In the Song Dynasty, drinking music was one of the most popular tastes of life, whether it was emperors, literati doctors, or ordinary people, most of them were good at drinking and drinking. Song Taizong admitted that he "drank bitterly when there was nothing to do", Song Zhenzong "drank a lot, and there was no one who was close to him", Yan Shu "was a happy guest, and he did not taste a day without feasting and drinking", and Lu You called Shaoxing "a thousand wines in the city".
According to the "Song Hui Zhi Manuscript", in the ninth year of Song Shenzong Xining, the entire Kyoto restaurant used 300,000 stones of glutinous rice a year. If calculated according to the Han Dynasty's standards of "rice one bucket to get one bucket of wine" and "ten buckets for one stone", this year, Kaifeng Province alone brewed at least three million buckets of wine.
Under the trend of drinking, exquisite wine utensils are naturally indispensable. Plum bottles, zhuzi, warm bowls, and table cups constitute the basic combination of Song Dynasty wine vessels - plum bottles are used to store wine, pour into the notes during feasting, and then pour into the table cup after being warmed by the warm bowl.
Northern Song Dynasty Zhao Tuo (biography) "Wenhui Tu" (partial) Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
It is not difficult to find that one of the links is quite different from today's drinking habits, that is, warm wine. This is first of all due to the fact that the wine drunk by the Song people is mostly a low-grade fermented wine such as rice wine, which can be burned on the fire and has no safety hazards. The main reason is that the Song people believe that drinking hot wine is better than cold wine, and it has been mentioned in "Dream of the Red Chamber" that "eating cold wine, writing hands fluttering".
As a result, the wine warmer became an indispensable presence on the table at that time. Because the note and the warm bowl are often used in combination, it is commonly known as "a pair of notes". On the table of "Han Xizai's Night Feast Map" and "Wenhui Map", his figure can be seen.
However, in terms of specific use methods, "a pair of notes" is quite controversial. One theory is for warm wine, when drinking, the note is placed in a warm bowl, pour hot water to warm the wine, in order to maintain the heat, the water in the warm bowl should be replaced at any time, "Tokyo Dream Hualu", "Dream Sorghum Record" have a record of constantly "changing soup" during the banquet.
Five Dynasties Gu Hongzhong's "Han Xizai's Night Feast" (partial) Collection of the Palace Museum
Another way of saying it is anti-scalding. When drinking, first put the note on the stove, but the heated wine will be very hot, to wait for the temperature to drop before entering, so you need a bowl to place the piping hot note, so some scholars believe that the role of the warm bowl is mainly heat insulation, in order to facilitate people to pick up or move. In the mural painting of the Tomb of Xuanhua Liao in Hebei Province, there is a scene of holding a warm bowl with both hands.
Hebei Xuanhua Liao tomb mural
Regarding the wine warmer, in fact, there have been relevant records as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In the Han Dynasty, there was a warm wine bottle, accompanied by a dipper, which was convenient for taking wine. In the Tang Dynasty, a large number of exquisite and gorgeous gold and silver wine warmers appeared, and the note was newly produced in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.
To the Song Dynasty, the development of China's porcelain industry reached its peak, porcelain notes and warm bowls became the most common kind of wine warmer at that time, archaeological excavations often have Song Dynasty notes and warm bowls with the same out, warm bowls are mostly wide mouth, bowl walls are straight and deep, the size depends on the injection, many are lotus-shaped.
Northern Song Dynasty Jingdezhen kiln shadow blue glaze lotus petal pattern note bowl Anhui Museum collection
Northern Song Dynasty Jingdezhen kiln shadow blue glaze lotus petal pattern note bowl (partial) Anhui Museum collection
For example, this "zhuzi pair" unearthed from Anhui Susong, the zhuzi shoulder is decorated with a weekly lotus petal pattern, the top of the cover crouched a lion with its tail cocked; the warm bowl is a lotus flower that opens on its back, a total of seven petals, the bowl is covered with high circle feet, and the outside of the circle foot is decorated with lotus petals, which is very decorative. There are five nail marks on the inner bottom of the warm bowl, which coincide with the burn marks at the bottom of the note, indicating that the note and the warm bowl are fired in sets.
Northern Song Dynasty Ru kiln celadon lotus-style warm bowl Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
Northern Song Dynasty Ruyao Celadon Lotus-style Warm Bowl (Partial) Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
The world-famous Ruyao kiln lotus-style warm bowl is also the warm bowl part of the "Zhuzi Pair", the shape is ten curved lotus-shaped, the straight mouth is slightly closed, the circle foot is slightly higher, and the inner sole also leaves five sesame dot-like burn marks, which should have been placed in the bowl one day, so that posterity can think infinitely and ponder the fun.
By the Yuan Dynasty, the habit of combining zhuzi and warm bowls as a pair of common uses gradually became less popular, and the wine in the vessel was cold and could be placed on a more convenient stove fire to heat at any time.
The Song Dynasty is gone, but the elegance lives on. Adhering to the concept of "dialogue with the ancients and walking with culture", Guanfu Museum has joined hands with Mr. Zhang Tianqing, who is well versed in Ru porcelain techniques and inherits ancient creations, to make the "Guanfu Ru Kiln Series", in which the lotus-style warm bowl is also located
This Ruyao azure glazed lotus-style warm bowl follows the ancient method, shaped like a blooming lotus flower, overlooking the ten curved petals, the mouth is slightly extravagant, and the foot is skimmed. The agate is glazed and wrapped in glazed nails. The glaze color is moist and clear, the cyan color is quiet, and the tire thin is pale pink.
The body is covered with small opening pieces, called "cicada wing patterns", and occasionally a little oblique opening pieces, called "ice cracks", when the kiln is opened, it will emit a clanging sound, interweaving to form an ethereal and crisp sound like the sound of nature.
Guanfu Ru kiln azure glazed lotus type warm bowl ¥16800 purchase