What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
In Chinese history, the Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty became the closest dynasty to us. The demise of the Qing court could not be changed, and it conformed to the trend of historical development. Why did the Qing Dynasty perish? Some people attribute the demise of the Qing Dynasty to fatalism, because the three emperors of the Qing Dynasty, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong, have no heirs, so many people feel that the Qing Dynasty has run out of gas. Of course, this is the idea of feudal superstition, but in many details, it can be seen that the Qing Dynasty will always end up dying.
In that turbulent era, there were many literati who rushed to change the fate of the country. They used bloody words to try to awaken the sleeping people. Mr. Lu Xun was one of them, and Lu Xun spent his whole life thinking about the future and destiny of the country, turning the pen in his hand into a sword and stabbing it into the chest of the enemy. For Lu Xun, the biggest enemy was actually feudal superstitious thought, which mutilated the vast number of Chinese. For the suffering Chinese, this feudalism must first be defeated ideologically in order for democracy and peace. Lu Xun saw the Qing Dynasty very thoroughly, and he described the demeanor and actions of the Qing Dynasty in many works. For example, the old gentlemen who depict the Jiangnan Water Teachers' Academy are very vivid, they are wearing official uniforms, swaying when they walk, and they don't seem to pay attention to others at all, like crabs that are rampant and domineering. In Mr. Lu Xun's eyes, looking at the way these Qing Dynasty people walked, they had already guessed the end of the Qing Dynasty.
Therefore, when Lu Xun described these Manchu Qing officials, he had a strong irony, and these pretentious Qing Dynasty people were annoying. In fact, in the late qing dynasty, the government and the opposition were already very corrupt, and such a corrupt system was doomed to the demise of the Qing dynasty. Secondly, in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, there were many public students, Lu Xun saw a lot of Manchu qing children with pigtails during his studies in Japan, their minds were very closed, and they seemed to need to dress up every day, and their hair was coiled up, which seemed to be very "Peugeot". Whether a dynasty is closed or not depends on the dress of its members of society. At that time, the idea of democracy in China had spread somewhat, but as a young generation, they did not seem to have the shadow of democracy and freedom.
In the late Qing Dynasty, although several well-known ministers tried to save the situation, they also made many attempts, but they had no effect. The employment system of the late Qing Dynasty indicated that this dynasty would not exist for too long, many talents could not be reused, and the imperial court was very corrupt. During Cixi's reign, although the decision-making power over major state affairs was in her hands, she did not care at all about the suffering of the people. In the late Qing Dynasty, a large amount of land was ceded to the great powers, and Cixi also claimed that China was rich in land and did not care about these. Secondly, a large amount of war reparations has increased the burden of life of the people, and many people have been displaced in the war. As the de facto ruler of the Qing Empire, Cixi only cared about his own pleasures, did not think about the many people, and naturally did not want to be popular.
Although many patriots have also made some attempts, they have not helped. The ruling clique of the Qing Dynasty, including Cixi, has always been immersed in the dream of a great power, and such a arrogant attitude is not beneficial to political affairs. The artillery fire of the great powers shattered the dream of this great power, and looking at the great Qing Dynasty as the rivers and rivers descended, Cixi and the ministers remembered the restoration. However, at this time, the Qing Dynasty was like an old ship that had experienced wind and rain, and no small repairs could change the fate of this old ship. During the Western Affairs Movement, the Manchu Qing ministers introduced foreign technology and promoted the development of light industry in their own countries, but many people were still poisoned by feudal ideas, and this Foreign Affairs Movement did not change the situation of the Qing Dynasty in the end.
The formation of the Beiyang Marine Division was a resistance of the feudal Qing Dynasty to the great powers, but the Beiyang Naval Division was eventually defeated in the battle with Japan. The equipment of the Beiyang Marine Division was not bad, but such equipment was only an empty shelf and could not withstand the artillery fire of the Japanese army. When Li Hongzhang first formed this water division, the most direct purpose was to fight against the Western powers, but the Qing government under the mountains and rivers was no longer able to bear the high cost of water army construction. In order to celebrate her birthday, Empress Dowager Cixi insisted on embezzling the military expenses of the Beiyang Marine Division, despite the opposition of the people. As a result, the navy had no supplies, could not fight at all, many battleships were just a decoration, most of the battleships were equipped with only one or two shells, so they were quickly destroyed in battle.
The defeat of the Beiyang Marine Division completely sobered up the people of the country, but at this point, many ministers who served the country and the people were unable to return to heaven. The fall of the Qing Dynasty has historical reasons, and in many details it is revealed that this dynasty will not exist for a long time, and Lu Xun's image of the Qing Dynasty is only one aspect. In the late Qing Dynasty, most of the people were still bound by feudal ideas, the change of dynasties lies in the awakening of the whole people, only when most people have republican and democratic ideas, can they realize the transformation from feudalism to republicanism, Lu Xun is a Chinese with thought and conscience, he fought all his life for the transformation of national thought.