I remember the spring many years ago, when I hadn't cut my long hair, I didn't have a credit card, I didn't have her, I didn't have a home with 24-hour hot water, but I was so happy, although I only had a broken wooden guitar.
In the street under the bridge, in the field, singing the song that no one cares about, if one day I am old and helpless, please leave me in that time, if one day I quietly leave, please bury me in this spring.
……
Everyone will grow old, especially in feudal societies, and under what circumstances will the elderly be taken care of?
Zhu Yuanzhang said what is the old man
History of The Ming Dynasty. The Chronicle of Food and Goods records what is the elderly and what is the adult: "The people are born in the beginning, by their name the day does not become Ding, the sixteenth day of the year becomes Ding, the service of the Ding, sixty and free", that is, 16 years old is an adult, can marry and have children, can serve in the military, pay taxes and miscellaneous services. However, it takes over eighty years of age for the government to start caring for the elderly.
For example, the Records of ming Taizu records that an eighty-year-old man can get "three buckets of wine and five pounds of meat; those over ninety can add one piece of cloth".
Because of the difference of twenty years of age, some people in the past thought that the Ming Dynasty's policy towards the elderly was not good, but in fact, this was a misunderstanding.
Zhu Yuanzhang, as an emperor who rose from the grassroots level, had a sense of empathy for the joys and sorrows of the people, so he had a good feeling for the care of the elderly in the folk and how to use the elderly to better serve his rule.
Zhu Yuanzhang and the Ming Dynasty knighted the elderly over the age of sixty, feasted on wine, and gave rice and flour grain and oil
In May of the nineteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang was knighted to the old man. Ying Tian and Fengyang are those over the age of eighty who are social scholars; those over 90 years old are townspeople; and those over eighty years old in other places are scribes.
In the sixteenth year of Hongwu, the old man was feasted twice a year on the fifteenth and fifteenth day of the first month of the first month. Participants over 60 years old can participate.
At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang gave the poor elderly the following care: those over eighty years old without industry were given five buckets of rice, five pounds of meat, and three buckets of wine every month. Those who are more than ninety years old shall be given one horse and five pounds of meat."
When Ming Chengzu Zhu Di ascended the throne in the nineteenth year, he ordered that "those who are more than eighty years old will be given two horses of silk, two horses of cloth, one bucket of wine, and ten pounds of meat."
Two years after Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne for the second time, he issued an edict that "there are more than eighty people between the military and the people, regardless of men and women, and there is a division to give a horse of silk, a pound of cotton, ten stones of rice, and ten pounds of meat." Ninety or more, multiplied.". After six years, it was changed to "Those who are more than seventy years old, and you will be given ten bottles of wine and ten pounds of meat per year." For those over eighty, add two pounds of cotton and two horses of cloth."
Eleven years of Ming Xianzong: Anyone who is over the age of eighty is given two pounds of brocade and two pieces of cloth every year.
For those who have money and the conditions to provide for their parents, Zhu Yuanzhang once decreed that all families with land property and the ability to support themselves, because the family is rich, and there are elderly people over the age of eighty or ninety years old in the family, the government may not give grain and rice rewards, but in fact, in order to ensure that rich people and people without money do not have a psychological gap because of this, it is also given.
Similarly, the elderly with status and wealth are placed in the ruling class. At the grass-roots level (city) and fang (suburb of the city), they are jointly managed by the mayor and the elderly, and the two are elected from among the people of Benli (110 households in 1 mile) after approval by the state and county governments.
He is mainly responsible for four issues: handling various civil disputes in the specially set up Shenming Pavilion (Ethnic Shan Pavilion); supervising local officials; supervising the work of people who eat good work; guiding folk customs; managing and supervising the management of various warehouses built by the government in the local area, and maintaining the order of the market.
How to deal with crimes committed by the elderly and crimes against the elderly
In the law, the Ming dynasty government: those who do not filial piety and abandon their adoptive parents beat 80 large boards. So what is filial piety to parents?
Volume 286 of the Records of emperor Ming Yingzong records that a child and a woman rushed into her parents, and ate wine and meat, her parents ate rough tea and light rice, wore silk cloth and their parents' tattered clothes, rode their own saddle horses and walked their parents, enjoyed the hardships of their parents, and did not obey the discipline, and were angry with the grandmother.
In social reality, if parents have children or even no offspring, then, who takes care of the elderly? Then, it is up to the son-in-law or nephew to bear the burden. What if not? Then it is up to the State to provide for it.
The Ming government stipulated that if children and grandchildren abused their parents or grandparents, they should be executed (beheaded); those who falsely accused and abused were also executed (hanged).
Similarly, for the crime of the elderly, Daming's regulations are also very strict, that is, unless they are over eighty years old, they are basically not taken care of. For example, the Great Ming Law stipulates:
Whoever falsely accuses a person of a crime, who is more than seventy or fifteen years old, and who is in a state of defiance, is judged according to the law, and those who are routinely served as civilians outside the sentry of the army shall still be dispatched in accordance with the law. If there is a offender who is more than eighty years old and has committed a crime, he shall be sent by his descendants and shall be exempted from the army. That is, if someone does it for you, you can be exempt from punishment, but you are not yet eighty years old.
Whoever is more than seventy years old and who commits a transgression or less shall be redeemed. Those who are more than 80 years old, and who steal and hurt others, are also redeemed. Eighty-nine capital offenses, ninety incidents, not to mention, not to be redeemed. Ninety or more, although there is a capital offense, there is no additional punishment.
Those who commit capital crimes are very forgiven, and those who have grandparents and no supporters must be heard and judged.
The subsequent ruling counts the care of the elderly. If it is not a capital offense, then because there are elders in the family, it will be changed to "stop the staff for a hundred, and the remaining sins will be redeemed."