kilometers, is the world's longest mileage, the largest ancient canal.
The Grand Canal was excavated in the Spring and Autumn Period, completed in the Sui Dynasty, prosperous in the Tang and Song Dynasties, taken from the Yuan Dynasty, dredged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, if calculated from the Han ditch dug by Wu Wangfu in 486 BC, it has a history of more than 2500 years, the time span is rare at home and abroad, and the rulers of the successive dynasties have paid no less attention to the Grand Canal, and have organized three large-scale constructions, such a huge project, the huge number of manpower and material resources used, the complexity of organization and management, fully embodying the superiority of the great unified dynasty of ancient China, Looking at the ancient world, there are very few people who can achieve such achievements!
The opening of the Grand Canal initially served military purposes, and with the large-scale development of the south, especially the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, Liang, and Chen Si Dynasty, the southern economy was greatly developed, while at this time, the north was increasingly declining under the long-term turmoil of the Wuhu Chaohua, and the trend of China's economic center moving south was already obvious. When the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, although the country was reunified, but the separation of the political center and the economic center was imminent, and the inevitable brewing of division under the dual system, how could such a thing be tolerated for a civilization that had been in the environment of great unification for a long time?
So, the separation of the economic center and the political center is an inevitable general trend, and how to avoid the risk of national turmoil and even division caused by the separation of the two? The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal came into being in this environment, and the Sui Dynasty immediately made the decision to run through the North and South Grand Canal after the unification of the world, on the one hand, to strengthen the management of the South politically through the Grand Canal, and on the other hand, to strengthen the ties between the North and the South economically, to supply the people of the North with the wealth of the South, and to guard the tranquility of the South with the North, complementing each other and complementing each other.
Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, successive dynasties, whether it is a great unified dynasty, or a divided regime in the period of division, all pay attention to the dredging and improvement of the canal, based on the canal, the establishment of a huge and complex water transport system, the materials from all over the country are continuously transported to the capital, the Yuan Dynasty period Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the whole line, the Ming and Qing dynasties Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal becomes the main line of north-south water transport, to some extent, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the life support and power supply system of the Ming and Qing dynasties, maintaining the life of the dynasty, once the water transport collapses, The collapse of the dynasty stands before our eyes.
The comprehensive penetration of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has completely contributed to the process of the southward shift of China's economic center, accompanied by more and more frequent economic and cultural exchanges between the north and the south, and the development of a wider southern region, which has greatly expanded China's marginal security.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, along with the Great Wall and the Qan'erjing, is listed as the three greatest projects in ancient China, and is a memory engraved in the blood of the infrastructure madman, and on June 22, 2014, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was successfully selected into the World Cultural Heritage List at the 38th World Heritage Conference, becoming the 46th World Heritage Project in China.
05 Final Chapter
Supporting the Chinese civilization to stand in the world for 5,000 years without falling, in search of the unchanging constant behind this, we open the map of China, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Great Wall, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal these three horizontal and one vertical are clearly displayed in our vision, they play an important role in the relay style in different periods, and jointly achieve the source of the endless power of Chinese civilization.
Although the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the gifts of nature to the Chinese nation, 5,000 years of time, the Yellow River of the Yangtze River gave birth to Chinese civilization, and at the same time, Chinese civilization has also changed the Yellow River of the Yangtze River, the Great Wall and the Grand Canal are the great feats created by the ancient Chinese ancestors who made full use of the terrain and terrain to exert human subjective initiative and create great feats, which is the great achievement of the combination of the great power of nature and human wisdom!
For Chinese, the significance of the Yellow River of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal of the Great Wall is not only a river and a building, but also the spirit of being passed down from generation to generation in the blood of the Chinese nation, and it is also an eternal driving force that supports the continuous progress of Chinese civilization.
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