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Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a historical literary work compiled by fan Ye, a historian of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasties, and is one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, together with the Records of History, the Book of Han, and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, is known as the "First Four Histories". The Book of later Han is divided into ten ages, eighty columns, and eight zhi (taken from Sima Biao's "Book of Continuation of the Han Dynasty"), and the whole book mainly records the first year of the Han Guangwu Emperor Jianwu (25 AD) from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the twenty-fifth year of the Han Xiandi Jian'an (220 AD), a total of 195 years of history. Most of the "Book of Later Han" follows the ready-made styles of "History" and "Book of Han", but in the process of writing the book, Fan Ye made innovations and changes according to the specific characteristics of the history of the Generation during the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is rigorously structured and orderly. For example, the eighty columns are generally arranged according to the order of the times. The first three volumes are of the two Han Dynasties, and the next nine volumes are of the clan princes and important generals of the Guangwu era. The progressiveness of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is also reflected in the courage to expose dark politics, sympathy and praise of justice, on the one hand, exposing the magnates of the fish and meat people, and on the other hand, commending those middle and lower classes who are strong and upright and are not afraid of violence. #历史 #

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the spring of the second year, the three auxiliaries of the Zhao Yu and the six counties of Liang were redundant and poor. Shu County Tsing Yi Daoyi dedicated its subordinates. Repair the Water Divided by Ximen Leopard as a branch canal to irrigate the mintian. In February, the gurudwara were sent to bury the dead and the deceased in coffins, all of whom were sacrificed; their dependents, especially those who were poor and unable to be buried, were given five thousand. Xin You, Zhao Sanfu, Hanoi, Hedong, Shangdang, Zhao Guo, and Taiyuan each repaired old canals and connected waterways to irrigate public and private fields. March, Kyoshi gale. First zero Qiang Kou Yizhou, send Zhonglang to ask Yin for it. At noon in the fourth month of Xia, the noble yan was made empress. In May, the Beijing division drought, Henan and the nineteen locusts of the county. Jia Shu (甲戌), edict: "The imperial court is unknown, the affairs are lost, the disasters are endless, and the worries and sorrows are feared." Since being locusted, seven years have been in Zizi, while the states and counties are hidden, and the cut is acres. This group of people flying in the sky, for the harm is far away, what they say and see, would they rather be evil? The office of the three divisions is that of a supervisor inside and outside, that is, it does not play the music and does not correct it. Natural disasters are the greatest, and the sin of deception is great. This is the middle of summer, and the return of the loan, to see the aftermath. Its business is to eliminate disaster relief, An Ji Li Yuan. "June, Lieutenant Sima Baoxue." Luoyang New City ground crack. In the autumn of July, Xin Mi, the servant Taishan Ma Ying, was made a lieutenant. In August, Liaodong Xianbei encircled Wuxian County. In September, he attacked the plough camp again and killed the county order. There is an eclipse of the sun. In the winter of October, Junzhong Lang will be appointed as shangtun sanfu. Zhaojun Guozhong capital official department prisoners reduced to the first class, do not flogging, Yi Feng Yi, Fu Feng Tun, the wife follows, occupy the place; women do not lose. There are differences in the atonement of the following sins of death. His servants gathered as thieves, and those who repented were exonerated from their sins. Yi Wei, Right FuFeng Zhongguang, Anding Taishou Du Hui, Jing Zhaohuya Du Wei AndOng Pu and Xian Zero Qiang fought at Ding XiCheng, and Guang and others were defeated and did not. Zuo Feng Yi Sima Jun went to prison and committed suicide. In November, Gunkoku ten earthquakes. In December, wuling rebelled in the middle of the river, and the prefecture and county broke it. Heyou, Situ Xia Qin. Geng, Sikong Liu Kai as Situ, and Guanglu Xun Yuan Chang as Sikong.

In the first month of the spring of the second year (115), the edict was issued to use grain to help the poor scattered in sanfu and the six counties of Liang. Shu County, Tsing Yi Province, Yi Na Gong Nei genus. Repair the Water Division of Ximen Leopard as a branch canal to irrigate the people's land. On February 12, the Gurudwara was sent to collect and bury the dead and the deceased in coffins, all of whom were sacrificed; those who had family members but were extremely poor and unable to bury them were given 5,000 yuan each. Xin You, the edict ordered Sanfu, Hanoi, Hedong, Shangdang, Zhao Guo, and Taiyuan to repair old canals and open waterways to irrigate public and private fields. On the eighth day of March, it was windy. First Zero Qiang Kou plundered Yizhou, and sent zhonglang general Yin to attack them. On april 21 of Xia, the nobleman Yan Shi was made empress. In May, there was a drought in Beijing, and there were nineteen locust plagues in Henan and Junguo. On the twentieth day, the edict said: "The imperial court is unknown, the government affairs are improper, and the disasters are constantly mutating, and I am worried." Since the locust plague, it has been seven years, and the state and county have concealed the situation, only saying that the disaster is more than a few acres. The current swarm of locusts is hiding in the sky, and the harm is far-reaching, is what is said consistent with what is seen? The duties of the three divisions must be supervised both inside and outside. Neither upward reporting nor correction is made. The natural calamities are so severe that the sin of deceiving heaven is enormous. In the middle of summer this year, we will temporarily exempt from investigation and give tolerance to see the aftermath. The suffering caused by disasters should be eliminated and the people should be appeased. On the second day of the first month of June, Sima Bao, the grand lieutenant, passed away. Luoyang New City ground crack. On July 28 of the autumn, He was made a lieutenant of Taishan Ma Ying. In August, Liaodong Xianbei encircled Wuxian County. In September, he attacked the plough camp again and killed the county order. On the thirtieth day, a solar eclipse occurred. In the winter of October, Pai Zhonglang will be stationed in Sanfu. The edict ordered the county capital officials to reduce the death of prisoners of the first class, not to flogging, to send Feng Yi and Fufeng Tunken, and the wife to follow herself and go to the local household registration; the woman should not send it. The atonement for the following sins of death is unequal. If the people gather together to be thieves, and those who repent well are exonerated. On the thirteenth day, Right Fufeng Zhongguang, Anding Taishou Du Hui, Jingzhao Huyadu Lieutenant Geng Pu and XianZhi qiang fought at Ding Xi City, and Zhongguang and others were defeated and killed. Zuo Feng Yi Sima Jun went to prison and committed suicide. On the ninth day of November, the ten earthquakes in The County. In December, wuling rebelled, and the state soldiers defeated them. On the twenty-eighth day, Situ Xia Qin resigned, and on the twenty-ninth day, Liu Kai was made Situ, and Guanglu Xun Yuan Chang was made Sikong. 

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the spring of the third year, jia shu repaired the old ditch in Taiyuan and irrigated the official private land. Dongping land on the wood lianli. Cang, Yulin, and Hepu rebelled, and in February, they sent yushi to serve as the governor of the prefecture and the county. Ten earthquakes in the county. In March, there is an eclipse of the sun. Bing Chen, pardon Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, and Nanhai officials who are forced by thieves. In the summer of April, there was a drought in Beijing. In May, Wuling rebelled violently, and the prefectures and counties broke it. The Liao general Deng Zun led the Southern Xiongnu to attack The First Qiang in Lingzhou and broke it. Yue Wei yi refers to the genus within the species. In June, Zhonglang sent Ren Shang to break through the Xianzhi Qiang at Ding XiCheng. In the autumn and July, Wuling rebelled, and the prefectures and counties sought peace. The land of the clan. September Xin Ji, Zhao Wang Hongxue. In the winter of November, Cangwu, Yulin, and Hepu barbarians descended. Cheng, the first minister, two thousand stones, and the assassination of Shi Xing for three years. 癸卯, Gunkoku Nine earthquake. In December, Ren Shang sent troops to break the Xianzhi Qiang in the north. In the spring of the fourth year, in the second month of the second month, there is an eclipse of the sun. Etoile, amnesty for the world. Nong, Arsenal Disaster. Xia April PengShen, Sikong Yuan Changxue. Ji Wei, Xianbei Kou Liaoxi, Liaoxi County's soldiers and Wu Huan broke it. May Ding ugly, too often Li Gao for sikong. On the fifth day of June, the rain and hail in the three counties. Autumn july xin ugly, Chen Wang Junxue. Ten rains in Kyoshi and Gunkoku. The edict says: "This autumn the harvest is good, and the harvest can be harvested, but even if it rains, it will be drowned." I was worried and worried. The rain of the rain, the result of people's resentment. His military officials act harshly under the influence of their tyranny, and the township officials are punished by those who commit adultery in public and suffer from the suffering of the people. And "Moon Order" "Mid-autumn to nourish the old, give a few sticks, line porridge". At the time of Fang's case, the county and county did not follow it. Although there is porridge, the chaff is half of the chaff and the long official is sluggish, and there is no one who bows down, and even violates the meaning of the edict for the elderly. Its business is to revere benevolence and forgiveness, to provide for widowhood, and to call it a widow. "In September, Ren Shang, a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty, assassinated the rebel Qiang Zero Chang. In the winter of November, the king of Pengcheng was gongxue. In December, Zhao Weiyi killed the county order. Jiazi, Ren Shang, and the riding capital Lieutenant Ma Xian fought with Xian zero Qiang at the Fuping River, and broke it. The pious Qiang led the crowd to surrender, and Long Right Ping. Is the year, the thirteen earthquakes of the county.

On the 24th day of the first lunar month of the third year (116), the old ditch in Taiyuan was repaired and the official field was irrigated. Dongping Lu reported that Mu Lianli appeared. Cangwu, Yulin, and Hepu rebelled, and in February sent the attendant Yushi Renlu to urge the county soldiers to fight. Ten earthquakes in the county. On the second day of March, the eclipse. On the seventh day of the first month, the officials of Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, and Nanhai were pardoned for the crimes committed by thieves. In the summer of April, there was a drought in Beijing. In May, Wuling Man rebelled again, and the prefectures defeated them. On the 25th, the Duliao general Deng Zun led the Southern Xiongnu to attack The Xianzhi Qiang in Lingzhou and defeated them. The Yuebian Waiyi rate all the clans. In June, Zhonglang sent troops to ren shang to attack Xianzhi Qiang at Ding Xi City. In the autumn and July, Wuling Man rebelled again, and the prefecture defeated them. The land of the clan. On the fifth day of September, Liu Hong, the King of Zhao, died. In the winter of November, Cangwu, Yulin, and Hepu barbarians surrendered. In the tenth year of the first year, he began to obey the minister, the two thousand stones, and the assassin shi to carry out three years of mourning. On the twenty-seventh day, the ninth earthquake in the county. On December 12, Ren Shang sent troops to defeat Xianzhi Qiang in the north. On the first day of the fourth year (117) spring and february, the eclipse. On the eleventh day, amnesty was granted to the world. On the eighteenth day, the arsenal was set on fire. On the fifth day of the first month of Xia April, Sikong Yuan Chang died. On the twenty-sixth day, Xianbei Kou plundered Liaoxi, and the Liaoxi commandery and Wuhuan defeated them. On the fifth day of the first month of May, Ren Taichang Li Guo was made a sikong. On June 26, hail fell on the three counties. On July 30, Liu Jun, the King of Chen, died. Ten rains in Kyoshi and Gunkoku. The edict said: "This autumn the harvest is flourishing, and the harvest will be harvested, but the rain will not be clear, but I am afraid of drowning." Be wary of fear, and think of blame. The rain is due to the resentment of the people. Military attachés abuse subordinates with obscenity, civilian officials act harshly, and township officials commit adultery under false pretenses, which is because of the suffering of the people, and the relevant departments should publicly punish them. And the "Moon Order" said: "Mid-autumn cares for aging, gives the old man a few rods, and gives the old man porridge." 'Now is the time to check the household registration in August, but the counties do not implement it. Although there was porridge, the chaff was mixed, and the chief officials were lazy and did not handle it personally. It is a great violation of the original intention of the edict for the elderly. I should advocate benevolence and forgiveness, give charity and protect widowhood, and do what I want. In September, Ren Shang, a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty, sent assassins to kill the rebel Qiang Zero Chang. On the ninth day of the first month of November, Liu Gong, the king of Pengcheng, died. In December, Yue Wei yi Kou plundered Sui Jiu and killed the county order. On the 25th, Ren Shang and the riding lieutenant Ma Xian fought with XianZhiqiang at the Upper River in Fuping and defeated them. Qian Renqiang led his troops to surrender, and Long Right was pacified. This year, the thirteen earthquakes in the county. 

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the first month of the fifth year of spring, Yue Wei rebelled. In February, Zhongshan Wang Xianxue. In March, there was a five-drought in the capital and the county, and the people were poor and suffered from drought. In the summer of June, Goguryeo and Kou Xuanxuan. In the autumn and July, the Yue Barbarians and the Cattle rebelled and killed the chief officials. Chengzi, edict: "The old decree system, each with its own merits, wants to make the people respect and economize." At the beginning of the eternal past, people left the wilderness, and the imperial court bowed to itself, to the luxury of luxury, to eat and taste, and to have no clothes. Although bi Nian has been enriched, there is still no reserve, and the little man has no worries, does not want to be long-term, marries and sends the end, and is gorgeous and beautiful, so that there are pawns and slaves who are in the valley and wear pearls. Kyoshi Shang Ruosi, why show the four far away? Set up a law to prohibit, earnestly and clearly distinguish, and there are lazy directors who do not follow them. The autumn festival is standing, the ostrich will use it, and repeat it to see the after-effect. "August C Shen Shuo, the eclipse of the sun." Xianbei Kodai County, kill the chief official. In the winter of October, xianbeikou went up to the valley. In December, Zhonglang will be guilty of Ren Shang and abandon the city. It is the year, the fourteen earthquakes of the county. In the spring of the sixth year, in the second month of February, the forty-two earthquakes in Kyoshi and Junguo were either cracked and water springs gushed out. Nongzi, zhao sanfu selected five people from Gaodi, five each from the Noh Lee shepherds, and Guanglu Xun and Zhonglang will choose 50 people who are generous and strategic, innocent and high, and give supplementary orders, chiefs, beggars, and lieutenants. Yi Di (乙卯), edict: "Fu Zheng, first jingshi, then Zhu xia." "Moon Order" Mid-spring 'raise the young, save the orphans', Ji Chun 'give poverty, relief, provincial women, cousin virgins', so Shunyang Qi, chongchang also. It gives people especially poor, lonely, and lonely valleys, and the three branches of the people; the virgin woman has ten knots of righteousness, and the zhen table is lu, and the jing is manifested. "In March Gengchen, the Six Sects were established, and they were enshrined in the northwest of Los Angeles. In the summer of April, the huijian plague, sent Dr. Guanglu to the tai doctor to follow the disease, gave the coffin, in addition to the field rent, the field endowment. Peiguo, Bohai strong wind, rain and hail. In May, there was a drought in Kyoshi. June Ding Ugly, Le Cheng Wang Bin Xue. Cheng, the king of the plains. In the autumn and July, the city of Xianbei Kouma, the Liao general Deng Zun led Nandan Yu to break it. September 癸巳, Chen Wang Zhen 薨. In December, there is an eclipse of the sun, both. Gunkoku 8 earthquake. At the age of that, Yongchang and Yizhou Shu County rebelled, and Yue Weiyi killed the chief official, burned the city, and Yizhou stabbed Shi Zhang Qiao to break it.

In the first month of the spring of the fifth year (118), Yue Weiyi rebelled. On February 14, Liu Xian, the King of Zhongshan, died. In March, the Capital Division and the county had five droughts, and the edict was issued to provide food to help the drought-stricken poor. In the summer of June, Goguryeo and The Dragon Raiders plundered Xuan Yu. In the autumn of July, the Yue Barbarians and The Niu Hao rebelled and killed the chief official. In the tenth month of the first month, the edict said: "The purpose of the old order system, each with its own category level, is to make sure that the people must advocate economy." In the early Yong Dynasty, people's hearts were scattered and life was desolate, and the imperial court personally was thin, removing luxury ornaments, eating and tasting, and clothing. Although these years have been harvested, there is still little savings, and the villains have no calculations, do not want to be long-term, marry and send to the end, compete for luxury, so that the peddlers and pawns and slaves also wear Aya Luo and treasure jewelry. If this is still the case, how can it be an example for the four parties? All kinds of laws and regulations are strictly understood, but officials at all levels are lazy and laissez-faire, and have not been obeying them. Autumn is coming, and if you do not obey the law, you will be punished and punished in the autumn. Again, we would like to reiterate that we will see the after-effects. "On the first day of August, the eclipse. Xianbei Kou plundered the county and killed the chieftain. In the winter of October, xianbei Kou plundered the valley. On December 18, Zhonglang convicted Ren Shang and beheaded him in the city. This year, the fourteen earthquakes in the county. On February 12, the sixth year (119), the forty-two earthquakes in Kyoshi and Gunkoku were either cracked and water springs poured out. On the nineteenth day, the edict ordered the three houses to elect five noble men, five each of the nobility of the pastoralists, and Guanglu Xun and Zhonglang to choose fifty people who were generous and scheming and innocent, and to be used to make up for the appointment of Ling, Chang, Cheng, and Wei. On the twenty-second day, the edict said: "Politics, first the capital division, then the summers." The "Moon Order" Zhongchun 'raise the young, save the orphans', Ji Chun 'reward the poor, help the uninitiated, reduce women's labor, and commend the loyal women', in order to rationalize the Yang Qi, advocate growth, and now reward the extremely poor, the weak, and the lonely, each person has three valleys; the virtuous and righteous women each have ten hu. Distinguish and praise the door, praise the noble virtue. "On March 18, the Six Sects of Heaven and Earth were founded in the northwest of Los Angeles. In the summer of April, when the epidemic was epidemic, Dr. Guanglu was sent to take the Tai Doctor to treat the disease. The coffin of the dead is rewarded, and the rent and mouth are exempted. Peiguo, Bohai strong wind, hail. In May, Kyoshi was drought-stricken. On June 17, Liu Bin, the King of Lecheng, died. On the twenty-sixth day, Liu De, the king of the Plains, died. In the autumn and July, Xianbei Kou plundered Macheng, and the Liao general Deng Zun led NanDan Yu to defeat them. On the fourth day of September, Liu Zhen, the King of Chen, died. On the first day of December, the eclipse occurred, and the county was hit by an earthquake. In this year, Yongchang and Yizhou Shu Rebelled, and with Yue Weiyi killed the chief official, burned the city, and Yizhou stabbed Shi Zhang Qiao to defeat him and surrender. 

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the first spring of the first year of Yongning, Jia Chen, the king of Rencheng, was appointed as the king of the city. In March, Ding You, King Shou of Jibei. Che Shihou rebelled and killed Sima Bu. Shen Qiang Kou Zhangye. In the fourth month of Xia, he made the crown prince, changed his name to Yuan Yongning, and pardoned the world. The king, the lord, the three dukes, and the marquises descend to the lang officials, the officials jin, and the servants; and the people are given the differences between the lords and the cloth and the millet. He, Shaofeng Chen Wang Xian Zi chong as King Chen, Prince Chang of Jibei as King Of Lecheng, prince of Hejian as King of Pingyuan. At noon, the evil king of Lang shou xue. In June, Shen Yi planted a Qiang rebellion, Kou Zhangye, and Ma Xian, a lieutenant of the Qiang School, beg Shen Qiang and broke it. Autumn and July, there is an eclipse of the sun. In the winter of October, Sikong Li Gao was spared. 癸酉, Wei Wei Lujiang Chen praised as Sikong. From March to the month, the 33 winds and rains in Kyoshi and gunkoku. In December, Yongchang made contributions to the foreign Shan State Envoy. Peng Chen, Situ Liu Kai. Liaoxi xianbei descended. 癸酉, Too often Yang Zhen as Situ. It is the age of twenty-three earthquakes in the county. The King of Fuyu sent his sons to contribute. Burn when qiang rebel. In the spring of the first year of Jianguang, Youzhou Assassin Shi Feng Huan led the second county too shou to beg Goguryeo and Tuoqi, and did not take it. In February, amnesty for the world. The nobles, kings, lords, princes, and secretaries of state of the garden are given money and cloth. Take the Gong, the Secretary, the Lieutenant, and the Shang Shu disciples as the Lang and the Sheren. In March, Empress Dowager Tang collapsed. Bing Wu, buried and Xi Empress. Ding Wei, the favorite of the King of Le'an. Peng Shen, posthumously honored Emperor Kaoqinghe Xiaowang Xiaode Emperor. Empress Xiaode of the Zuo clan of the Imperial Concubine, Empress Jingyin of the Ancestral Concubine Song Guiren. In the summer of April, Qin Qifu and Xianbei Kou Liaodong, Liaodong Taishou Cai Irony pursued, and was killed in battle. Bingchen, to Guangchuan and Qinghe kingdom. Ding Wei (丁巳), honored Emperor Xiaode's concubine Geng Shi (耿氏) as a great nobleman of Ganling. Jiazi, Lecheng Wang Chang was guilty and deposed as the Marquis of Linhu. He was the Commander of the Order, the Prince, the Secretary, the Special Jin, the Hou, the Middle Two Thousand Stones, the Two Thousand Stones, and the County,100,000 Stones, and one each of the People of the Way. Give the widow, widow, lonely, lonely, poor and unable to survive in the valley, and the three axes of man. Jia Shu( 甲戌), the capital of the Liaodong vassal state, Pang Fen, undertook the forgery of the seal book to kill Xuan Shu Taishou Yao Guang. In May Gengchen, he entered Deng Xiao and the General Deng Zun of Duliao, and committed suicide by means of a rumor. Bing Shen, demoted the Prince of Pingyuan to the Marquis of Duxiang. Autumn and July, he died, changed yuan jianguang, and pardoned the world. Nong Yin, Tai Wei Ma Yingxue. In August, Ma Xian, a lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty, asked for the Qiang to burn the Qiang in Jincheng, which was unfavorable. Jiazi, former Situ Liu Kai as a lieutenant. Xianbei Kou Juyongguan, in September, Yunzhong Taishoucheng severely attacked, and was killed. Lieutenant Wu Huan of Xianbei besieged Yu Macheng, and the Liao general Geng Kui rescued him. Peng Zi, Xing Wei Wei Feng Shi Fu. It is autumn, Kyoshi and the twenty-nine rains of the county. Winter November has been ugly, the county thirty-five earthquakes, or cracks. Below the three princes of the edict, each of them has a title of Chen Gains and Losses. Doctor Guanglu gave the deceased money, two thousand. In addition to this year's field rent. Those who have been stricken by the disaster shall not receive their gifts. Humble Kou Xuan. Gengzi, the minister of restoration, served more than 2,000 stones for three years and was mourned. There are five generals each, namely the Three Dukes, tejin, Hou, Qing, and Lieutenant Colonel. At noon, zhaojing and the county were harvested by water and rain, and the rent of the land was reduced with the acres. Jiazi, the first Yuyang battalion soldier. In the winter of December, Goguryeo, Mahan, and Qin besieged Xuanyu City, and the fuyu king sent his sons to fight with the states and counties to break it.

On the seventeenth day of the first lunar month of the first year of Yongning (120), Liu An, the king of Rencheng, died. On March 11, Liu Shou, the King of Jibei, died. The Queen of Cheshi rebelled and killed Sima Bu. Shen Yiqiang plundered Zhangye. On April 11 of Xia, crown prince Bao was made crown prince, changed yuan yongning, and pardoned the world. Rewards were given to kings, dukes, three dukes, and marquises down to lang officials, subordinate officials and gold servants, and also to people and cloth millets. On the fourteenth day, Liu Chong, the Prince of Chen, was made the King of Chen, Liu Cang the Prince of Jibei the Prince of Lecheng, and Liu Yi the Prince of Hejian the Prince of Pingyuan. On the twenty-seventh day, Liu Shou, the King of Lang, died. In June, Shen Rebelled against Qiang, Kou Zhangye, and Ma Xian, a lieutenant of the Qiang Guards, rebelled against Shen Qiang and defeated him. Autumn on the first day of July, eclipse. On October 16 of winter, Sikong Li Guo was dismissed from his post. On the twentieth day, Wei Wei Lujiang Chen praised him as Sikong. From March to this month, there were thirty-three strong winds and rains in Kyoshi and Junguo. In December, Yongchang sent an envoy to the Shan state. On the sixteenth day, Situ Liu Kai resigned. Liaoxi Xianbei surrendered. On the twenty-first day, Ren Taichang Yang Zhen was made a Situ. In this year, the county twenty-three earthquakes. King Fuyu sent his son to the imperial palace to pay tribute. Burn when qiang rebels. In the spring of the first year of Jianguang (121), Feng Huan, the assassin of Youzhou, led the Ergun Taishou to attack Goguryeo and Yi shiyi, but did not overcome it. On February 12, amnesty was granted. The rewards for the gardens are not equal to those of the nobles, kings, princes, lords, and secretaries of state. Take the Gong, the Secretary, the Lieutenant, and the Shang Shu disciples as the Lang and the Sheren. On March 13, Empress Dowager Tang died. Twenty-six days, buried and Xi Empress. On the twenty-seventh day, Liu Kuan, the king of Le'an, died. On the twenty-eighth day, emperor Kaoqinghe Xiaowang was posthumously honored as the king of filial piety, emperor Zuo shi was made empress of filial piety, and zu concubine Song Gui was honored as empress jingyin. In the summer of April, Liaodong and Xianbei raided Liaodong, and Liaodong was chased by Cai Xie and killed in battle. In the sixth month of the first month, Guangchuan was merged into the Qinghe State. In the seventh month of the first month, Emperor Xiaode's concubine Geng Shi was made a nobleman of Ganling. On the fourteenth day, Liu Cang, the king of Lecheng, was guilty and deposed as the Marquis of Linhu. On the nineteenth day, Ling Gong, Qing, Tejin, Hou, Zhong'er Thousand Stones, Two Thousand Stones, and The County's Guardian Minister recommended one person each for the Righteous, and gave each of them three valleys of widowhood, widowhood, loneliness, loneliness, and poverty. On the twenty-fourth day, Pang Fen, the capital of the Liaodong vassal state, accepted the forgery seal to kill Xuan Yu taishou Yao Guang. On the first day of May, Deng Qi, the special jin, and Deng Zun, the general of Duliao, both committed suicide because of false accusations. On the seventeenth day, Liu Yi, the king of the Plains, was demoted to the title of Marquis of Duxiang. On the first day of the first month of July in autumn, the yuan jianguang was changed, and the world was amnesty. On the fourteenth day, Lieutenant Ma Ying died. In August, Ma Xian, a lieutenant of the Qiang School, went on a crusade against the Qiang at Jincheng, and the war was unfavorable. On the sixteenth day, Liu Kai, the former situ, was appointed as a lieutenant. Xianbei Kou juyongguan, in September, Yunzhong Taishoucheng severely attacked Xianbei and died in battle. Lieutenant Wu Huan of Xianbei besieged Yu Macheng, and the Liao general Geng Fu went to the rescue. Peng Zi, the emperor to the Wei Wei Feng Shi Mansion. In the autumn of that year, the capital and the county twenty-nine rains. Winter November 12, the county thirty-five earthquake, or crack. The edict ordered the three dukes below, each secretly wrote a letter of criticism and suggestion, discussed the benefits and losses, sent Guanglu Doctor to inspect, and rewarded each person who died with two thousand dollars. Exempt from this year's field rent. Those who have been hit hard are exempt from population tax. Xianbei Kou plundered Xuan Xuan. On the twenty-third day, the minister stopped serving more than two thousand stones for three years. On the twenty-sixth day, the edict ordered the Three Dukes, Tejin, Hou, Qing, and Lieutenant to recommend five martial artists who could be appointed as generals. On the twenty-ninth day, if the zhaojing division and the county were damaged by the flood, the rent of the field was reduced according to the acres. Jiazi, the first Yuyang battalion soldier. In the winter of December, Goguryeo, Mahan, and Yu besieged Xuanju, and the king of Fuyu sent his sons to join forces with the prefectures to defeat them.

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the spring and February of the first year of Yanguang, King Fuyu sent his generals to rescue Xuanyu, attacking Goguryeo, Ma Han, and Qin Qi, breaking them, and dispatching envoys to contribute. In March, at noon, it was changed to Yanguang. Amnesty for the world. Those who have also migrated, reinstated the household. Give the people lord and the three elders, filial piety, and li tian, the second level of people; add widows, widows, orphans, alone, stubbornness, poor people who cannot survive, people three hu; virgin women, two horses. In the summer of April, the twenty-first rain and hail of the Jingshi County. 癸巳, Sikong Chen praise. In May Gengji, Zong zheng Pengcheng Liu was awarded the title of Sikong. He changed his name to Anping (安平), and Fenghejian Wang Kaizi (封河間王開子) had to be made the King of Anping. In June, the county locust. Autumn july, the thirteenth earthquake of Kyoshi and Gunkoku. Goguryeo descends. The Pious Qiang rebelled and attacked the city of Guluo, and the Liao general Geng Fu broke it. In August, the Yang Cemetery sleeps on fire. Xin Jiao, the Nine True Words Huang Long saw no success. He hai, zhao san gong, zhong two thousand stones, thorn history, two thousand stones, orders, looks, depending on the matter of one year old to ten years old, innocent and lovely, able to rely on the body, prevent adultery and annoyance, beneficial to others, no official book. Thorn Shi Ju Department, The County State TaiShou, Xiang Ju Ink Silk, Hidden Relatives Carefully, Do Not Take Flashy. In September, the twenty-seventh earthquake in The County. In the winter of October, Xianbei Kou Yanmen and Dingxiang. In November, Xianbei Kou Taiyuan. Burn out the Qiang Hao descend. In December, the Nine True Barbarians contributed their inner genus. It is the age of twenty-seven rains, strong winds, and killings in the Kyoshi and gun kingdom. The edict gives money to the deceased who is over the age of seven years old, and two thousand people; the corrupt house, the loss of grain, the millet, and the three axes; those who are drowned in the field, do not collect the rent of the field; if the family is weakened by disasters, the county and the county will be restrained. The pious qiang rebelled and attacked the city of Guluo, and the Liao general Geng Fu broke it. In the spring of the second year, Xu Niu rebelled, Kou Lingguan, and killed the county order. The western capital of Yizhou Thorn Shi Shu County was discussed. The three officials were selected to be able to pass one person each from the Ancient Literature Shangshu, Mao Shi, and Gu Liang Chunqiu. Bingchen, Hedong, Yingchuan strong wind. At noon in the summer of June, the eleventh wind of the county. Nine Mantras Jiahesheng. Bing Shen, King of the North Sea. In autumn and July, Danyang landslide. At noon in August, the first order of the three priests lang to master the sutra as a herdsman, depending on the matter of three years old, can be examined. In September, the county has five rains. In the winter of October, Xin Wei, the lieutenant Liu Kai, resigned. Jia Shu, Situ Yang Zhen as a lieutenant, Guanglu Xun Donglai Liu Xi as Situ. In November, the school hunted the forest garden. Xianbei defeated the Southern Xiongnu at Manbai. He was the governor of the western part of The Shu Commandery. Kyoshi and Gunguni earthquakes.

In the spring and February of the first year of Yanguang (122), King Fuyu sent his son to rescue Xuanyu and attack Goguryeo, Mahan, and Lishi and defeat them, so he sent emissaries to Pay Tribute. On the second day of the first month of March, the yuan was changed to Yanguang. Amnesty for the world. Where the applicant returns to the migration, the place of household registration shall be restored. Reward the lords and the three elders, filial piety, and Litian each of the second grade; give each widow, widow, orphan, lonely, terminally ill, and poor to live; and give two horses to each virtuous woman. On the ninth day of the first month of The summer month, hail fell at the twenty-first place of the Jingshi County. On the nineteenth day, Sikong Chen was dismissed from his post. On the seventh day of the first month of May, Ren Zongzheng Pengcheng Liu was awarded the title of Sikong. On the twenty-sixth day, he changed the name of The Kingdom to Anping, and Liu Kaizi, the Prince of Hejian, was made the King of Anping. In June, there was a locust plague in the county. On the first day of the first month of July in autumn, the thirteen earthquakes in Kyoshi and Gunkoku. Goguryeo surrenders. The Pious Qiang rebelled and attacked Guluo City, and the Du Liao general Geng Kui defeated them. On August 16, the Yangling Garden bed was on fire. On the nineteenth day, the Nine Truths said that the Yellow Dragon was now useless. On the twenty-seventh day, the edict ordered the three dukes and the middle two thousand stones to recommend the thorn history, the two thousand stones, the order, the length, and the phase, regard things from one year old to ten years old, be innocent and love the people, and be diligent and diligent, prevent treacherous and complicated, and benefit people, not necessarily promoted according to the convention, can be promoted beyond the ranks, the thorn history recommends subordinates, the county is too conservative to recommend the ink silk, do not show themselves, dedicated to official duties, rather than flashy and unrealistic people. "September 1999, the twenty-seventh earthquake in the county. In the winter of October, Xianbei Kou plundered the Wild Goose Gate and Dingxiang. In November, Xianbei Kou Taiyuan. Burn the Qiang chieftain to surrender. In December, the Nine True Borders were annexed by the barbarians. In this year, the twenty-seven rains of the Kyoshi and the county, the wind, and the killing. The edict rewarded those over the age of seven who drowned for two thousand dollars; those who lost their grain were given three millets; if the rice field was drowned, no rent was collected; and if only a family was weak or weak, the county would collect the deceased. The Qiang attacked Guluo City, and the Liao general Geng Fu defeated them. In the first month of the spring of the second year (123), Xu Niuyi rebelled, plundered Lingguan, and killed the county order. The western governors of Yizhou Thorn Shishu County attacked them. The edict ordered the selection of one person each of the three departments and officials who could be familiar with the Guwen Shangshu, Mao Shi, and Gu Liang Chunqiu. On the sixteenth day, there was a strong wind in Hedong and Yingchuan. On the 15th of June in the summer, the eleventh wind of the county. Jiuzhen reports the growth of Jiahe. On the twenty-ninth day, Liu Pu, the king of the North Sea, died. In autumn and July, Danyang landslide. On the fourth day of the first month of August, he began to order the three departments of Lang To master the scriptures and manage the people, depending on the matter of three years old, they must be examined and recommended. In September, the county has five rains. On the sixth day of the first month of October, Liu Kai, the grand lieutenant, resigned. In the ninth year, Ren Situ Yang Zhen was made a lieutenant, and Guanglu Xun Donglai Liu Xi was a Situ. On the ninth day of november, the Imperial School hunted the Forest Garden. Xianbei defeated the Southern Huns at Manpa. In this year, the western part of the Shu state was made a vassal state capital. Kyoshi and Gunguni earthquakes. 

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

In the spring of the third year, in February, the eastern patrol hunted. Ding Ugly, told Chen to stay too guarded, Qinan Dunjun, Guangwu Emperor Yu Jiyang, Fu Jiyang this year's field rent, the draft. Gengyin, sent the emissary Tang Yao to Chengyang. Peng Zi, Jinan Shangyan, Fenghuang Jitai County Chenghuo Harvest Tree. Fifty horses were given to the chief of the platform, twenty horses, three horses of the lieutenant and half of the lieutenant, and three horses of the servants. The pavilion where the Fenghuang Emperor passed, there was no rent for this year's field. Give men knighthood, people of the second degree. Xin Jiao, Xing Taishan, Chai Su Daizong. King Wuji of Qi, King Yi of Beihai, and King Yan of Le'an came to the dynasty. 壬辰, the Fifth Emperor of the Ancestral Ancestors in Wenshang Ming Hall. 癸巳, 给祀二祖,六宗,Laoshi County,县,作樂。 In March, Chen Wang Chongxue. Wu Shu, Confucius and the seventy-two disciples in Que Li, from Lu Xiang, Ling, Cheng, Wei and Kong's relatives, women, and all the students, gave praise to the Marquis of Cheng. Also, Xing Dong Ping, to Dong County, Li Wei County, Hanoi. Nong shu, the car driver back to the Kyoshi, Yukita learned. On that day, Tai Wei Yang Zhen was spared. In the summer of April, the car was driven into the palace, and it was false to your ancestors. 壬戌, 沛国言甘露降丰县。 Peng Chen, Guanglu Xun Feng Shi was a lieutenant. In May, the Southern Xiongnu rebelled against the king, causing the Xiongnu Zhonglang to destroy the horse wing. It is known as the inner genus of the outer barbarians of the Southern Fold. In June, Xianbei Kou Xuanxuan. At noon, Lang Zhongshan collapsed. Xin Wei, Fu Feng said that the white deer saw The Yong. Xin Wei (辛巳), dispatched the Imperial History Branch to the Qing and Ji Prefecture disasters, and supervised the recording of thieves. In the autumn of July, Ding You, the first right colonel and the left school ordered the official. Nichinan Wai wai quite handsome and handsome contribution. Feng Yiyan Ganlu lowered the frequency of Yang and Ya. Yōkawa Kamiki Ryūritsu. The white deer and the unicorn see Yang Zhai. Fresh humble Kogyanagi. Liang Wang Jianxue. In August, Xin had been made a great general by The Great Hongxu Gengbao. Peng Zi, Yingchuan Shangyan Qilin I, White Tiger II See Yang Zhai. In September, Ding You, deposed Crown Prince Bao as the King of Jiyin. Yi Wei (乙巳), the capital officer of the Zhao County, was imprisoned for the first degree of crime reduction, dunhuang, Longxi and Duliao camps; their right toes below and the redemption of the outlaws, each had a difference. Xinhai, Jinan on the yellow dragon to see the city. Gengshen obscure, the sun has a eclipse. In the winter of October, xingxing Chang'an. At noon, Xinfeng Shangyan Fenghuang set the West Boundary Pavilion. Ding Hai, will be the three auxiliary shou, Ling, And Shi in Chang'an, making music. Leap Month Yi Wei, Ancestral High Temple, So there are eleven tombs, through the view of Shanglin, Kunming Pond. Sent envoys to the Ancestral Temple, Emperor Taishang, in the 10,000 years, to imprison Xiao He, Cao San, and Huo Guang. November B ugly, to Chang'an. In December, Lang evil words Huanglong saw the counties. It is the age of twenty-three earthquakes in Kyoshi and Gunkoku; thirty-six rains, strong winds, rain and hail.

On February 13, 124, the emperor inspected the east. On the fourteenth day, he told Chen to stay behind and sacrifice Nan Dunjun and the Guangwu Emperor yu Jiyang, exempting Jiyang from this year's field rent and draft. On the twenty-seventh day, an emissary was sent to sacrifice Tang Yao to Chengyang. On the twenty-fifth day, Jinan reported that the phoenix was gathered on the tree of the Chong Huo shelter in Tai County. Fifty horses were rewarded to the governor of Tai County, twenty horses, half of the lieutenants, and three horses per official. The pavilions and offices where the phoenix passed by pedestrians were exempted from this year's field rent. Men are knighted, each of them is of the second degree. On the twenty-eighth day, the emperor went to Mount Tai and wangdai zong burned firewood to the heavens. Liu Wuji, the King of Qi, Liu Yi, the King of Beihai, and Liu Yan, the King of Le'an, came to worship. On the twenty-ninth day, the Five Emperors were sacrificed at the Ming Hall in Wenshang. On the 30th day, he told Gaozu and Guangwu Erzu, and told the six sects of filial piety, filial piety, filial xuan, filial yuan, xiaoming, and filial piety, and rewarded the counties and counties with consolation and pleasure. On the first day of March, Liu Chong, the King of Chen, died. On the fifth day of the first month, Confucius and seventy-two disciples were sacrificed in Queli, and Lu Xiang, Ling, Cheng, Wei, and Kong's relatives, women, and all the students participated in the assembly, and the rewards were different from those of the Marquis of Chengcheng. Return, the emperor to Dongping, to Dong County, through Wei County, Hanoi. On the twenty-ninth day, the emperor returned to the Beijing Division and went to Taixue. On this day, Lieutenant Yang Zhen was dismissed from his post. On the second day of the first month of The summer of April, the emperor entered the palace and went to the main temple of the Father God. Pei Guo reported that Feng County had to rain in time. Ren Guangluxun Feng Shi was made a lieutenant. In May, the Southern Xiongnu rebelled against the king and sent the Xiongnu Zhonglang to defeat him. The southern side of Japan is attached to the outer barbarians. In June, Xianbei Kou Xuanxuan. On the eighth day of the first year, Langshan Collapsed. In the ninth year, Fufeng reported that the white deer appeared in Yong. On the nineteenth day, he sent his attendant Yushi to inspect the disasters in Qingzhou and Jizhou respectively. Urge the arrest of thieves. On the sixth day of the first month of July, the right and left schools began to be restored. The barbarians outside the south of The Sun went to the palace to pay tribute. Feng Yi reported frequent sunshine and timely rain. Yingchuan reported growing wood lianli. Yang Zhai appeared white deer and unicorn. Xianbei Kou plundered Gao Liu. Liu Jian, king of Liang, died. On August 20, Ren Dahong was made a great general. On the twenty-seventh day, Yingchuan reported that Yang Zhai had one unicorn and two white tigers. On the seventh day of the first month of September, Liu Bao, the deposed crown prince, was made the King of Jiyin. On the fifteenth day, the imperial governor of the county and the state ordered that the capital officials of the county and the state should be sent to Dunhuang, Longxi, and Duliao camps for capital offenses, and the atonement for the sins below the right foot and those who died did not vary. On the twenty-first day, Jinan reported the appearance of a yellow dragon in Licheng. Thirty days, eclipse. In the winter of October, the emperor arrived in Chang'an. On the twenty-second day, Xinfeng reported that there was a phoenix flying set in the West Boundary Pavilion. On the twenty-seventh day, the three auxiliary guards, orders, and histories were gathered in Chang'an to make music. On the sixth day of the first month of leap october, the high temple is sacrificed, the eleven tombs are sacrificed, and the Shanglin and Kunming ponds are observed. Emissaries were sent to sacrifice Emperor Taishang in ten thousand years, and pigs and sheep were sacrificed to Xiao He, Cao Shan, and Huo Guang. On the sixth day of the first month of November, the emperor returned to the palace from Chang'an. On the seventh day of the first month of December, Lang Zheng reported the appearance of yellow dragons in the counties. In this year, there were twenty-three earthquakes in Kyoshi and Gunkoku; thirty-six rains, winds, and hail.

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

At noon on the first day of the fourth spring month, Dongjun Yan Huanglong'er and Qilin saw Puyang. In February, The King of Xia Pi was born. Kotatsu, Southern Hunting. In March, there is an eclipse of the sun. Gengshen, Xingwan, Emperor Buyu. Xin You, the great general Geng Baoxing (耿宝行太尉事). Ancestral Zhang Cemetery Temple, Su Changsha, Lingling Taishou, Ancestral DingWang, Jiehou, Yulin Fujun. Ugly, self-righteous. Ding Di, Xingye, Emperor Collapse Yu Yu, Chinese New Year's Eve two. Secret does not dare to declare, where the food asks to live as usual. Gengwu, return to the palace. Xin Weixi, but mourning. Empress Zun was made Empress Dowager. Empress Dowager Linchao, and later her brother Dahong Yan Xian, who was a cheri general, decided to forbid Zhongzhong, and Lizhang Emperor Sun Jibei Hui Wang Shouzi Beixiang Hou Yi. Jia Shu, Jinan Wang Xiangxue. Yi You, marquis of Beixiang, is the emperor. In The fourth month of Xia, Ding You, Tai Wei Feng Shi was Tai Fu, Situ Liu Xi was Tai Wei, and Shang Shu Shi was recorded; former Sikong Li Guo was Situ. Xin Jiao, the great general Geng Bao, Zhongchang Shi Fan Feng, Shi Zhong Xie, Zhou Guang, the Nursing Mother Wild King Wang Sheng, sat xiang Ah Dang, Feng, Yi, guang went to prison and died, Bao committed suicide, and the holy migration to Yanmen. He buried Emperor Xiao'an at Gongling. The temple is known as Gongzong. In June, amnesty for the world. Fortunately, Emperor Zhaoxian was on a hunting tour, and they were all half-paid for this year's field rent. In the autumn and July, Shi Ban, the governor of the Western Regions, attacked the Queen Of the Cheshi and beheaded him. At noon, the King of the East Sea sued. In the winter of October, the Mountain Collapsed. Xinhai, Shaodi Xue. It's winter, the Kyoshi pandemic. Commentary: Although Xiao'an is said to be honored with the royal family, and the power belongs to the Tang clan, it is the loss of the food clothes and the recitation of the political way. However, the order from the house curtain, the power is not far away, the root system is lost, and it is returned to the mausoleum. Therefore, the officials were recounted, and the immigrants fled, pushing the blame on Tai Heng to answer the heavenly gaze. She is both a woman and a "family rope". Zanyue: Ender does not rise, I am king. Descend and rob the concubine, and open the evil beetle. Feng Shi Chenghuan, Yang Gongfeng was angry. The day is faint, and the road is heavenly.

On the 24th day of the first lunar month of the fourth year (125), Dong County reported that Huang Long'er and Qilin Yi appeared in Puyang. In February, Liu Yan, the King of Xia Pi, died. On the seventeenth, the emperor inspected the south. On the first day of March, the eclipse. In the third year of the first year, the emperor arrived at Wan, and his body was uncomfortable. In the fourth year of the first year, the general Geng Bao was ordered to work as a lieutenant. Sacrifice to the Zhanglingyuan Temple, tell Changsha and Lingling Taishou, sacrifice Dingwang, Jiehou, Yulin Fujun. The First Eight Emperors returned from Wan. In the tenth month of the first month, the emperor arrived at Ye, who died in the middle of the public opinion, and Chinese New Year's Eve two. Secret did not dare to announce, wherever he went, he asked about living as usual. On the thirteenth, the palace was returned. On the evening of the fourteenth, mourning was issued. Empress Zun was made empress dowager, empress dowager was in power, and later her brother Dahong Yan Xian was made a che riding general, and in the Dingce Palace, Liu Shouzi, the Marquis of Beixiang, was made emperor. On the seventeenth day, Liu Xiang, the king of Jinan, died. On the twenty-eighth day, the Marquis of Beixiang took the throne as emperor. On April 11 of Xia, Feng Shi was made a taifu(太傅), Situ Liu Xi (司图劉熹) was made a taiwei (太尉), and he participated in the affairs of the general Shangshu; and Li Gao (李郃), a former sikong, was made a situ. On the fifth day of the first month, the great generals Geng Bao, Zhongchang Shi Fan Feng, Shi Zhong Xie Yun, Zhou Guang, and The Nursing Mother Wild King Wang Wang Sheng, because of the conspiracy of the party, Fan Feng, Xie Yun, and Zhou Guang were imprisoned, Geng Bao committed suicide, and Wang Sheng sent him to Yanmen. On the 23rd, Emperor Xiao'an was buried in Gongling, and the temple was honored as Gongzong. On June 20, the world was pardoned. The edict ordered the former emperor to inspect everywhere he went, and it was half into this year's field rent. In the autumn and July, Shi Banyong, the governor of the Western Regions, attacked the Cheshi Queen and killed him. On the twenty-first day, Liu Su, the king of the East China Sea, died. On october 22 of winter, the Yuewei landslide. On the twenty-seventh day, the Young Emperor died. In the winter of this year, the epidemic in Beijing was epidemic. Historians commented: "Although Emperor An claimed to rule the world with respect, the authority was in the hands of Empress Deng, so that she was poor in food and clothing and was able to devote herself to government affairs. However, the order came from the curtain of the palace, the prestige could not be far away, began to lose its roots, and finally formed a situation of decline in the Han family, and even counted into the Qiangu officials selling knights, emigrating inland to escape from Qiangkou, and blaming the three dukes to answer the mistakes of heaven. This is the so-called 'Philosopher into the city, the philosopher woman into the city, the cow seven chickens Si Chen, the country must be decadent. Historians praised: "Emperor Andi's virtue is not high, and politics and religion are not good." Crown Prince, Xuan and Xinchen abolished, giving the green light to the evil beetle behavior of Jiang Jing and others. He was particularly favored by the wei lieutenant Feng Shi and appointed as a taifu. He also listened to Fan Feng's rumors and spared The Lieutenant Yang Zhen. King's Way: Chaos is unclear, and politicization is late, so Han Zuo has declined. ”

Introduction to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lecture 12: The Chronicle of emperor Xiao'an

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