The old legend "Four Happy Poems" Yun: "Long drought meets manna, other places meet the old knowledge, the cave house flower candle night, when the gold list is inscribed." These four poems are regarded as the "four joys" of life, and because the first sentence, "Long Drought and Nectar", is often ignored, the "three happy things" are more popular than the "four happy things". ”
Today, the author will talk about the ancient "gold list title time".
Whenever the gold list is titled, the hotel and catering industries across the country will also become busy.
A variety of student banquets have kept the catering service agencies busy, and the name of the banquet has also changed due to the difference in the guests and the object of gratitude. For example, if a candidate invites a teacher to express his gratitude for his hard work, such a banquet is called a "thank you banquet". The banquet for friends and relatives to congratulate candidates on their admission to the ideal institution is called a "congratulatory banquet".
Such banquets not only exist in modern times, in fact, in ancient times, there were similar banquets and gatherings, and the scale, cost, and degree of attention far exceeded modern times. Among them, there are banquets made of AA and banquets paid for by the state.
In ancient China, the banquet of zhongbang students was not something that could be eaten casually, but had a lot of exquisiteness.
For example, in the Tang Dynasty, banquets of the specifications such as deer singing banquet, wenxi banquet, acquaintance banquet, and Guan banquet were specially prepared for liberal arts students. The understanding and method of these banquets have also become a different landscape in the Tang Dynasty. Not only in the Tang Dynasty, in fact, the "student banquet" has appeared as early as the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the function of these banquets is mainly used to congratulate the students in high school, and the younger generations to congratulate the elders on their promotion.
The reason why during the Tang Dynasty, this kind of student banquet was the most fixed, mainly because the imperial examination system at that time was very mature and a fixed system was formed. The economic development and social stability of the Tang Dynasty are recognized by people, and material abundance will inevitably give rise to other aspects of enjoyment needs. For example, at that time, people, like modern people, also liked to eat together, and various types of public and private banquets were more popular.
Within the imperial court, there was a system called "meeting food", that is, to discuss official affairs at the dinner table, which was more similar to the popular "luncheon" of some companies and enterprises, which was to eat while talking about work. At that time, the meeting was also called "hall meal", that is, the hundred officials of the Manchu Dynasty gathered together, ate and drank, and talked about work, and the scene and scale were very large.
As one of the four great joys of life, the "golden list title", eating some meals and having a meal together is also a natural thing.
According to the records in the relevant materials, during the Tang Dynasty, the Deer Ming Feast was a kind of banquet ceremony held by local officials for the local students who passed the examination, usually on the day after the announcement of the examination results. At the banquet, the "Deer Ming" chapter of the "Book of Poetry" will be played to help everyone, which is why it got the name.
This kind of banquet is actually a form of gathering that evolved from the "township drinking ceremony" in the Zhou Dynasty. With the development of society, in the later period, the addition of venison to the banquet dishes made the deer feast worthy of its name, and this system was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, there was also a banquet, which was a kind of banquet of higher standards than the Luming Banquet, mainly to congratulate the students who had been admitted to the new science, and ordinary people were not eligible to participate in such banquets. By the Time of the Song Dynasty, meals with middle-ranking students as the protagonists of banquets began to prevail, and the standard of gatherings became higher.
On the basis of continuing the Tang Dynasty banquet, the Song Dynasty students' banquet also launched the "Qionglin Banquet" that can be comparable to the state banquet. After Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, he would personally announce the list of people who had entered dengke that year, and celebrate in the form of a banquet. Because this banquet is usually held in the Qionglin Garden of the Imperial Garden, it got its name.
Wen Tianxiang, on the other hand, had participated in such a banquet and wrote the "Imperial Gift of Qionglin Feast and Poems":
Feng Zhaoxin bounced into the crown of the Shi and returned to Xuan Majesty to look at Tianyan.
The cloud is covered with a five-colored flag, and the ring of a thousand officials is exposed.
Yan Xi happened to be on the Cowgirl Festival, and Luan Zhangguang reflected the wall Kuijian.
Present the poem Chen Ya foolishly, and see the gengge weather also.
In the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the Qionglin feast was also known as the "Enrong Feast". However, because of custom, in the folk, the highest level banquet for the imperial examination is still more willing to call the Qionglin banquet.
However, if there is Wen Zhuangyuan, there is Wu Zhuangyuan. Liberal arts students in the list of guests, Wu Zhuangyuan zhongbang also has a corresponding banquet, called "Eagle Yang Yan", higher than the specifications of the banquet is the "Huiwu Banquet", this banquet can only be held by Wu Jinshi.
Modern people's classmates party, friend dinner, popular AA system payment, such a way of consumption is fair and just, and, for individuals, the burden is small, so many people are very fond of this payment method. The AA system is not exclusive to modern people, in fact, it is more prevalent in ancient China.
In many cases, students' banquets, inviting guests and friends, and people who come to the banquet will follow their parts, that is, "money". The original meaning of the word is to collect money because of drinking, and some people will bring their own drinks when they attend parties. However, unlike the modern AA system, the share of money at that time was not evenly shared. Like those who are in the top position, as well as the students who rank higher, they will have to pay more money.
In the Tang Dynasty, there was also a more famous form of banquet, called "Wen Xi Feast". This is also the first banquet of the new science and technology to participate in the more high-standard banquet.
This kind of banquet is usually held in Qujiangchi on the day of the edict after the issuance of the list. In fact, in the beginning, the Wen Wedding Feast was to have a banquet with the students of the first place. However, because of the special status of the drinkers, the imperial court will also express it to some extent. For example, in the late Tang Dynasty, the royal family would reward them with some court delicacies as a reward.
It was not until the post-Tang Mingzong period that this habit of making up one's own food changed. By 927 AD, the students who won the list ate the "celebration banquet" and no longer had to make up their own share, but instead ate and drank at public expense paid for by the imperial court. According to the records of relevant materials, the new ranked soldiers, who participate in the feast, will give a reward of 400,000 yuan, some food and drink, and some money, which is really enviable.
In the Song Dynasty, this practice of the Later Tang Dynasty continued, and the new scholars organized gatherings, not only did not have to pay their own pockets, but the imperial court would also give more rewards. According to the records of the literature, in March 1073, Emperor Shenzong of Song gave the jinshi a reward of 3,000 taels, and the various disciplines were 700 taels. In the song zhezong period, the grade of this reward was raised again, not only to reward the jinshi with millions of dollars, but also to give five hundred pots of wine.
In other words, so many pots of wine, when do you have to drink it?
There are many kinds of banquets held for students of the Imperial Examination, such as the "Guan Feast" in the Tang Dynasty period, and the "Qujiang Banquet" and so on. Among them, the cost of the banquet was paid by the students themselves, and the imperial court did not give a reward to this banquet. Because this banquet belongs to the farewell banquet between classmates, it is similar to the current "scattered group meal", and after eating, they will go their separate ways, so it is also called "leaving the meeting".
Although this meal was eaten at the expense of the participants themselves, it did not belong to the private dinner, but was run by the "Jinshi Group" with a public relations nature at that time, and it was a collective activity of a community nature.
Resources:
[New Book of Tang. Electoral Chronicles", "My Study Record. Gongju", "Song Shi LeZhi IV", "Ming Shi Li Yu Biography", "Lang Qian Jiwen"]