From 1636 to 1912, the Qing Dynasty lasted for a total of more than two hundred years, with a total of twelve emperors, namely Nurhaci (Mandate of Heaven), Emperor Taiji (Tiancong), Fulin (Shunzhi), Xuanye (Kangxi), Yinchen (Yongzheng), Hongli (Qianlong), Yongyan, later Changed to Yanyan (Jiaqing), Mianning, later Minning (Daoguang), Yixuan (Xianfeng), Zaichun (Tongzhi), Zaixiang (Guangxu), Puyi (Xuantong).
China's history of five thousand years, has experienced countless changes of dynasties, each ruling dynasty has been brilliant, although the modern history of China's humiliation is caused by the end of the Qing Dynasty, but it is undeniable that the Qing Dynasty was also brilliant.
Most of the views in modern society believe that the turning point of the Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline was in Aixin Jueluo Hongli, that is, the Qianlong Emperor, and due to the popularity of some TV series about the Qianlong Emperor, such as the TV series "Huan Zhu Gege" and "Iron Tooth Copper Tooth Ji Xiaolan", the emperor Qianlong, who was at the turning point of the Qing Dynasty, was more well known.
Qianlong was also one of the longest-reigning emperors of the Qing Dynasty, and Qianlong once summed up his life as having "ten complete martial arts", including two battles to pacify Dzungar, quell the rebellion of Size and Zhuo, two battles of Jinchuan (see Battle of Jinchuan), suppression of the Lin Shuangwen Uprising in Taiwan, the Battle of Burma, the Battle of Annam, and two battles against Gorkha. He called himself the "Ten Complete Old Men" and composed the "Imperial Ten Complete Records". Today, I would like to talk to you about the two battles of Jinchuan by the Qianlong Emperor.
In the eleventh year of Qianlong, the then Great Jinchuan Toast Shaluoben robbed Xiaojinchuan Toastmaster Zewang, and in the second year, he attacked Mingzheng Toast (present-day Kangding) and other places, and the Qing Dynasty sent troops to "bullet suppression", which was stubbornly resisted by Sha Luoben. Therefore, the Qianlong Emperor transferred Zhang Guangsi to be the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and led 30,000 horses to attack Shaluoben, but the large army led by Zhang Guangsi was resisted by Shaluoben, and frequently lost, and was defeated and retreated, and the Qing army suffered heavy losses.
Qianlong was furious, and the Qianlong Emperor beheaded Zhang Guangsi for the crime of mistaking a military plane and replaced him with Fu Heng as commander. After a series of crushing victories, the Great Jinchuan Rebellion was finally put to rest. However, the Qing Dynasty also suffered great losses and paid great manpower and material resources, fortunately, Kangxi left Qianlong with a relatively thick foundation.
In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong, the Great Jinchuan Toastmaster Sonomu (Sha Luoben's nephew) and the Little Jinchuan Toastmaster Monk Kelsang (Zewangzi) rebelled again, and the Qianlong Emperor ordered Wen Fu and Guilin to attack Xiaojinchuan from Wenchuan and The Arrow Furnace (present-day Kangding, Sichuan). After a five-year war, the Qing army finally quelled the rebellion, and according to records, the second quelling of the war cost 70 million taels of silver, tens of thousands of officers and soldiers were killed and wounded, and the four ministers Zhang Guangsi, Ne Qin, Altai, and Wen Fu were also damaged, which can be said to have greatly damaged the foundation of the Qing Dynasty.
The Battle of Jinchuan lasted for many years, but in fact it only calmed the deep mountain wilderness in the northwest of Sichuan Province, with a depth of only more than 200 kilometers, and the Tibetans along the Jinchuan coast who fought against the Qing Dynasty were less than 30,000 and very backward weapons and equipment.
However, the Qing Dynasty dispatched hundreds of thousands of people and horses to this, spent a lot of financial resources to maintain this long war, so that the Qing Dynasty's treasury was slowly stretched, and in these decades, the Western world was vigorously developing scientific productivity, gradually opening up the distance with the Qing Dynasty. It also sowed the seeds for the decline of the Qing Dynasty after that.
Although the Battle of Jinchuan also had a certain positive significance, the author believes that the negative impact of these two battles is far greater than the positive side, and the Qianlong Emperor prides himself on the merits of the "Ten Perfect Old Men", but Qianlong just brags about himself. The Qing Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and Qianlong had to bear the unshirkable responsibility.