<h1>Thorn dragon teeth</h1>
Aliases Thorn Old Tooth, Magpie Does Not Step, Thorn Old Crow, Tiger Yang Thorn
Source medicinal material base source: the root bark and bark of the Five Plus family plant Liaodong linquillonia.
Latin botanical mineral name: Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. [Dimor-phanthus elatus Miq.; Aralia mandshuricaMaxim.]
Harvesting and storage: digging roots in spring and autumn, peeling root bark or peeling bark, removing soil impurities, cutting into sections or slices, fresh or sun-dried.
Original form shrub or small tree, 1.5-6 m tall. The twigs are sparsely grown with most fine spines, the spines are 1-3 mm long, and the basal liver is large; the young branches often have slender straight spines, up to 1.5 cm long. The leaves are two to three pinnate compound leaves, 40–80 cm long; the petiole is 20–40 cm long; the base of the pallet and petiole are synthmic, separated in part linear, about 3 mm long, and hairy at the edges; the pinnae has leaflets 7-11, the base has 1 pair of leaflets, the leaves are ovate to ovate oval, 5–15 cm long, 2.5–8 cm wide, tapering at the apex, rounded to heart-shaped at the base, sparsely wedge-shaped, green above, gray-green below. The umbel-shaped inflorescence is 1-1.5 cm in diameter; the total peduncle is 0.8–4 cm long, the peduncle is about 7 mm long, all of which are densely packed with short soft hairs; the bracts and small bracts lanceolate, membranous; the flowers are yellowish white; the calyx is glabrous, about 1.5 mm long, the anterior 5-tooth fissure, lobed ovate triangle; the petals are equal in length with the calyx, the ovate triangle, the flowering time is inverse; the stamens are 5; the inferior ovary, 5 chambers, the flower column 5, detached or basal synphytic. The drupes are spherical, berry-shaped, black, 4 mm in diameter, with 5 edges. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruit period is from September to October.
Habitat division ecological environment: it grows in montane forests at an altitude of about 1000 m.
Resource distribution: distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places.
Trait identification: the root bark is cylindrical, single-roll or double-rolled, slightly curved or irregularly twisted, 15-36 cm long and 1.5-3.0 mm thick; the outer surface is light brown or dark gray-brown, some cork is scaly and peeling, there are longitudinal wrinkles at the peeling site, the inner surface is dark brownish yellow or yellowish white; the skin pores are round or oval, protruding or transverse. Brittle, easy to break, uneven section, light yellowish white or off-white, light blue fluorescence under the ultraviolet lamp. The air is slight, the taste is slightly astringent and then bitter, and the chewing is fiberless slag. The dry skin is mostly curled and untidy single or double roll, straight, a few curved, 10-15 cm long and 1.5-2.0 mm thick; the outer surface is overlapping and wrinkled, rough, and the inner surface is similar to the root skin. Hard and brittle, easy to break, cross-sectional fibrous. The breath is slight, the taste is slightly astringent and then bitter, and the chewing has a rough feeling.
Microscopic identification Of the cross-section of the root bark: the wooden plug layer is a sequence of cells from a few to a dozen columns. Narrowing of the cortex. Phloem rays are 2-4 columns wide of cells, often wavy and curved on the outside, straighter on the medial side, mostly in the secretory tract, tangential ring column, 46-127 μm in diameter. The parenchymal cells of this product contain fine granules, some contain calcium oxalate crystals.
Chemical composition of the root bark and rhizome contains oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glu-copyranoside (oleanolic acid-28-O-β-glu-copyranoside), sucrose (sucrose), carotene (daucosterol), oleanolic acid,carotenosides-6'-palmitate [(6'-O-palmitoyl)- β-sitos-terol-3-O-β-D-glucoside], araloside A, C, G, araloside A methylester, compass silphioside A, chikusetsusaponin Ib, stipuleanosides R1 and R2, stemless pentacasides (acanthoside) D, tetracosanoic acid, α-triacetan (α-kojibiose), Liaodong linden saponins (elatosides) A, C, and F, oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside(oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside), tarasaponin (tarasaponin) I., II., III., IV., V., VI., VII., Tarasaponin III. methyl ester, chikusetsusaponin IV. methyl ester, pseudoginsenoside RT1, methyl pentadecanoate, methyl hexadecanate (hexadecanoate), methyl octadecanoate (hexadecanoate), methyl octadecanoate ( methylxadecanoate ) ( methylxadecanoate ) methyl octadecanoate), methyl eicosanoate, hexaccoan, hexaccoanol (1-hexacosanol), stigmasterol, sitosterol, sucrose (sucrose), amino acid, vitamin B1 and volatile oils.
Pharmachologic effects 1. Cardiovascular effect: Liaodong yuki total saponin has a good protective effect on isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia injury and myocardial infarction in rats caused by ligation of coronary arteries. Total saponin 5mg/kg intraperitoneal injection can significantly improve the ECG changes in myocardial ischemia caused by isoproterenol, significantly reduce the release of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in ischemic myocardial tissue, reduce free fatty acids in myocardial tissue and plasma in ischemic animals, and protect the activity of superoxide dismutase in myocardial tissue.
2． Effect on hypoxic endurance: Mouse gastric Liaodong lintel total saponin can significantly improve hypoxic endurance and reduce oxygen consumption rate, and has a protective effect on toxic hypoxia in mouse tissues caused by potassium cyanide or sodium nitrite and cerebral circulation disorder hypoxia caused by ligation of both common carotid arteries, and has an improving effect on animal brain hypoxia. Total saponins can also significantly increase the partial pressure of oxygen, increasing the difference in partic pressure of arteriovenous oxygen. It has been shown that total soap can increase the delivery of oxygen in the blood, improve the use of oxygen by tissues, and also have an improving effect on alkalosis caused by hypoxia.
3． Other effects: The normal saline of Liaodong linden total saponin was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice for 7 consecutive days, which could significantly stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandins E2 and E2α, significantly increase the cMAP content, significantly reduce the cGMP content, and have no effect on histamine release. Liaodong lintel has an excitatory effect on the intestinal canal, which strengthens the contraction; it also has a certain excitatory effect on the smooth muscle of the isolated uterus, and it has an inhibitory effect on the uterus in vivo.
Toxic Liaodong aerate infusion of mice with 2 g/kg can cause most animal deaths; rabbit gastric douction of 5 g/kg can also cause death. Half of the total saponins were gastricly lethal in 724 mg/kg. Accumulation toxicity experiments, no toxic side effects were found. Micronucleus experiments and dominant lethal experiments showed that total glycosides had no significant differences in the number of surviving fetal litters, the number of dead fetal litters and the mutagenic index compared with the distilled water control group, and there was no mutagenic effect. Testicular chromosomal aberration experiments showed that total saponins had no aberrogenic effect on the chromosomes of testicular sperm cells in mice. Liaodong linde has diarrhea effect.
Sexual taste is spicy; slightly bitter; sweet; sexual flat
Function indications for the treatment of qi and kidney, dispel wind and dampness, activate blood and relieve pain. Weakness of main qi; kidney deficiency and impotence; stomach pain; thirst quenching; insomnia and dreams; rheumatic bone paralysis; weakness of the waist and knees; bruises; fractures; swelling; edema; prolapse; scabies
Dosage for internal use: decoction, 15-30g, double the fresh products, or soak in wine. External use: appropriate amount, mashed, or decoction and washing; or soaked in wine.
Pay attention to patients with hyperactivity of liver and yang.
Excerpt from "Chinese Materia Medica"
