【Past Review】
One Lesson, One Question, One Grammar: New Concepts in English Vol. 1 Lessons 85-86
Here is the reference answer for Lesson 85-86:
【Answer】
1. She just came back from Cairo.
She has just come back / returned from Cairo.
2. I've done my homework.
I have already finished my homework.
3. Henry never went to Sweden.
Henry has never been to Sweden.
4. They have been to Antarctica.
They have ever been to Antarctica.
5. Jim is already on the train to Nanjing.
Jim has already gone to Nanjing by train.
【Contents of this issue】
Let's continue with the sharing of key sentence patterns or grammar in lessons 87-88 of this week's New Concept English 1. Let's start by reading the text of Lesson 87:
1. The original text of the text
Second, the key sentence pattern or grammar
This lesson continues to learn how to use it now when it is done.
(1) Composition
The basic way in which the verb is now completed is:
have / has done
where have or has is a helper verb and done is a past participle.
(2) Basic usage
The basic usage when done now is:
sb. have / has done sth.
as:
We have told her the news.
He has left Shanghai for Beijing.
Its negative expression is:
sb. have / has not done sth.
We have not (haven't) told her the news.
He has not (hasn't) left Shanghai for Beijing.
The interrogative sentence needs to refer the auxiliary verb has or has to the subject before it, such as:
Have you told her the news?
What have you told her?
Has he left Shanghai for Beijing?
Where has he left Shanghai for?
(3) The rules for the change of verb past participles
The general rule of past participles for verbs is to add ed after the verb, and the common rules of variation are:
1) Direct +ed, such as: worked, gained, played.
2) Verbs ending with unpronunciated e are directly followed by +d, such as arrived, liked.
3) Verbs ending with "consonant letter +y", change y to i, and then +ed, such as: cry - cried, study - studied.
4) To reproscribe the verb ending in a closed syllable, double-write the last consonant letter, and then +ed, such as: stopped, padded.
【Note】
In the above rules, the pronunciation of -ed follows the law of "clear turbidity", such as:
K in worked is a clear consonant, so ed is also pronounced as a clear consonant /t/.
The v in arrive is a voiced consonant, so ed is also pronounced as a voiced consonant/d/.
Ay in play is a vowel, so ed is pronounced as a voiced consonant/d/.
Note that after a verb ending in t or d, ed is pronounced as /ɪd/, such as:
wanted [ˈwɒntɪd]
raided [ˈreɪdɪd]
(4) Sign words
Compared with Lesson 83-86, which focuses on learning already, just, never, and ever, this lesson focuses on learning the usage of the sign word yet, such as:
He has not come back yet.
Have you finished your work yet?
（五）have been to与have gone to
have been to mean "gone and returned", while have gone to mean "gone and not returned". Also, note the use of have been in, which means "already there", meaning that after going to a certain place, you have been there for a while. as:
We have been to London five times this year.
They have gone to Beijing by air.
He has been in Tokyo for ten days.
3. One lesson and one question
Based on the important grammar points of this lesson, let's practice it and translate the following sentences into English when we finish it now.
1. Tom has finished reading the novel.
2. She has just passed the English test.
3. My dad has never been to Tokyo.
4. His uncle had been to Taiwan.
5. My friend Kelly flew to the UK.
6. He has not yet arrived at the airport.
7. Have you fixed my computer?