Passion fruit cultivation technology in northern Zhejiang

Passion fruit cultivation technology in northern Zhejiang

Yang Guanghui

Passion fruit, also known as egg fruit, belongs to the passion fruit family, is a tropical, subtropical endemic fruit, native to southern Brazil, northern Argentina, is now mainly cultivated in China's Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the Americas and other places are also cultivated, altitude 180 ~ 1 900 m valley jungle is also distributed. Passion fruit juice has mango, guava, banana and other more than 100 kinds of fruit aroma, so it is called "passion fruit", which contains amino acids, proteins and other 165 kinds of substances beneficial to the human body, known as "the king of V C in the fruit", passion fruit drink in the international market enjoys the reputation of "king of drinks". Passion fruit is rich in nutrients, with nourishing fitness, beauty care, digestive aids, anti-aging and other effects, more and more popular with consumers, the market prospects can be expected. The high-yield cultivation technology of passion fruit in northern Zhejiang is summarized for the reference of growers.

1 Ecological habits of passion fruit

Passion fruit is a perennial vine evergreen fruit tree that grows all year round under suitable temperature conditions. (1) Suitable growth temperature. Passion fruit is a tropical and subtropical fruit tree, not hardy, the growth temperature requirements are 15 ~ 35 °C, the most suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 30 °C. Winter shed temperature should not be lower than 3 °C, -2 °C below will freeze to death, if the winter shed temperature remains above 15 °C, passion fruit can flower and bear fruit normally; summer temperature above 30 °C, fruit set rate significantly reduced, even no flowering, no fruit. (2) Suitable growth humidity. The optimal humidity for passion fruit growth is 60%~75%, and the humidity in the shed during the flowering period is kept at 50%~65%. (3) Suitable for growing soil. A soil pH of 6.0 is required for well-drained, fertile and loose loam, sandy loam or clay loam soil.

2 Climatic and soil characteristics of northern Zhejiang

2.1 Climatic characteristics

The northern Zhejiang region is located in the southern edge of the north subtropical region, with four distinct seasons, moderate temperature, sufficient sunshine, the average annual temperature is 15.9 °C, the average frost-free period is 230 d, the average annual precipitation is about 1 200 mm, and the average annual sunshine hours are about 2 000 h.

2.2 Soil characteristics

The soil in the northern Zhejiang Plain is mainly paddy soil, with a unique profile configuration of hydroponic maturation layer- plough bottom layer - infiltration layer - hydrocultural sediment layer - latent incubation layer. The lower layer of the soil is relatively viscous, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter, and the humus coefficient and organic matter content are high. In addition to being affected by the original mother soil, the pH value of paddy soil is also greatly related to water layer management.

3 Passion fruit cultivation technology in northern Zhejiang Province

3.1 Soil treatment

The soil is dug about 80 cm deep, requiring finely chopped, uniform, and deep pine to improve the tillage structure, expand the distribution range of the root system, and facilitate the extensive absorption of nutrients by the roots. Water is then injected into the soil to clean the soil of contaminants and quickly and efficiently remove pesticides, fertilizer residues and heavy metal residues from the original soil. According to the soil condition, organic matter is added as needed to reduce the degree of soil compaction, enhance soil permeability, improve soil porosity, provide food and energy for microbial activities, and improve soil organic matter content and nutrients. Bottom fertilizer can be applied before planting at the amount of organic fertilizer 30 t/hm 2, compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm 2, mineral-derived fulvic acid 7.5 kg/hm 2, bacillus microbial active bacteria 7.5 kg/hm 2. Passion fruit is planted after deep pine leveling the soil.

3.2 Variety Selection

After years of testing, the growth cycle of Tainong No. 1 is more suitable for Zhejiang region. Bred in Taiwan in the 1980s, this variety is a hybrid of purple passion fruit and yellow passion fruit, its plant reproductive characteristics, yield and quality are between the two parents, the growth momentum is more vigorous, moisture tolerance, disease resistance is slightly stronger, stems, petioles and veins are green slightly purple-red, tendrils are green. Tainong No. 1 skin thin and juicy aroma, 10~12 /kg, sweet fruit, single fruit weight 80~120 g. Compared with other varieties of passion fruit, Tainong No. 1 passion fruit has a relatively full aroma, a large skin and thin skin, high yield, full flesh, and a sweet and sour taste.

3.3 Planting

3.3.1 Planting time. It is cultivated in a row of greenhouses to avoid rain, high-density double-layered vertical curtain planting, and fruit seedling colonization before the end of September. Passion fruit planted in northern Zhejiang can be harvested for two seasons in 1 year, spring flowering and fruiting, summer ripening taste is better, autumn fruit due to insufficient temperature, to the second year of April maturity, the taste is poor. Therefore, most of the passion fruit that ripens in summer is planted in Zhejiang, and the harvest period is from the end of June to the beginning of September. In northern Zhejiang, 1-2 months is the dormant period of fruit trees, passion fruit stops growing, and continues to grow after spring warming, in order to ensure the number of passion fruit flowers and fruits, the main vine of passion fruit must grow to the height of the shelf at the end of December, and there must be a sufficient number of branches in mid-March, which requires a sufficient growth cycle, so the best planting time is mid-to-late September.

3.3.2 Planting patterns. High-density double-layer vertical curtain planting, planting density 5 100 plants / hm 2, row spacing 1.6 m, plant spacing 1.2 m, after planting can be set up vertical stand, set 2 layers, layer 1 height of 1.2 m, layer 2 height of 2.2 m, passion fruit planting position with a traction rope pulled to the pole of the stand, interval 1 plant respectively led to the first layer of crossbar and 2nd layer of crossbar. The passion fruit grows to the crossbar position and is topped, then stretched to the sides, each to about 1.2 m position and then topped. Each horizontal branch can hang about 10 branches, as a hanging fruit branch, the lower hanging branch should have flower buds, no flower buds should be cleaned up in time, the length of the upper and lower branches is controlled at about 1.0 m, and there are at least 3 to 4 passion fruit on each branch.

Double-layer vertical curtain planting light is sufficient, ventilation and breathability, few diseases and insect pests; the passage is smooth, fertilization, pruning, fruit picking, spraying, etc. are very convenient, which solves the shortcomings of flat shed planting, and the yield is 3 to 4 times that of the traditional planting method, which greatly reduces the land cost of passion fruit planting, improves the land use rate, and makes full use of space.

3.3.3 Colonization. When planting, there is no need to dig a planting hole, take the passion fruit seedlings out of the nutrition cup, straighten out the root system, layer the soil, step on the compaction, after the planting is completed slightly above the ground, sort out the tree tray, timely drench the root water, add carbendazim 800 times liquid or other fungicidal agents to the root water to improve the survival rate of seedlings. The seedling stage is mainly watered, and the principle of a small number of times is followed to ensure healthy growth at the seedling stage.

3.4 Post-planting management

Post-planting management see column

3.5 Pest control

Passion fruit pest control see column

3.6 Storage and Transportation

Passion fruit is a typical respiratory jump type of fruit, with a high ethylene release, and the ethylene release at the peak of respiratory at 20 °C can reach 160~370 μL/kg per hour. After the passion fruit ripens, it naturally falls to the ground and should be harvested in time. Natural fruit fall before and after 1 d juice content is the highest (42.5%), passion fruit ripe after the skin color from green to yellow and then turned to purple red, natural ripe after picking; part of the fruit skin yellow on ripe natural shedding, this part of the fruit after collection in a cool and dry place placed 2 to 3 d, the color will turn purple red. The 3rd to 5th day after harvest tastes best, according to the color and type of fruit on the 2nd day after harvest packaging, sending out courier, delivery options delivery on the 3rd day after harvest, to ensure that customers get the best quality passion fruit. Placed in a dry place protected from light, it can be stored for 7 to 10 days, after which the epidermis begins to wrinkle, lose its fragrance, and the taste decreases. Passion fruit moistened by rain and dew during fruit harvesting should be placed in a cool and dry place to dry in the shade to avoid rotting.