This week's event
Pay attention to the "Everyone's Little Book" and forward this tweet to the circle of friends, and send screenshots to the background. Xiaobian will select 5 lucky readers from it, give away a copy of the "Outline of the History of the Two Song Dynasties", and announce the list of winners on January 16 (Sunday).
Like the sudden peak of the rise among thousands of hills and valleys, like the sudden astonishing strangeness in the midst of the basil artemisia, after a long period of dullness, ingraination and triviality in the history of thought, followed by a short period of vigorous vitality and brilliance, in which various new doctrines were cultivated, dominating the ideological circles for hundreds of years and even beyond. The Forty or Fifty Years of the Song Dynasty since the Renzong Qing Calendar (1041) was such an era. This is the era of Zhou Lianxi (Dun Yi), Zhang Hengqu (Zai), Wang Jinggong (An Shi), Cheng Mingdao (颢), and Cheng Yichuan (Yi). (All of them are second in age, and Zhou, Zhang, and Wang are all two years old and more than ten years old.) Prior to this, the thinking of the Song people generally continued the dullness, influence and triviality of the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty; after that, until the end of the Song Dynasty, the "new learning" with Wang Jinggong as the idol, and the "Taoism" with Zhou Zhang Ercheng as the typical, successively dominated the ideological circles. The forty or fifty years after the Qing calendar were, on the one hand, the source of song dynasty thought, and on the other hand, the backbone of the song dynasty's ideological history. Our thinking in this period should be based on Zhou Zhang and the Ercheng brothers, who can be called the four sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, as a group, and Wang Jinggong as a distinct army.
"Outline of the History of the Two Song Dynasties" Zhang Yinlin
The four sons of the Northern Song Dynasty not only had many harmony points in their thinking, but also had close connections in life. The Ercheng brothers studied in Lianxi when they were young, and Hengqu was Ercheng's cousin and was a friend of Ercheng. We recount the thoughts of the four sons and later Taoists and cannot leave their lives, because their central question is a practical question: What is a saint? How to be a saint? We need to experience the weather of their ideal personality from their lives.
Zhou Dunyi (濂溪)
The deeds of Lian Xi (1018-1073) are recorded and as short as his writings. He was a native of Daozhou (Yingdao County), Hunan Province, who lost his father at a young age, was born in the shade of his maternal uncle, and was a magistrate in Guanzhou County, an official to Guangdong, and a prisoner of Guangdong Road. When he was in his twenties, when he was the chief bookkeeper of Fenning County, there was a long-hanging doubt, and he immediately distinguished after an interrogation. When Ren Nan'an Si Li joined the army, because of the rehabilitation of a wrongful imprisonment, he fought with Shangguan, and Shangguan did not listen, so he put down his manuscript, returned the official certificate, and left. He said, "Has such an official done anything?" Killing people, I can't do it. Shangguan Was impressed by him. When he was in Nanchang Zhixian County, he was seriously ill and unconscious day and night, and his friends prepared for him and examined all his possessions, only a tattered box with less than a hundred dollars. At the same time, the great poet Huang Gu described his character as follows: "The mind is sprinkled, like the light and the wind and the moon; the incorruptibility is in the name, and the sharpness is in the pursuit of ambition; thin in the blessing, and thicker than the people; filial piety in the body, and the Yan and the concubine; the ugly in the Xi world, and the friends are still friendly through the ages." "He loves nature, and he seems to have a kind of meditation on the world of life. The grass in front of his window was never allowed to be cut, and when he asked him why, he said, "It's the same as what he meant." He taught his students to "find a place to be happy" and to recognize what they "enjoyed." There was an old man who first asked YiChuan about learning, but he didn't understand it, so he went to visit Lianxi with his staff. Lian Xi said, "I'm old, so I can't help but go into detail. So he left him to talk to the bed at night. After three days, he suddenly realized that he had gained something, and he said to himself as if he had seen the vastness of the sky. When he went to Luoyang to see YiChuan again, Yichuan was surprised that he was unusual and asked, "Aren't you from Lianxi?"
Zhang Zai (No. Across the Canal)
Hengqu (1020-1077) is also like Lianxi, a teenager who lost his father and stood on his own. He learned everything and was particularly good at paying attention to the military. In the eighteenth year, when the Western Xia used troops, he wrote to Fan Zhongyun. When Zhongyun saw it, he thought it was a great instrument, but he reprimanded him: "Confucians have their own famous teachings, so why talk about soldiers." And persuaded him to read "Zhongyong", he read it and felt unsatisfied, turned to the Buddhist scriptures to discuss, worked hard for many years, deeply understood its theory, but felt unsatisfied, and finally returned to the Confucian classics. Chinese New Year's Eve viii, ascend to the throne, and begin to come out. Tasting Yunyan County, with the task of teaching the people and improving customs, summons the elders of the county to feast every month, personally persuades the people to drink, lets the people know the truth of respecting the elderly, and at the same time visits them about the sufferings of the people, and tells them how to admonish their children. Usually, the announcements of county officials are not heard by the majority of the people, and they are only written on paper. Hengqu often summoned the township chiefs from all over the place, explained the meaning of the notice to them, and ordered them to go back to the neighborhood to convey it. Whenever they encounter people in court or on the road, they examine whether they have heard the proclamation he is about to convey, and if they do not, punish those who have been ordained to do so. Therefore, every time he warned, the people of the whole county knew about it. As a military judge in Weizhou, he had very shrewd plans for the people's food and military and political affairs in his own state. In the early years of Emperor Shenzong's reign, on the recommendation of his ministers, he entered the imperial court and was appointed as a scholar of the Chongwen Academy and a member of the Tongzhi Taichang Rites. Emperor Shenzong admired him very much and wanted to use it more, but he did not attach the new law, and finally retired, returning to his hometown in Shaanxi Province, where he was teaching for the rest of his life.
Cheng Hao (号明道)
Although Ming Dao (1032-1085) and Ikawa (1033-1107) are considered like-minded brothers, they have several major differences in thinking, and their differences are more pronounced in career and personality than in thought. In his career, Ming Dao was a servant of the Shōgun Kodi (along with Yokoqu Tongbang Dengjinshi), while Ikawa stopped taking the exam once he fell in the first place, and began to recruit in cloth clothes in his later years (1086, when he was 54 years old) to speak for the Chongzheng Temple. The ming dynasty is an incomparable judgment and benevolent government that has been praised by the praises of thirty years. Here are just a few examples: when he knew Jincheng County, there was a rich man, and soon after he lost his father, suddenly an old man came to the door and thought he was his father, and the two of them made trouble in the county government. The old man said that after he left for medical practice, his wife gave birth to a child, was poor and infertile, and gave them to the Zhang family. He had returned now, and he knew about it. Ming Dao asked him what his credentials were, and he took out an old square book, and the blank on the back read: A certain year, month, and day, someone hugged his child and "Zhang Sanweng". Ming Dao then asked the person with the surname Zhang: How old are you this year? Answer: Thirty-six. He asked, "How old was your father when he died?" Answer: Seventy-six. Ming Dao then said to the old man: The age he just said has a neighbor to ask. When he was born, his father was only forty years old, so why was his name Zhang Sanweng? What is written in that side book is false. The old man was startled and had no words to answer, so he had to confess his guilt. During his tenure in Jincheng, he used the Baojia Law to restrain the countryside, so that the people of Tongbao could help each other in force and save each other from tribulation. Those who are widowed and crippled are instructed to keep their relatives and neighbors from losing their homes. People who travel through the county have supplies in the face of illness. Primary schools are set up in each township and are often inspected by hand. If the teacher has a bad one, he will replace it, and if the children's sentence is wrong, it will also be corrected. The villagers were ordered to form associations, and the rules for each association were set to reward good and admonish evil. During his three years in office, there were never any robbers or fights in the county. When he was about to expire his term of office, suddenly someone knocked on the door in the middle of the night and told him about the murder. He said, "Is there such a thing in this county?" If there is, it must have been done by someone in a certain village. Sure enough, I asked. When he was the judge of the Zhenning Army, there was a powerful eunuch, Fang Zhihe. Eight hundred soldiers of our army were sent to work, and the weather was so cold that they could not bear the abuse and fled in the middle of the night. Colleagues and chiefs feared the eunuch and advocated not being put into the city. Ming Dao said: They flee to their deaths and return, and they will not be chaotic. He personally went to open the gates of the city for the soldiers, but agreed with them to rest for three days before going to work, and the soldiers cheered and obeyed. The above are fragments of Ming Dao's countless wonderful political achievements.
Cheng Yi (No. 1Kawa)
The most wonderful scene of Ikawa's calendar is a very unpleasant tongue-and-talk career in just over a few years. When he jumped from the cloth to the "Imperial Master", he asked to sit in front of the emperor and preach the book, and the whole dynasty was in an uproar, so he had to stand and speak as usual. The child emperor was occasionally happy, and when he folded a willow branch outside the sill to play, he said with a straight face: "Everything that happens in Fang Chun must not be destroyed for no reason." This caused the emperor, the empress dowager, and the Manchu ministers to frown. Sima Guang died, just in time for the Ming Hall ceremony, after the ceremony, colleagues went to mourn. Yi Chuan thought it was wrong, insisted on fighting, and quoted the Analects as a reason: "If the son cries every day, he will not sing." Su Dong slope: The Analects do not say that "the son does not cry when he sings on the day"! However, Yi Chuan said that his family would be lost and not allowed to hang him. Su Dongpo, a famous joker, gave him a nickname, called Uncle Sun Tong in bad. After the child emperor fell ill and could not sit in the court, YiChuan rushed to see the prime minister and said: The emperor cannot sit in the court, and the empress dowager should not sit alone. The empress dowager couldn't bear it any longer, so the counselor took the opportunity to participate in a book, and he was sent back to his hometown in the name of Guan Gou Xijing Guozijian. From the comparison of the above two careers, it is not difficult to deduce a glimpse of their personality.
One of his students has a good description of Mingdao's spiritual life. He said, "Sir... Pure harmony is full of face and back, happy and easy to forgive, happy all day long... From thirty years to the gentleman, I have not seen his fierce appearance. Picking up people warmly, all the sages and unworthy people make them kill themselves. Hearing of the goodness of others, the rewards and labors are afraid of not being tified; if people are not enough, they will not be able to enlighten and induce them. Therefore, although he was arrogant and disrespectful, he was not pleased to see him and became obedient. The style is high-minded, does not do things to decorate, but has its own qi, looks at its appearance, listens to its words, then rest assured of evil spirit, no longer cute in the chest. Another student once left Ming Dao, and when he was asked where he came from, he said, "I sat in the spring breeze for three months. "Before Xining, Ming Dao and Wang Jinggong were friendly, but although they were separated from Jinggong because of the new law, they only calmed down and discussed with each other, and advised Jinggong not to be too rebellious, and there was never a dispute of will. Jing Gong also felt his sincerity and said to the people, "Although he does not hear the Tao, he is also loyal to people." Later, he was very fair in his discussion of the dispute between the old and the new, saying: "The reform of the New Deal is also too much for our party to fight." To accomplish today's work and to destroy the world, it is also necessary to divide its sins in two parts. He also said, "From the point of view of today's troubles, it is as if one's own family is not good at calming down, so why not let it go?" On the broad and wide peace, Ikawa is far from being a brother, as can be seen from the several comparative trivia stored in the record. When Ercheng was young, he tried to travel with his father and stayed at a monk's temple. The Mingdao entrance turned right, and the servants all followed him; Ikawa turned left at the entrance, and no one followed. Yi Chuan also realized, "This is where I am not as good as my brother." "Again, the two journeys entered a Buddhist temple together, and Ming Dao saw the monk Yi Yi, but Yi Chuan did not. The doorman was suspicious, and Ming Dao said, "In terms of age, he is also a few years older than me, why bother?" Ming Dao's lectures, occasionally with humor, attracted everyone to coax the church, and Yi Chuan was always serious and terrible. The doorman discussed, and when there was a disagreement, Ming Dao only said: "More discussion." Ikawa said, "No. Ming Dao also said to Nai Di, "The other day can make people dignified and teach the Tao, that is my brother's work." As for learning after receiving the introduction, and achieving it with the high and low level of talent, I will not let my brother. Hengqu criticized Ercheng: "In the past, Bo Chun (Ming Dao) was superior to Uncle Zheng (Yi Chuan), but now I see it." His (Ming Dao)'s desire to save the world is very sincere, and he is well remembered in the affairs of the world today. ”
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