preface
Several poetic diseases have been mentioned before, and the least noticed one found is juyu disease.
Because this is a small problem in the rhythm of sound, modern people sometimes neglect to write poetry. In addition, there is a difference in sound rhythm, and friends who do not like to write rhythmic poems will not notice this. And many words have different rhymes, and it is difficult for us to notice this.
Recently, I have looked at the poetry works of the ancients and found that many people pay great attention to this poetic disease. Therefore, some ancient poems have been specially selected to share with you.
First, what is divis disease
The "Treatise on the Secret House of Wenjing" quotes the Tang Dynasty man Cui Rong's "Tang Dynasty New Fixed Poetry Grid" and Yuan Jing's "Poetry Brain Marrow" to mention:
In the case of a sick person, within one sentence, except for the first word and the fifth word, three of which are connected by two words, and the same goes up and enters.
This disease of poetry is also called the disease of "irregularity". That is, words that use homophony consecutively. Homophony here refers to: the combination of going up (such as BMW), going (leading the team), and entering (moonfall), not to be confused with the double-voiced words (such as lingering, homophonic mother).
In the Treatise on the Secret House of the Mirror, it is also explained:
Those who do not adjust are said to divide the first word and the fifth word within the five words, and use the upper, go, and enter the sound phase of the three words. Flat voice is not the limit. This is a huge disease, and many talents in ancient and modern times do not know. Such as: [The morning wind frightens the trees, and the dawn moon falls on the dangerous peak.] 〕 [Month] times [fall], the same into the sound. Such as [fog born extreme wild blue, the sun under the distant mountains red.] 〕[下] 次 [遠], ibid. For example: [Fix the temptation to close the doorman, and finally grieve the upper wing.] 〕[Cold] times [above], the same sound.
The four voices are divided into equal tones, and the voices are divided into three voices, and the disease only appears in the use of the word "voice".
If homophones are used continuously, it is a disease of decay. For example: the dawn moon falls on the peak, the moon is into the sound, and the fall is also the sound word, that is, the disease of discord.
Another example: the sun is far from the mountain red, the lower is the upper sound word (up and down, today is generally pronounced as to go to the sound, the ancient rhyme is the upper sound), far is also the upper sound word, so it is also a discord disease.
2. Du Zhenyan's two poems
The reason why I wrote this article is because I saw Du Zhenyan's poem "And Jinling Lu Cheng's Early Spring Tour":
Unique eunuch tourists, partial shock phenology new.
Yunxia out of [Sea Akebode], Mei Liu crossed the river in spring.
Lady's breath promotes yellow birds, and the clear light turns to green apples.
Overhearing the ancient tune of the song, return to [thought] dipped in towels.
When I saw this poem, I noticed that Yunxia came out of [Hai shu], hai shu, and whether the two upper voice words were guilty of discord, it seems that Du Fu's grandfather was not very particular about it.
As a result, the word 曙 is in "Tang Yun" and "Ji Yun": often forgive cut, is to go to the sound. In the "Flat Sound Rhyme", it also belongs to the Six Royal Rhymes Department of the Sound. It turns out that the sea ake is a collocation of going up.
Although the two words are not in the middle, it is also noted to avoid homophony.
As for the desire, this is more familiar, it is a collocation to go in, of course, it is not a disagreement.
Idle, I looked at Du Zhenyan's other works, such as "Penglai Three Temples Serving feasts and serving the Yong Yong Zhongnan Mountain":
【Big Dipper】Hanging on the edge of the city, in front of the South Mountain Leaning Hall.
The cloud mark is golden, and the tree is hanging in the jade hall.
Half-ridge through the good atmosphere, the middle peak [around the Rui] smoke.
The young minister holds the dedication of life, and the long dai Yao Tian.
Zhongfeng around Rui smoke, around Rui, it seems to be a discord disease, but around this word has two pronunciations, winding around is also on the sound. It can be seen that Du Zhenyan pays great attention to the problem of vocal rhythm.
Beidou, not in the middle, also by the way, north is a very common sound word. So it's a good fit.
Is the fixed word a disease?
Continue to look at Du Zhenyan's Five Laws, "The Two Ceremonial Halls of The Fenghe Tanabata Feast"
A year of no resentment, Tanabata begins to return.
Tears opened the stars, micro [step] cloud clothes.
The sky is about to fall, and the river magpie stops flying.
That can be the end of the night, back and forth to the wreckage.
Microstep cloud coat. I walked, checked it, and sure enough, moving [Tang Yun] [Zheng Yun] in vain, [Ji Yun] [Qihui] Du Kongche, is also a sound character. Stepping is the collocation of going up.
But the second sentence is problematic: Tanabata begins to return.
Tanabata is also a very common sound word, so it seems that the word Tanabata is two sounds connected, but not in the middle. But in Li Shangyin's poem, Qixi is in the middle. Wing Yun:
The third day of the moon is more broken, and the hidden star [Tanabata] is bright.
Only to smell the drifting road, swirling to see the city across the city.
The twilight of the pond rises with the dragon, and the river suppresses the sound of geese in autumn.
Only Song Yu should be known as the name of the Chu God.
Tanabata is a fixed collocation, and these two are words composed of intoaccuracies that cannot be avoided. My understanding is that none of them can be counted as poetic diseases. If counted, it cannot be avoided, and there is no need to avoid it.
The same fixed collocations, such as these consecutive words: peony, alfalfa, double into the sound; coleus, double go to the sound; Han, double on the sound (can't think of it?). ）。 These are all words that cannot be taken apart and used, and the appearance of homophony cannot be regarded as a discord.
In addition, the pressed geese in Li Shangyin's poem are going in. Song Yu, is to go in.
Fourth, the voice is divided, and the voice is flat to distinguish between yin and yang
Now that we fill in the words, we will find that there is only a distinction between the two in the word spectrum. In fact, the ancients are still very particular, the flat sound should also be divided into yin and yang, and the voice should pay more attention to the collocation of the three voices, in fact, it is also to avoid the disease of discord.
In Mr. Long Yusheng's "Ten Lectures on Lexicology", he quoted a passage from the Ming Dynasty Wang Jide's "Fang Zhuguan Qulu" (方祝館曲律):
The four voices, flat, up, going, and in. Peace is called peace, and going up, going, and entering is always called being a servant. There are those who are suitable for peace, and there are yin and yang in peace; there are those who are suitable for servants, and those who are suitable for servants have up, going, and entering. Obedient to the law, it is known as a bad voice. Qu Lu Vol. 2 "On Ping Shu"
1. Distinguish yin and yang in a flat voice
Yin Ping Yang Ping, similar to today's one and two sounds, such as heaven and field. Mr. Zhu Yongzhai gave an example in the "Words and Sayings of the Fen Chun Guan":
Five-character sentences are roughly like five-word poems, even if there are awkward sentences, you can replace the flat one. To the Wuping sentence, such as the opening sentence of "Shoulou Chun", "Cut the Spring Shirt and Seek The Fang" (Shi Dazu), it should be adjusted between yin and yang. "Words and Phrases of fenchunkan"
The appendix to Stazu's Shoulou Chun is as follows:
【Cut spring shirt to find fang】. Remember the golden knife hand, the same in the clear window. Several degrees due to the wind remnants, illuminating the flowers and slanting the sun. Who reads me, and now there is no clothes? Since adolescence, consuming the loose. But listen to the rain to pick up the lights, sleep sick wine, and dream more about makeup when sleeping.
Flying flowers go, good night long. There are old songs with silk and new cavities in gold scores. The most hated Xiangyun people scattered, Chu Lan's soul was wounded. Being a guest, worrying about home. Count the jade strings, [Yu Feng Wei Lang]. Near the cold eaters, acacia has not forgotten the aroma of algae.
Mr. Zhu Yongzhai said:
For example, Shi Dazu's "Shoulou Chun" "Cut Spring Shirt Seeking Fang", "Cut" and "Seek" two words Yang Ping, "Spring", "Shirt", "Fang" three words Yin Ping, read like high and low, to "Ju Feng Wei Lang" four words are used Yang Ping, syllables appear low. "Words and Phrases of fenchunkan"
2. Divide the voices
Long Yusheng quoted several yuan songs in "Ten Lectures on Lexicology and On the Four Voices of Yin and Yang", about the collocation of the upper and lower voices in the flat sound and the servant sound, and after analyzing it, he believed:
Yin ping with sound is better, such as: lone shadow, know or not.
Yangping is better with desounding, such as listening (listening, desounding).
Although the examples are songs, the words and the songs are the same.
3. "Go up" at the end
Regarding the usage of the voice, going up and entering, Mr. Long Yusheng quoted Wan Shu's "Rhythm of Words and Fa Fan" as saying:
Ping stop one way, go up, go, and enter the three kinds, and do not meet the servant and fill in with three sounds. In the gai one tone, the one who can be generalized is six or seven out of ten, and the one who cannot be generalized is three out of ten.
If you go up to each other, the tune will not vibrate, and it will become a falling cavity. The last sentence is particularly tight. For example, "Still able to eat no" in "Yong Yu Le", "Still can eat no", "Rui He Xian" "and become thin and damaged", "Still", "and" must be poor, "can", "cheng" must be flat, "rice" and "thin" must go, "no", "damage" must be on, and so on. If the last two words are used on the flat, or flat, or go, go up, go up, go up, all are incompatible. "Rhythm of Words"
For example, the last sentence in Xin's "Eternal Encounter":
Still able to eat no. The tone of the four words: go, yangping, go, up.
In Stade's "Crane Immortal", the last sentence:
It is also thin. The tone of the four words: go, yangping, go, up.
Wan Shu believes that the peace of these four words must be arranged in this way. Especially the last two words, it is best to "go up", try not to use: flat go, flat up, go up, go up, go up.
Conclusion
The earliest poem is the lyrics of the song, the earliest words are also the lyrics of the singing, and the yuanqu is of course also the lyrics. Only poems and words, later lost, have become literary forms that can only be chanted.
What the Tang Dynasty people called the disease of discord, in the words of the Ming Dynasty Wang Jide's "Fang Zhuguan QuLu": "If you obey the law, you will be embarrassed." Singing or chanting, the voice is more fluent.
@Old Street Taste
Some people say that Du Fu's "First Moon" contains the six meanings of the poem