lactose
Isomerized lactose and its properties
In modern society, people's life and work pressure is too large, resulting in intestinal microbiota metabolism disorders, which in turn leads to an increasing number of intestinal diseases. Isomerized lactose can proliferate beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, improve the intestinal environment and improve intestinal health, and is an excellent prebiotic suitable for regulating the health of the intestinal flora.
The world will get 4 million tons of lactose every year due to the production of cheese, but only 25% of it can be further utilized, the remaining more than 3 million tons of lactose will be wasted and cause environmental pollution problems, and about 70% of the world's people have lactose intolerance, eating lactose will cause serious gastrointestinal problems, but the emergence of isomerized lactose successfully solved this problem.
According to the provisions of "GB 1886.176-2016 National Standard for Food Safety Food Additives Isomerized Lactose Liquid", isomerized lactose is a food additive isomerized lactose liquid prepared by alkali or alkali isomerization under heating conditions, or a solid product made by drying.
Wherein, the solid isomerized lactose is a white or nearly white crystalline powder, while the isomerized lactose liquid is a colorless to dark yellow transparent liquid. In China, both meet the gb 1886.176-2016 national standard for food safety food additives isomerized lactose liquid standard requirements, the specific scope of application and the amount of addition to meet GB 2760-2014 food safety national standards food additive use standards:
The effect of lactose on the digestive system
The human body's digestive system is a complex organ that plays a key role in maintaining the body's health and maintaining the body's good functioning. How does ingested isomerized lactose work in the human body and how do it bring related benefits to the human body?
First of all, it is necessary to understand the relevant properties of isomerized lactose:
Isomerized lactose is a new type of disaccharide, oligosaccharide with prebiotic effect, isomerized lactose β - (1-4) glycoside bond is not easy to be digested by the human body digestive enzymes and gastric acid hydrolysis, so it can reach the intestine. Isomerized lactose is selected and utilized by the intestinal flora in the intestine, with the result that probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotics proliferate in large numbers.
Isomerized lactose sweetness is half of sucrose, and has low viscosity, low calories, soluble in water, stable performance (heat resistance, acid resistance) and other characteristics, which as a good sugar source for the growth of bifidobacteria, in the small intestine is not decomposed and absorbed, until it reaches the cecum, it is used by the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium, through the transverse colon, and finally stop using when it reaches the descending colon.
Lactose health
02 Isomerized lactose Health Benefits
2.1 Regulate the intestinal flora
Isomerized lactose is beneficial to promote the growth of probiotics and inhibit the proliferation of spoilage bacteria. According to Tsunesuke T. et al. [1] studies, if the human body consumes 0.65g of isomerized lactose per day, it is beneficial to promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria in the intestine, soften stools and improve the intestinal flora. Short-chain organic acids produced during this process can reduce the pH of stool, increase intestinal osmolality, promote colon peristalsis, and thus improve constipation.
2.2 Reduce the production and absorption of inorganic ammonia in the intestine
Isomerized lactose limits the production and absorption of inorganic ammonia in the colon. Intestinal acidification converts NH3 into non-absorbable NH4+, effectively reducing the concentration of ammonia in blood vessels [2]. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by liver dysfunction. Symptoms of the disease are confusion, stress, changes in behavior or consciousness, and fluctuations in nerve signals. The accumulation of toxins such as enteral thiols, ammonia, and phenyl diol is a cause of hepatic encephalopathy [3].
2.3 Promote the absorption of calcium and magnesium in the human body
Isomerized lactose promotes the absorption of calcium and magnesium. It has been found that ingestion of 5 g/day and 10 g/day of isomerized lactose promotes calcium absorption in menopausal women[4]; isomerized lactose enhances the absorption of calcium and magnesium in adult males, and that the absorption rate of calcium and magnesium increases with the intake of isomerized lactose [5].
2.4 Enhance the body's immune effect
Isomerized lactose by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and absorption of minerals, play an indirect role in stimulating immunity; at the same time, the acidic environment produced after the decomposition of isomerized lactose can inhibit the production of harmful bacteria, thereby reducing the production of harmful substances and toxins, reducing the level of toxins in the body, the acidic environment makes the ammonia in the intestine become ammonium ions excreted with feces, blocking the liver and intestine circulation of ammonia, thereby reducing blood ammonia, reducing the detoxification burden of the liver, and enhancing the body's anti-infection immunity. It has also been reported that very small portions of isomerized lactose can be absorbed to produce a direct immune response, not just indirectly through Bifidobacteria [7].
2.5 Regulates intestinal transit
Isomerized lactose regulates transit times, speeding up too slow transport and slowing down too fast transport, keeping intestinal transit in a comfortable range. In 2010, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that consuming at least 10 g of isomerized lactose at a single food serving establishes a causal relationship between "consuming isomerized lactose" and "reducing intestinal transit time" [6].
03Application of the global market
Isomerized lactose has been used in the food industry for more than 50 years, and in 1991 the Japanese government legislated for special health foods, and isomerized lactose as a functional ingredient was allowed to be added to health foods. In 2010, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that consuming at least 10 g of isomerized lactose at a single food consumption established a causal relationship between "consuming isomerized lactose" and "reducing intestinal uptime". Isomerized lactose solution is a proliferative factor of Bifidobacterium, which has the function of helping to digest and absorb protein, lactose and produce vitamin B group, etc., and is approved for use in China and can be added to milk powder, biscuits, infant formula foods, beverages and so on [8].
Isomerized lactose has been China, Japan, Germany, the United States and other domestic and foreign dairy and health care products enterprises as a proliferative factor of bifidobacteria, used in the development of yogurt, infant formula, lactic acid bacteria beverages and other series of products, with the enhancement of people's health awareness, more and more attention to the maintenance and maintenance of intestinal health, isomerized lactose This prebiotic guardian ushered in a new wave of health applications.
In 1960, Japan's Morinaga Dairy was the first in the world to develop infant formula with isomerized lactose. In 1995, R. Nagendra et al. studied the stability of infant formula containing isomerized lactose. The results showed that there was no change in humidity and solubility between milk powder containing isomerized lactose and milk powder without isomerized lactose at any temperature.
On December 5, 2017, the State Food and Drug Administration published the list of the 27th batch of infant formula milk powder registration on its official website, including 40 10 enterprises such as Hebei Sanyuan. Among them, Hebei Sanyuan's Enbeiyi Infant Formula and Aixinbao Infant Formula were approved at the same time, continuing to inherit the ingenuity of the Sanyuan brand for more than 60 years, insisting on ensuring the quality and safety of infant milk powder with good quality, and escorting the healthy growth of Chinese babies with good quality.
bibliography
1. Tsunesuke T., Yasuo N., Takashi K. Effect of yogurt and yogurt supplemented with bifidobacterium and/or lactulose in healthy persons : a comparative study[J]. Bifidobacteria microflora, 1991, 10(2): 123-130.
2. Crittenden R G, Playne M J. Production, properties and applications of food-grade oligosaccharides[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 1996, 7(11): 353-361.
3. Gwendolyn Jankowski. Lactulose[J]. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 2009, 18(2), 156 –159.
4. Van den Heuvel E. G. H. M, Muijs T, et al. Lactulose stimulates calcium absorption in postmenopausal women[J]. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1999, 14(7): 1211-1216.
5. Seki N, Hamano H, Iiyama Y, et al. Effect of lactulose on calcium and magnesium absorption: a study using stable isotopes in adult men[J]. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 2007, 53(1): 5-12.
6. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to lactulose and decreasing potentially pathogenic gastro-intestinal microorganisms (ID 806) and reduction in intestinal transit time (ID 807) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, EFSA Journal 2010, 8(10): 1806.
7. Haiying Zheng, Jinjie Liu, The Function of Isomerized Lactose and Its Application in the Dairy Industry
8. Fengxian Wang, Boya Liu, Physiological function and application of isomerized lactose in the food industry
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