The garment is called a guest, and the neck is sent to Wang Sun
On the surface, China's history is about emperors and generals, but as far as I am concerned, it is actually a history of small people defeating big people, and Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang can be regarded as representative figures. After they became big people from small people, they were defeated by the next small people.
Of course, they are successful little people, and there is a kind of small person who helps their masters, with a passion, so that the masters can make a name for themselves. And he himself is admired by the world for his deeds, and they have erected immortal monuments for us in history.
Zhao Yi, a Qing dynasty man, said: "Since the warring states of Yu Rang, Nie Zheng, Jing Ke, and Hou Wei are disciples, they are still in good spirits, they are bent on going their own way, they can be dared not to do anything, and the world admires them." ”
The first few who gave Zhao Yi's example were all assassins, but this Hou Ying was a different kind, and it was said that they were a bit different when put together, but they were all ultimately soldiers who repaid the Lord with death, and they belonged to the same category in terms of heroism. But to investigate in detail, the first few won with courage, while Hou Ying was dead and righteous, and the most included was a wisdom.
We all know that there is a story called "Stealing Charms to Save Zhao", but we should only remember Xin Lingjun and Ru Ji, and the real protagonist of this story is not too impressed, he is Hou Ying, a hermit, a most cattle security guard in Chinese history, the most cattle janitor.
"The small is hidden in the wild, the middle is hidden in the city, and the big is hidden in the north." But it is really difficult to define which level this Hou Ying belongs to, he was a gatekeeper of the east gate of Daliang City, the capital of the State of Wei, during the Warring States period. This girder was one of the largest cities in China at that time, and it was still relatively imposing in the northwest of present-day Kaifeng City, Henan Province.
But in this life, he did not know whether he wanted to "hide" or mix unsatisfactory, nor did he know the trajectory of his life in this life, anyway, when the story happened, he was already seventy years old.
Under the premise that the average life expectancy in ancient times was very short, he was already a person with a high life expectancy at this age, and at such an age, he was still working as a security guard and guarding the gate, which was really not a good mixture. Because the history books do not record any of his families, relatives and friends, it seems that he is a dashing person who has enough to eat and the whole family is not hungry. I don't know how he hyped himself, how he became an Internet celebrity in the world. The reputation was so great that it was known to Xin Lingjun, one of the four princes of the Warring States.
At that time, the style of raising soldiers was prevalent, the most famous of which was of course Zhao Sheng, the Plain King of the Zhao Kingdom, the Chunshen Jun Huang Xie of the State of Chu, the Meng Tian Wen of the State of Qi, and the Xinling Jun of the State of Wei.
Here is a small question, the Warring States Seven Heroes, why are only these four princely states with the famous four princes, while the other three kingdoms, especially the tiger and wolf Qin kingdom, do not have it? In fact, the reason is also very simple, this itself is a draft against the Qin State, the Qin State is naturally excluded; and the weak Korea that everyone can bully, few people can see the eye, naturally also leaned on the side; as for the Yan State, as a super ancient princely state, it is twilight, lack of vitality inside and outside, few young talents, and far away from tiger Qin, so the style of raising soldiers is not strong, participating in the competition, the opportunity to appear on the stage is also small, of course, it was also eliminated by the judges.
This Xin Lingjun was a prince with three thousand disciples, and when he knew that Hou Ying was a sage, a hermit living in the city, he visited him many times and invited him out of the mountain. I wanted to give him a generous gift. Hou Wei refused to accept it, saying: "I have attached importance to ethics and conduct for decades, and after all, I should not accept the money of my son because I am poor as a gatekeeper." But he eventually accepted the invitation and became his protégé.
Therefore, Xin Lingjun set up a feast, personally commanded the imperial carriage, welcomed him as a guest, and treated him with the most respectful etiquette, and he not only became the guest of honor of Xin Lingjun, but also gained full trust. Therefore, he introduced a butcher friend named Zhu Hai to Xin Lingjun.
At that time, Qin attacked Zhao, and Handan was in danger. Zhao asked for help from Wei, and the King of Wei ordered the general Jin To lead 100,000 troops to save Zhao, but because he was afraid of Qin, he stopped the troops and did not dare to attack, so Hou Ying carefully planned a strategy for Wei Gongzi to steal the charm to save Zhao.
The general process was like this, because the Wei soldiers were stagnant, and in order for the general Jin To enter the army, it was necessary to have the other half of the Tiger Charm held by the King of Wei and the one held by Jin. Hou Ying asked Xin Lingjun to find Ru Ji, the favored of the King of Wei, and steal the Tiger Charm so that he could rescue the Zhao state in the north and the Qin army in the west. Xin Lingjun obeyed his plan and asked Ru ji for help. Ru Ji did indeed steal the soldier charm of Jin contempt and gave it to the prince.
Next, Hou Ying, fearing that Jin's contempt would disobey his orders and ask for instructions to delay time, asked Zhu Hai to accompany Xin Lingjun, saying that if Jin did not obey orders, he would let Zhu Hai kill him. And he said, "I should have followed you, but I can't go because I'm old." I will calculate the date of gongzi's journey, and on the day you arrive at the Jin's camp, I will face north and commit suicide to send gongzi off. So the prince set off.
Sure enough, Xin Lingjun arrived at Jin's camp and showed the Tiger Charm, and Jin's refusal to hand over his army. Zhu Hai then killed Jin. Xin Lingjun commanded a large army to rush to the Zhao State, and finally repelled the Qin army and saved the Zhao State. This is the famous "stealing charm to save Zhao" in history.
But on the very day that Xin Lingjun arrived at the Jin camp, Hou Wei did indeed fulfill his promise and committed suicide facing the north.
When I read the "Chronicle of History" before, I didn't think much about why Hou Ying had to kill himself when he was in sight, and it seemed that he didn't pay much attention to this matter, only to the result. Now that I think about it, there are really many famous people in it.
First of all, this Xin Lingjun was a benevolent gentleman, on the one hand, he preferred to die to save Zhao, but on the other hand, he could not bear to kill Jin, and when he heard Hou Ying say, "Jin despises and listens, great good; if he does not listen, he can make him strike", he actually "wept as a prince". In this regard, he was worried that Xin lingjun's soft heart would lead to a failure, so he used "northward self-killing" to motivate Xinlingjun.
In fact, this has another meaning, that is, to motivate Zhu Hai, he must die and despise. If Zhu Hai hesitated, he would also abandon his previous achievements. The Ming Dynasty Man Li Zhen saw this most sincerely, and he said in the "Collection of Books and Straight Sections of Famous Ministers": "Tian Guang provoked Jing Ke with death and dagger hair, and Hou Sheng provoked Zhu Hai with death and despised him." Who? Jing Ke and the prince did not know each other, and Zhu Hai had no deep friendship with the prince. Therefore, the marquis was born and died and Zhu Hai decided. This phrase hits the nail on the head.
However, if you taste it carefully, you may also have the meaning of self-shame, self-blame, and self-blame. Killing the veteran general Jin contempt and damaging Wei Dongliang is to be ashamed of oneself; to sacrifice the scheme of stealing the charm and to deceive the king and break the law is to blame oneself; to believe that lingjun is unjust and to destroy the name of the first generation is to blame oneself. With these three self-sufficiency, Hou Ying could only die and tie his own way.
The most important thing is still a "righteousness", that is, zhi en tu bao, whether it is Jing Ke or Zhu Zhu, they all know that this master is so good to them, there is a purpose, but they are still grateful for such sincerity, and this Hou Win is the same. He was by no means an ordinary janitor, but an outsider with a strategy who had never found the opportunity to show his ambitions. When he discovered that Xin Lingjun was indeed a benevolent corporal and a politician with no lack of righteous courage, he felt that his long-cherished wish of taoguang and obscurity and decades of deep conviction could finally be realized.
When he felt that his ideal was about to be realized, his heart was also full of mixed tastes, and when he saw the distant back of Xin Lingjun, he was relieved, he knew that he was far away, and he had no intention of being born, he lived, not for money, not for status, for the realization of self-worth. Now that it had been realized, he had no reason to live.
Mao Kun of the Ming Dynasty once said: "Xin Lingjun is a proud man in the chest of Taishi Gong, so this biography is also Taishi Gong's proud text." In fact, not only was Xin Lingjun a proud man in Taishi Gong's chest, but So was Hou Ying.
"Whoever lives since ancient times has not died, and who has left Dan in his heart." He committed suicide by neck for righteousness, walking so cleanly and so calmly. In Hou Ying's body, Sima Qian's moral concept of "a soldier dies for a confidant", and the words are filled with the author's infinite affection.