Tsimera is an emerging tropical fruit tree, commonly known as durian honey, also known as Tsimba, small jackfruit, is a tropical evergreen fruit tree of the mulberry wood pineapple genus, native to the Malay Peninsula, now the Malay Peninsula and southern Thailand are widely distributed, Indonesia's Sumatra Island, Borneo, Sulawesi and other regions are also planted. The tip honey is closely related to jackfruit, and the tree shape and fruit structure are similar to jackfruit, but its fruit is relatively small, the flavor is more intense, and it is more popular than jackfruit in the market. Peeling off the grapefruit-sized spiky honey and pulling the jackfruit, you can see that the golden yellow fruit is closely connected in size and emits the unique aroma of tropical fruits. Jackfruit not only smells without the peculiar smell of durian, but also tastes soft and sweet, melting in the mouth. In Southeast Asia, most consumers believe that the flavor of jianmila is better than jackfruit, and it is more convenient to eat, which is a tropical emerging fruit tree worth developing.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >1 Biological characteristics</h1>
1.1 Botany shape
It is an evergreen tree, 10 to 20 meters tall, with milky white sap and thick bark. The plant morphology resembles jackfruit, except that the young branches, leaves, inflorescence stems, and leaves are all covered with hard brown hairs 3 to 4 mm long. The leaves are alternate, inverted ovate, 12 to 27 cm long and 6 to 10 cm wide, wedge-shaped at the base, pointed at the tail, yellow-green to dark green on the leaf surface, and long hairy veins. The young shoots are wrapped in a leaflet covered with brown bristles, smooth and hairless inside, falling early, and leaving leaflet marks on the branches.
The inflorescence is on the trunk or branch of the tree, sandwiched between the axils of the leaves, long rounded, the female inflorescence is 4.5 to 7.2 cm long and 1.5 to 2.4 cm wide, the male inflorescence is 6 to 7.6 cm long and 1.0 to 1.6 cm wide, and the female inflorescence stem is thicker than the male inflorescence stem, and the inflorescence stem is yellow-green and densely covered with brown hard hairs.
The fruit is oblong and oval, with a longitudinal diameter of 23 to 46 cm, a horizontal diameter of 9 to 16 cm, a single fruit weighing 2 to 4 kg, lighter than jackfruit, the skin spines are not as hard as the jackfruit tip, the peel is yellow-green, and it is yellow and close to brown when ripe. The ripe fruit is almost free of glue, the peel and pulp are easily separated, peeling can make the buds stay on the heart of the fruit in bunches, easy to eat, the flesh is yellow to dark yellow, the sweet flavor is strong, and the texture is between the dry buds and wet buds of jackfruit. The seeds are diverse in shape, round, kidney-shaped, oblong or irregular, 2.5 to 3.3 cm long and 2.1 to 2.5 cm wide, and can be cooked and eaten.
1.2 Growth environment and phenology
After long-term cultivation, people choose to breed thick and fragrant types, in the place of origin, the seedlings can flower and bear fruit in about 5 years, without special management. Like jackfruit, Jianmila is a typical tropical fruit tree, prefers high temperature and humid environment, grows best in fertile, well-drained soil below 1000 meters above sea level, has weaker cold tolerance than jackfruit, and when the temperature is below 5 ° C, the young shoots dry up, the old leaves turn yellow, and the leaves fall. According to reports, the jianmila introduced in Guangxi was dried up by the cold when the local temperature was low.
The climate of Hainan Wanning Xinglong region is similar to that of the origin of Jianmila, which belongs to the tropical monsoon climate zone, with typical tropical characteristics and superior light and heat resources, no frost and cold damage, long summer and no winter, the average annual temperature is 22.4 °C, the extreme low temperature is 8.0 ~ 9.0 °C, the annual rainfall is 2131.4 mm, the water resources are abundant, and the soil is yellow brick red soil. From January to February, many young branches are drawn from the main trunk, and flowers begin to appear on the main branches and branches on the trunk from February to March, and the fruit matures from September to October, and the fruit development period is 160 to 180 days. In some years, two fruits are occasionally seen, with the second flowering from July to August, and the fruit ripening from December to January. Solid seedlings or budding seedlings generally begin to flower and bear fruit in 4 to 6 years, and the fruit yield of each adult tree is 60 to 200. There are differences in the size of the same fruit, in the female inflorescence with a large number of fertilized flowers, the fruit shape is positive and large, the fruit buds are more, 100 to 200 fruit buds, the fruit is up to 46 cm long and about 16 cm wide; if the number of fertilized flowers is small, the fruit buds are less than 3-5, and the fruit is small.
In Qionghai, Hainan, the flowering period of Jianmila is mainly in March to April, the fruit begins to mature in mid-to-late July, and the peak maturity period enters from August to September, and the fruit development period is about 130 days. The phenological period is about 1 month earlier than Wanning's Jianmila.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2 Nutrients and uses</h1>
The ripe flesh of The tip honey is sweet and aromatic, rich in nutrients, soluble solids content of 25%, total sugar 38.6%, starch 1.26%, per 100 grams of pulp contains vitamin C 3.83 grams, the flavor is better than jackfruit. Roasted or cooked seeds are edible, taste like chestnut, and are rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, and more. The unripe fruit is peeled and can be boiled in soup, which is a delicious dish. At the same time, the sharp honeyla wood is dense and durable, and is a good material for construction and furniture.
bibliography
(1) Wu Gang, Yang Fengchun, Yan Lin, etc., Jianmila's introduction and cultivation in Xinglong, Hainan. Southern China Fruit Tree, 2010, 39(5)60-61.
(2) Tao Tingyan, Fan Hongyan, Wang Shuwang, etc., Key points of breeding and cultivation technology of the new variety of Jianmila 'Duoyi No. 1'. Southern China Fruit Trees, 2017(3):80-82.